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Li X, Wang N, Liu Y, Li W, Bai X, Liu P, He CY. Backbone N-methylation of peptides: Advances in synthesis and applications in pharmaceutical drug development. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106892. [PMID: 37776681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based drugs have garnered considerable attention in recent years owing to their increasingly crucial role in the treatment of diverse diseases. However, the limited pharmacokinetic properties of peptides have hindered their full potential. One prominent strategy for enhancing the druggability of peptides is N-methylation, which involves the addition of a methyl group to the nitrogen atom of the peptide backbone. This modification significantly improves the stability, bioavailability, receptor binding affinity and selectivity of peptide drug candidates. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements in synthetic methods for N-methylated peptide synthesis, as well as the associated limitations. Moreover, we explore the versatile effects of N-methylation on various aspects of peptide properties. Furthermore, we emphasize the efforts dedicated to N-methylated peptide pharmaceuticals that have successfully obtained marketing approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Central Research Institute, United-Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningchao Wang
- Central Research Institute, United-Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Central Research Institute, United-Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Weipiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Chun-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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2
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You Q, Collum DB. Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation Using Sodium Hexamethyldisilazide: Solvent-Dependent Reactivities and Mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23568-23584. [PMID: 37857357 PMCID: PMC11373886 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The solvent-dependent reactivity of sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS) toward carbon-centered electrophiles reveals reactions that are poorly represented or unrepresented in the literature, including direct aminolysis of aromatic methyl esters to give carboxamides, nitriles, or amidines, depending on the choice of solvent. SNAr substitutions of aryl halides and opening of terminal epoxides are also examined. A combination of 1H and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies using [15N]NaHMDS, kinetic studies, and computational studies reveals the complex mechanistic basis of the preferences for simple aryl carboxamides in toluene and dimethylethylamine and arylnitriles or amidines in tetrahydrofuran (THF). A prevalence of dimer- and mixed dimer-based chemistry even starting from the observable NaHMDS monomer in THF solution is notable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin You
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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3
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Runikhina SA, Afanasyev OI, Kuchuk EA, Perekalin DS, Jagadeesh RV, Beller M, Chusov D. Catalytic utilization of converter gas – an industrial waste for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4346-4350. [PMID: 37123198 PMCID: PMC10132106 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00257h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
From waste to value. An efficient and convenient ruthenium-catalyzed reduction of aromatic nitro compounds using converter gas as a reducing agent to produce valuable pharmaceuticals has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya A Runikhina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Oleg I Afanasyev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Stremyanny per. 36 Moscow 117997 Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Kuchuk
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry S Perekalin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- Faculty of Chemistry of the National Research University Higher School of Economics Miasnitskaya Str. 20 Moscow 101000 Russian Federation
| | - Rajenahally V Jagadeesh
- Department of Applied Homogeneous Catalysis Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29A Rostock 18059 Germany
- Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava-Poruba Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Beller
- Department of Applied Homogeneous Catalysis Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29A Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Denis Chusov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- Faculty of Chemistry of the National Research University Higher School of Economics Miasnitskaya Str. 20 Moscow 101000 Russian Federation
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Muramatsu W, Yamamoto H. An economical approach for peptide synthesis via regioselective C-N bond cleavage of lactams. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6309-6315. [PMID: 35733900 PMCID: PMC9159104 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An economical, solvent-free, and metal-free method for peptide synthesis via C-N bond cleavage using lactams has been developed. The method not only eliminates the need for condensation agents and their auxiliaries, which are essential for conventional peptide synthesis, but also exhibits high atom economy. The reaction is versatile because it can tolerate side chains bearing a range of functional groups, affording up to >99% yields of the corresponding peptides without racemisation or polymerisation. Moreover, the developed strategy enables peptide segment coupling, providing access to a hexapeptide that occurs as a repeat sequence in spider silk proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Muramatsu
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-cho Kasugai Aichi 487-8501 Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-cho Kasugai Aichi 487-8501 Japan
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5
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Soda AK, C S PK, Chilaka SK, E VK, Misra S, Madabhushi S. I 2/TBHP mediated domino synthesis of 2-(2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolin-3(2 H)-yl)- N-aryl/alkyl benzamides and evaluation of their anticancer and docking studies. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16589-16598. [PMID: 35754904 PMCID: PMC9169238 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel I2/TBHP mediated domino synthesis of 2-(2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolin-3(2H)-yl)-N-phenyl benzamides by reaction of isatins with o-amino N-aryl/alkyl benzamides was described. This was the first application of o-amino N-aryl/alkyl benzamides participating in oxidative rearrangement with isatins for synthesis of desired products. The synthesized compounds contained amide and quinazoline units and their combination resulted in molecular hybridization of two important pharmacophores. In this study, the synthesized compounds 3a-r were screened for cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines A549, DU145, B16-F10, and HepG2 and also non-cancerous cell line CHO-K1. The compounds 3c, 3l and 3o gave promising results. The in silico molecular docking studies (PDB ID 1N37) also validated the anticancer activity of these compounds showing good binding affinity with target DNA and by acting as DNA intercalators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Soda
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Phani Krishna C S
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
| | - Sai Krishna Chilaka
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Vamshi Krishna E
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
| | - Sridhar Madabhushi
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
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6
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Tandem silylation—desilylation reaction in the synthesis of N-methyl carboxamides. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Muramatsu W, Yamamoto H. Peptide Bond Formation of Amino Acids by Transient Masking with Silylating Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6792-6797. [PMID: 33929829 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot peptide bond-forming reaction has been developed using unprotected amino acids and peptides. Two different silylating reagents, HSi[OCH(CF3)2]3 and MTBSTFA, are instrumental for the successful implementation of this approach, being used for the activation and transient masking of unprotected amino acids and peptides at C-termini and N-termini, respectively. Furthermore, CsF and imidazole are used as catalysts, activating HSi[OCH(CF3)2]3 and also accelerating chemoselective silylation. This method is versatile as it tolerates side chains that bear a range of functional groups, while providing up to >99% yields of corresponding peptides without any racemization or polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Muramatsu
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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