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Sun X, Duan S, Cao A, Villagomez B, Lin R, Chen H, Pi L, Ren B, Chen R, Chen M, Ying Z, Fang S, Cao Q. RRY Inhibits Amyloid-β 1-42 Peptide Aggregation and Neurotoxicity. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:479-495. [PMID: 34368633 PMCID: PMC8293670 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current understanding of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) aggregation and toxicity provides an extensive list of drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, one of the most promising strategies for its treatment has been tri-peptides. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine those tri-peptides, such as Arg-Arg-Try (RRY), which have the potential of Aβ1-42 aggregating inhibition and Aβ clearance. METHODS In the present study, in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies were integrated for screening tri-peptides binding to Aβ, then evaluating its inhibition of aggregation of Aβ, and finally its rescuing cognitive deficit. RESULTS In the in silico simulations, molecular docking and molecular dynamics determined that seven top-ranking tri-peptides could bind to Aβ1-42 and form stable complexes. Circular dichroism, ThT assay, and transmission electron microscope indicated the seven tri-peptides might inhibit the aggregation of Aβ1-42 in vitro. In the in vivo studies, Morris water maze, ELISA, and Diolistic staining were used, and data showed that RRY was capable of rescuing the Aβ1-42-induced cognitive deficit, reducing the Aβ1-42 load and increasing the dendritic spines in the transgenic mouse model. CONCLUSION Such converging outcomes from three consecutive studies lead us to conclude that RRY is a preferred inhibitor of Aβ1-42 aggregation and treatment for Aβ-induced cognitive deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Songwei Duan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anna Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Villagomez
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Runxuan Lin
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liya Pi
- Department of Pediatrics in College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minjie Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhekang Ying
- The Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shenyun Fang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Paul TJ, Kelly H, Zuchniarz J, Ahmed T, Prabhakar R. Design of heparin oligosaccharide based molecules for inhibition of Alzheimer amyloid beta (Aβ40) aggregation. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this computational study, we have combined molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques to explore interactions of monomeric and aggregated forms of Alzheimer’s amyloid beta (Aβ40) with seven chemically distinct heparin derived glycoaminoglycans (GAGs) referred to as ADC, SDC, DC, V1, V2, V3, and V4. The docking procedure proposed two major binding sites, i.e., one present at the top of the fibril (site A), and the other located in the hairpin region (site B). Due to its position, site B offers an interesting target to design molecules with anti-aggregation properties. Our results predicted that out of seven GAGs, only three of them (ADC, SDC, and DC) bind to site B. The identification of these molecules can advance our efforts to develop therapeutic interventions for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Harvey Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Joshua Zuchniarz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Tahir Ahmed
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Rd, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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Bora RP, Prabhakar R. Elucidation of Interactions of Alzheimer Amyloid β Peptides (Aβ40 and Aβ42) with Insulin Degrading Enzyme: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Biochemistry 2010; 49:3947-56. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1002103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad Bora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146
| | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146
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