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Alešković M, Šekutor M. Overcoming barriers with non-covalent interactions: supramolecular recognition of adamantyl cucurbit[ n]uril assemblies for medical applications. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:433-471. [PMID: 38389878 PMCID: PMC10880950 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00596h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Adamantane, a staple in medicinal chemistry, recently became a cornerstone of a supramolecular host-guest drug delivery system, ADA/CB[n]. Owing to a good fit between the adamantane cage and the host cavity of the cucurbit[n]uril macrocycle, formed strong inclusion complexes find applications in drug delivery and controlled drug release. Note that the cucurbit[n]uril host is not solely a delivery vehicle of the ADA/CB[n] system but rather influences the bioactivity and bioavailability of drug molecules and can tune drug properties. Namely, as host-guest interactions are capable of changing the intrinsic properties of the guest molecule, inclusion complexes can become more soluble, bioavailable and more resistant to metabolic conditions compared to individual non-complexed molecules. Such synergistic effects have implications for practical bioapplicability of this complex system and provide a new viewpoint to therapy, beyond the traditional single drug molecule approach. By achieving a balance between guest encapsulation and release, the ADA/CB[n] system has also found use beyond just drug delivery, in fields like bioanalytics, sensing assays, bioimaging, etc. Thus, chemosensing in physiological conditions, indicator displacement assays, in vivo diagnostics and hybrid nanostructures are just some recent examples of the ADA/CB[n] applicability, be it for displacements purposes or as cargo vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Alešković
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Marina Šekutor
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
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Zbruyev O, Belikov K, Khimchenko S, Blank T, Chebanov VA. Modified Greener Procedure for the Synthesis of Cucurbit[6]uril. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Zbruyev
- SSI “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Avenue, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | - Konstantin Belikov
- SSI “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Avenue, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
- V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Square, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Khimchenko
- SSI “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Avenue, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | - Tamara Blank
- SSI “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Avenue, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn A. Chebanov
- SSI “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Avenue, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
- V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Square, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
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Cheng G, Luo J, Liu Y, Chen X, Wu Z, Chen T. Cucurbituril-Oriented Nanoplatforms in Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8211-8240. [PMID: 35019600 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cucucrbituril (CB) belongs to a family of macrocycles that are easily accessible. Their structural specificity provides excellent molecular recognition capabilities, with the ability to be readily chemically modified. Because of these properties, researchers have found CB to be a useful molecular carrier for delivering drug molecules and therapeutic biomolecules. Their significance lies in the fact that CB not only increases the solubility and stability of an encapsulated guest but also provides the possibility to achieve targeted delivery of the guest molecule. Therefore, the emergence of CB undoubtedly provides opportunities for the development of targeted drug delivery in an era where intelligent drugs have attracted considerable attention. It has also been found that CB can enhance fluorescent dyes, allowing the preparation of biosensors with enhanced sensitivity for use in clinical settings. In the present review, the acquisition, properties, and structural modifications of CB are first comprehensively described, and then the value of this macrocycle in applications within the medical field is discussed. In addition, we have also summarized patent applications of CB in this field over recent years, aiming to illustrate the current status of developments of this molecule. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced by CB in the medical field and future trends in its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jingshan Luo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Tongkai Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Cong H, Ni XL, Xiao X, Huang Y, Zhu QJ, Xue SF, Tao Z, Lindoy LF, Wei G. Synthesis and separation of cucurbit[n]urils and their derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:4335-64. [PMID: 26991738 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00268d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]uril chemistry has become an important part of contemporary supramolecular chemistry since cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) are not only able to encapsulate various guests, but are also capable of coordinating to a wide range of metal ions, leading to the establishment of Q[n]-based host-guest chemistry and coordination chemistry. Each of these impressive developments can be attributed to the growth of protocols for obtaining Q[n]s. In this review, we survey synthetic procedures for obtaining cucurbit[n]urils and their substituted derivatives together with the separation and purification of these remarkable compounds. The coverage is aimed at both existing workers in the field as well as at those requiring an "entry" into Q[n]-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cong
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Xing Long Ni
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Qian-Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Sai-Feng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Leonard F Lindoy
- School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Gang Wei
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, PO Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
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Skorjanc T, Benyettou F, Olsen JC, Trabolsi A. Design of Organic Macrocycle-Modified Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery. Chemistry 2017; 23:8333-8347. [PMID: 28164384 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paul Ehrlich's vision of a "magic bullet" cure for disease inspires the modern design of nanocarriers whose purpose is to deliver drug cargo to specific sites in the body while circumventing endogenous immunological clearance mechanisms. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have emerged as particularly promising nanocarriers because of their biodegradability, ability to be guided magnetically to sites of pathology, mediation of hyperthermic therapy, and imaging capabilities. In this review, we focus on the design and drug-delivery aspects of IONPs coated with organic macrocycles (crown ethers, cyclodextrins, calix[n]arenes, cucurbit[n]urils, or pillar[n]arenes), which, by means of reversible complexation, allow for the convenient loading and release of drug molecules. Macrocycles can be attached to IONPs indirectly or directly. Indirect attachment requires the use of small organic linking molecules or conjugation to shell materials. Direct attachment requires neither. We discuss in detail drug release from the macrocycles, highlighting mechanisms that depend on external stimuli such as changes in pH, the competitive binding of ions or small molecules, or the application of ultrasound or electromagnetic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Skorjanc
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Benyettou
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - John-Carl Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, RC Box 270216, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Ali Trabolsi
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Shewale MN, Lande DN, Gejji SP. Encapsulation of benzimidazole derivatives within cucurbit[7]uril: Density functional investigations. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Gomes AC, Magalhães CIR, Oliveira TSM, Lopes AD, Gonçalves IS, Pillinger M. Solid-state study of the structure and host–guest chemistry of cucurbituril-ferrocene inclusion complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17042-17052. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02811j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state host–guest interactions have been investigated for cucurbit[n]uril-ferrocene inclusion compounds (n = 7, 8) prepared via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gomes
- Department of Chemistry
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Clara I. R. Magalhães
- Department of Chemistry
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Tânia S. M. Oliveira
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- CIQA
- University of the Algarve
- 8005-136 Faro
- Portugal
| | - André D. Lopes
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- CIQA
- University of the Algarve
- 8005-136 Faro
- Portugal
| | - Isabel S. Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Martyn Pillinger
- Department of Chemistry
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
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Jiang X, Li P, Liu X, Guo X, Liu L. One-pot synthesis–assembly–separation of cucurbit[6]uril via SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-014-0426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rivollier J, Thuéry P, Heck MP. Extension of the Bambus[n]uril Family: Microwave Synthesis and Reactivity of Allylbambus[n]urils. Org Lett 2013; 15:480-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol303277u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Thuéry
- CEA-iBiTecS, SCBM, Bât. 547, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Macartney DH. Encapsulation of Drug Molecules by Cucurbiturils: Effects on their Chemical Properties in Aqueous Solution. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Walker S, Kaur R, McInnes FJ, Wheate NJ. Synthesis, processing and solid state excipient interactions of cucurbit[6]uril and its formulation into tablets for oral drug delivery. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:2166-72. [PMID: 20669974 DOI: 10.1021/mp100191b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, processing, and solid state excipient interactions of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) and its formulation into oral tablets has been examined using a range of physical chemistry techniques. Rapid precipitation from HCl by the addition of water yields microcrystalline CB[6] with smaller and more consistent particle size (30-165 μm) compared with the sieved CB[6] (50-540 μm) produced from large crystals grown by slow evaporation from HCl. The microcrystalline particles also contain fewer water molecules in the crystal compared with the sieved particles: 10 and 16% respectively. Microcrystalline CB[6] can be formulated into tablets suitable for oral delivery with a CB[6] content of 1-50% w/w, with the other excipients including lactose, talc, Avicel, magnesium stearate and Ac-Di-Sol. In the solid state microcrystalline CB[6] does not interact significantly with the talc, Ac-Di-Sol or Avicel, but significant interactions are observed when mixed or ground with either magnesium stearate or lactose, resulting in the lowering of the melting points of both excipients. This work represents the first study of the physical processing and solid state chemistry of CB[n]s for pharmaceutical formulation and represents an important development step in the use of CB[n]s as drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shonagh Walker
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, John Arbuthnott Building, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, United Kingdom
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