1
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Biyani SA, Qi Q, Wu J, Moriuchi Y, Larocque EA, Sintim HO, Thompson DH. Use of High-Throughput Tools for Telescoped Continuous Flow Synthesis of an Alkynylnaphthyridine Anticancer Agent, HSN608. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti A. Biyani
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Qingqing Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jingze Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yuta Moriuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Larocque
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Tang XF, Zhao JN, Wu YF, Zheng ZH, Ma CF, Yu ZY, Yun L, Liu GZ, Meng QW. Asymmetric α-hydroxylation of β-dicarbonyl compounds by C-2′ modified cinchonine-derived phase-transfer catalysts in batch and flow microreactors. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1781183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Cun-Fei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Wei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
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3
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Tang X, Zhao J, Wu Y, Feng S, Yang F, Yu Z, Meng Q. Visible‐Light‐Driven Enantioselective Aerobic Oxidation of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Cinchona‐Derived Phase Transfer Catalysts in Batch and Semi‐Flow. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing‐Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
| | - Shi‐Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
| | - Zong‐Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐Wei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
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4
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Ogunlaja A, Abdul-quadir M, Kleyi P, Ferg E, Watts P, Tshentu Z. Towards oxidative denitrogenation of fuel oils: Vanadium oxide-catalysed oxidation of quinoline and adsorptive removal of quinoline-N-oxide using 2,6-pyridine-polybenzimidazole nanofibers. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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5
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Movsisyan M, De Coen LM, Heugebaert TSA, Verlee A, Roman BI, Stevens CV. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Phenothiazine Antipsychotics: A Feasibility Study. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Movsisyan
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Synthesis, Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group; Coupure Links 653 Ghent Belgium
| | - Laurens M. De Coen
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Synthesis, Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group; Coupure Links 653 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas S. A. Heugebaert
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Synthesis, Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group; Coupure Links 653 Ghent Belgium
| | - Arno Verlee
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Synthesis, Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group; Coupure Links 653 Ghent Belgium
| | - Bart I. Roman
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Synthesis, Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group; Coupure Links 653 Ghent Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Synthesis, Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group; Coupure Links 653 Ghent Belgium
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6
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Bédard AC, Adamo A, Aroh KC, Russell MG, Bedermann AA, Torosian J, Yue B, Jensen KF, Jamison TF. Reconfigurable system for automated optimization of diverse chemical reactions. Science 2018; 361:1220-1225. [PMID: 30237351 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis generally requires labor-intensive, sometimes tedious trial-and-error optimization of reaction conditions. Here, we describe a plug-and-play, continuous-flow chemical synthesis system that mitigates this challenge with an integrated combination of hardware, software, and analytics. The system software controls the user-selected reagents and unit operations (reactors and separators), processes reaction analytics (high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, vibrational spectroscopy), and conducts automated optimizations. The capabilities of this system are demonstrated in high-yielding implementations of C-C and C-N cross-coupling, olefination, reductive amination, nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr), photoredox catalysis, and a multistep sequence. The graphical user interface enables users to initiate optimizations, monitor progress remotely, and analyze results. Subsequent users of an optimized procedure need only download an electronic file, comparable to a smartphone application, to implement the protocol on their own apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Bédard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrea Adamo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kosi C Aroh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M Grace Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron A Bedermann
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy Torosian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian Yue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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7
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Spare LK, Harman DG, Aldrich-Wright JR, Nguyen TV, Gordon CP. Chemoselective Flow Hydrogenation Approaches to Diversify the Cytotoxic Tetrahydroepoxyisoindole Carboxamide Scaffold. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawson K. Spare
- School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Locked Bag 1797 Penrith South DC Australia
| | - David G. Harman
- School of Medicine, Building 30; Western Sydney University; Goldsmith Avenue Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Building 30; Western Sydney University; Goldsmith Avenue Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
| | - Janice R. Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Locked Bag 1797 Penrith South DC Australia
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group; Western Sydney University; Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
| | - Thanh V. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Locked Bag 1797 Penrith South DC Australia
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8
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Kong CJ, Fisher D, Desai BK, Yang Y, Ahmad S, Belecki K, Gupton BF. High throughput photo-oxidations in a packed bed reactor system. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6203-6208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Ledru H, D'Attoma J, Bostyn S, Routier S, Buron F, Lopin-Bon C. Screening of Activation Tools to Design Sulfated Saccharides. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Ledru
- Univ. Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311; F-45067 France
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10
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Yadav JS, Singh S, Das S. An Enantioselective Approach to Pinguisane Sesquiterpenes: Total Synthesis of (-)-Pinguisenol and (-)-Isonaviculol. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jhillu Singh Yadav
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Anusandhan Bhawan 110001 New Delhi India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Anusandhan Bhawan 110001 New Delhi India
| | - Saibal Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Anusandhan Bhawan 110001 New Delhi India
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11
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Akwi FM, Watts P. Study on the Scale-Up of Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Azo Coupling Reactions in Flow Reactors. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-1990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Damião MCFCB, Galaverna R, Kozikowski AP, Eubanks J, Pastre JC. Telescoped continuous flow generation of a library of highly substituted 3-thio-1,2,4-triazoles. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An integrated continuous flow process for the synthesis of 3-thio-1,2,4-triazoles is reported. A small library of 18 compounds was prepared in just 48 minutes of residence time in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renan Galaverna
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas - UNICAMP
- Campinas
- Brazil
| | | | - James Eubanks
- Division of Genetics and Development
- Krembil Research Institute
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Julio C. Pastre
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas - UNICAMP
- Campinas
- Brazil
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13
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Meščić A, Šalić A, Gregorić T, Zelić B, Raić-Malić S. Continuous flow-ultrasonic synergy in click reactions for the synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazolyl appended 4,5-unsaturated l-ascorbic acid derivatives. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination of flow chemistry and batch-based synthetic procedures has been successfully applied to the assembly of novel 4,5-unsaturated l-ascorbic acid series 6a–6n with diverse C-6-substituted 1,2,3-triazole moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Meščić
- University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Anita Šalić
- University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Department of Reaction Engineering and Catalysis
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Tomislav Gregorić
- University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Bruno Zelić
- University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Department of Reaction Engineering and Catalysis
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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14
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Bao J, Tranmer GK. The utilization of copper flow reactors in organic synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:3037-44. [PMID: 25536021 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of flow chemistry techniques has flourished over the past decade, with the field expanding to include the use of copper flow reactors in bench-top organic synthesis in recent years. These reactors are available in a variety of forms and possess a number of advantages over their batch reaction counterparts, in terms of both safety and yield. This review will highlight the current research employing copper flow reactors, such as 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions ('click' chemistry), macrocyclizations (via 'click' chemistry), Sonogashira C-C couplings, Ullmann couplings, decarboxylations, and other reported findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
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15
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16
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Werner M, Kuratli C, Martin RE, Hochstrasser R, Wechsler D, Enderle T, Alanine AI, Vogel H. Seamless integration of dose-response screening and flow chemistry: efficient generation of structure-activity relationship data of β-secretase (BACE1) inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1704-8. [PMID: 24458566 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery is a multifaceted endeavor encompassing as its core element the generation of structure-activity relationship (SAR) data by repeated chemical synthesis and biological testing of tailored molecules. Herein, we report on the development of a flow-based biochemical assay and its seamless integration into a fully automated system comprising flow chemical synthesis, purification and in-line quantification of compound concentration. This novel synthesis-screening platform enables to obtain SAR data on b-secretase (BACE1) inhibitors at an unprecedented cycle time of only 1 h instead of several days. Full integration and automation of industrial processes have always led to productivity gains and cost reductions, and this work demonstrates how applying these concepts to SAR generation may lead to a more efficient drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Werner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Small Molecule Research, Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel (Switzerland).
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17
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Werner M, Kuratli C, Martin RE, Hochstrasser R, Wechsler D, Enderle T, Alanine AI, Vogel H. Nahtlose Integration von Dosis-Wirkungs-basiertem Screening und Flusschemie: effiziente Erzeugung von Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehungen von β-Sekretase(BACE1)-Hemmern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Flow synthesis of annulated 5-aryl-substituted pyridines by tandem intramolecular inverse-electron-demand hetero-/retro-Diels–Alder reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Lehmann J, Alzieu T, Martin RE, Britton R. The Kondrat'eva reaction in flow: direct access to annulated pyridines. Org Lett 2013; 15:3550-3. [PMID: 23805911 DOI: 10.1021/ol4013525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A continuous flow inverse-electron-demand Kondrat'eva reaction has been developed that provides direct access to cycloalka[c]pyridines from unactivated oxazoles and cycloalkenes. Annulated pyridines obtained by this one-step process are valuable scaffolds for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Lehmann
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Small Molecule Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Watts P, Pascali G, Salvadori PA. Positron Emission Tomography Radiosynthesis in Microreactors. J Flow Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-12-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Watts P, Wiles C. Micro Reactors, Flow Reactors and Continuous Flow Synthesis. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3184/174751912x13311365798808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dr Paul Watts is a reader in organic chemistry at The University of Hull and since graduating from the University of Bristol, where he completed a PhD in bio-organic natural product synthesis, he has led the Micro Reactor Group at Hull. In this role, he has published 90 papers, and he regularly contributes to the field by way of invited book chapters, review articles, and keynote lecturers on the subject of micro reaction technology in organic synthesis. Dr Charlotte Wiles is the Chief Technology Officer at Chemtrix BV, and has been actively researching within the area of micro reaction technology for 10 years, starting with a PhD entitled Micro reactors in organic chemistry, which she obtained from The University of Hull in 2003. In the past decade, she has authored many scientific papers and review articles, recently co-authoring a book on the subject of micro reaction technology in organic synthesis. More recently, she has tailored her experience to the development and evaluation of commercially available continuous flow reactors, systems and peripheral equipment. This review article explains the advantages of micro reactors and flow reactors as tools for conducting organic synthesis and describes how the technology may be used in research and development as well as production. A selection of examples is taken from the literature to illustrate how micro reactors enables chemists to perform their reactions more efficiently than when using batch processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Watts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Charlotte Wiles
- Chemtrix BV, Burgemeester Lemmensstraat 358, 6163 JT, Geleen, The Netherlands
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22
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Venturoni F, Gioiello A, Sardella R, Natalini B, Pellicciari R. Continuous flow synthesis and scale-up of glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile salts. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4109-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25528f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Martin RE, Morawitz F, Kuratli C, Alker AM, Alanine AI. Synthesis of Annulated Pyridines by Intramolecular Inverse-Electron-Demand Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction under Superheated Continuous Flow Conditions. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Qian Z, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. A continuous flow process using a sequence of microreactors with in-line IR analysis for the preparation of N,N-diethyl-4-(3-fluorophenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide as a potent and highly selective δ-opioid receptor agonist. Chemistry 2011; 16:12342-8. [PMID: 20859972 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the design, optimisation and development of a continuous flow synthesis of N,N-diethyl-4-(3-fluorophenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide, a potent δ-opioid receptor agonist developed by AstraZeneca. The process employs a sequence of flow-based microreactors, with integrated purification employing solid-supported reagents and in-line IR analytical protocols using a newly developed ReactIR flow cell. With this monitoring device, initiation of the fourth input flow stream can be precisely controlled during the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Qian
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
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25
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Brasholz M, Macdonald JM, Saubern S, Ryan JH, Holmes AB. A gram-scale batch and flow total synthesis of perhydrohistrionicotoxin. Chemistry 2010; 16:11471-80. [PMID: 20827703 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the spiropiperidine alkaloid (-)-perhydrohistrionicotoxin (perhydro-HTX) 2 has been accomplished on a gram scale by employing both conventional batch chemistry as well as microreactor techniques. (S)-(-)-6-Pentyltetrahydro-pyran-2-one 8 underwent nucleophilic ring opening to afford the alcohol 10, which was elaborated to the nitrone 13. Protection of the nitrone as the 1,3-adduct of styrene and side-chain extension to the unsaturated nitrile afforded a precursor 17, which underwent dipolar cycloreversion and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to give the core spirocyclic precursor 18 that was converted into perhydro-HTX 2. The principal steps to the spirocycle 18 have successfully been transferred into flow mode by using different types of microreactors and in a telescoped fashion, allowing for a more rapid access to the histrionicotoxins and their analogues by continuous processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Brasholz
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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26
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Achanta S, Liautard V, Paugh R, Organ MG. The development of a general strategy for the synthesis of tyramine-based natural products by using continuous flow techniques. Chemistry 2010; 16:12797-800. [PMID: 20931578 PMCID: PMC3145487 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Achanta
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 (Canada)
| | - Virginie Liautard
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 (Canada)
| | - Robert Paugh
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 (Canada)
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 (Canada)
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27
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Hopkin MD, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. A flow-based synthesis of imatinib: the API of Gleevec. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2450-2. [PMID: 20309467 DOI: 10.1039/c001550d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A concise, flow-based synthesis of Imatinib, a compound used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia, is described whereby all steps are conducted in tubular flow coils or cartridges packed with reagents or scavengers to effect clean product formation. An in-line solvent switching procedure was developed enabling the procedure to be performed with limited manual handling of intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Hopkin
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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