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Botta L, Cesarini S, Zippilli C, Bizzarri BM, Fanelli A, Saladino R. Multicomponent reactions in the synthesis of antiviral compounds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2013-2050. [PMID: 34620058 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211007121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multicomponent reactions are one-pot processes for the synthesis of highly functionalized hetero-cyclic and hetero-acyclic compounds, often endowed with biological activity. OBJECTIVE Multicomponent reactions are considered green processes with high atom economy. In addition, they present advantages compared to the classic synthetic methods such as high efficiency and low wastes production. METHOD In these reactions two or more reagents are combined together in the same flask to yield a product containing almost all the atoms of the starting materials. RESULTS The scope of this review is to present an overview of the application of multicomponent reactions in the synthesis of compounds endowed with antiviral activity. The syntheses are classified depending on the viral target. CONCLUSION Multicomponent reactions can be applied to all the stages of the drug discovery and development process making them very useful in the search for new agents active against emerging (viral) pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Botta
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
| | - Silvia Cesarini
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
| | - Claudio Zippilli
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
| | | | - Angelica Fanelli
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
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Characterization of oligonucleotide aptamers targeting the 5'-UTR from dengue virus. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:541-552. [PMID: 28402681 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The dengue virus is responsible for a high worldwide incidence of infections, aggravated by late diagnosis, and often confused with other tropical diseases. Results/methodology: Oligonucleotide aptamers binding to the 5'-UTR from dengue virus selected after eight rounds by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technology were analyzed by dot-blot assay and in silico prediction of secondary structures, demonstrating the presence of stem-loops that may have the potential for interaction with the viral genome, which can lead to loss of their original conformation. CONCLUSION This is the first description of RNA aptamers against functional RNA elements of the dengue virus genome with implications for disease control, which may have potential as tools in the future of antiviral therapies and for diagnostics.
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Zou B, Chan WL, Ding M, Leong SY, Nilar S, Seah PG, Liu W, Karuna R, Blasco F, Yip A, Chao A, Susila A, Dong H, Wang QY, Xu HY, Chan K, Wan KF, Gu F, Diagana TT, Wagner T, Dix I, Shi PY, Smith PW. Lead optimization of spiropyrazolopyridones: a new and potent class of dengue virus inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:344-8. [PMID: 25878766 DOI: 10.1021/ml500521r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiropyrazolopyridone 1 was identified, as a novel dengue virus (DENV) inhibitor, from a DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) high-throughput phenotypic screen. As a general trend within this chemical class, chiral resolution of the racemate revealed that R enantiomer was significantly more potent than the S. Cell-based lead optimization of the spiropyrazolopyridones focusing on improving the physicochemical properties is described. As a result, an optimal compound 14a, with balanced in vitro potency and pharmacokinetic profile, achieved about 1.9 log viremia reduction at 3 × 50 mg/kg (bid) or 3 × 100 mg/kg (QD) oral doses in the dengue in vivo mouse efficacy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zou
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Wai Ling Chan
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Mei Ding
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Seh Yong Leong
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Shahul Nilar
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Peck Gee Seah
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Ratna Karuna
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Francesca Blasco
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Andy Yip
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Alex Chao
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Agatha Susila
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Hongping Dong
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Qing Yin Wang
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Hao Ying Xu
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Katherine Chan
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Kah Fei Wan
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Feng Gu
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Thierry T. Diagana
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Trixie Wagner
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Ina Dix
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Paul W. Smith
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670, Singapore
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