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Kahts M, Guo H, Kommidi H, Yang Y, Sayman HB, Summers B, Ting R, Zeevaart JR, Sathekge M, Aras O. 89Zr-leukocyte labelling for cell trafficking: in vitro and preclinical investigations. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:36. [PMID: 37930454 PMCID: PMC10628102 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-invasive imaging of leukocyte trafficking to assess inflammatory areas and monitor immunotherapy is currently generating great interest. There is a need to develop more robust cell labelling and imaging approaches to track living cells. Positron emission tomography (PET), a highly sensitive molecular imaging technique, allows precise signals to be produced from radiolabelled moieties. Here, we developed a novel leukocyte labelling approach with the PET radioisotope zirconium-89 (89Zr, half-life of 78.4 h). Experiments were carried out using human leukocytes, freshly isolated from whole human blood. RESULTS The 89Zr-leukocyte labelling efficiency ranged from 46 to 87% after 30-60 min. Radioactivity concentrations of labelled cells were up to 0.28 MBq/1 million cells. Systemically administered 89Zr-labelled leukocytes produced high-contrast murine PET images at 1 h-5 days post injection. Murine biodistribution data showed that cells primarily distributed to the lung, liver, and spleen at 1 h post injection, and are then gradually trafficked to liver and spleen over 5 days. Histological analysis demonstrated that exogenously 89Zr-labelled human leukocytes were present in the lung, liver, and spleen at 1 h post injection. However, intravenously injected free [89Zr]Zr4+ ion showed retention only in the bone with no radioactivity in the lung at 5 days post injection, which implied good stability of radiolabelled leukocytes in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents a stable and generic radiolabelling technique to track leukocytes with PET imaging and shows great potential for further applications in inflammatory cell and other types of cell trafficking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryke Kahts
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, 0208, South Africa.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Harikrishna Kommidi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yanping Yang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Haluk Burcak Sayman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34303, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beverley Summers
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, 0208, South Africa
| | - Richard Ting
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Radiochemistry, The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, Hartebeespoort, 0240, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- DST/NWU, Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Chavan V, Moon D, Ham C, Oh S, Park B, Bhoraskar V, Hong SW. Cross sections for natZr(n,xn)88Zr and natZr(n,xn)89Zr reactions at neutron energies from 29.4 to 42 MeV. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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3
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Electrochemical deposition of nickel from aqueous electrolytic baths prepared by dissolution of metallic powder. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-05084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA new method of preparation of aqueous electrolyte baths for electrochemical deposition of nickel targets for medical accelerators is presented. It starts with fast dissolution of metallic Ni powder in a HNO3-free solvent. Such obtained raw solution does not require additional treatment aimed to removal nitrates, such as the acid evaporation and Ni salt precipitation-dissolution. It is used directly for preparation of the nickel plating baths after dilution with water, setting up pH value and after possible addition of H3BO3. The pH of the baths ranges from alkaline to acidic. Deposition of 95% of ca. 50 mg of Ni dissolved in the bath takes ca. 3.5 h for the alkaline electrolyte while for the acidic solution it requires ca. 7 h. The Ni deposits obtained from the acidic bath are physically and chemically more stable and possess smoother and crack-free surfaces as compared to the coatings deposited from the alkaline bath. A method of estimation of concentration of H2O2 in the electrolytic bath is also proposed.
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4
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Sarcan ET, Silindir-Gunay M, Ozer AY, Hartman N. 89Zr as a promising radionuclide and it’s applications for effective cancer imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Sharma SK, Glaser JM, Edwards KJ, Sarbisheh EK, Salih AK, Lewis JS, Price EW. A Systematic Evaluation of Antibody Modification and 89Zr-Radiolabeling for Optimized Immuno-PET. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1177-1191. [PMID: 32197571 PMCID: PMC9423892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-PET using desferrioxamine (DFO)-conjugated zirconium-89 ([89Zr]Zr4+)-labeled antibodies is a powerful tool used for preclinical and clinical molecular imaging. However, a comprehensive study evaluating the variables involved in DFO-conjugation and 89Zr-radiolabeling of antibodies and their impact on the in vitro and in vivo behavior of the resulting radioimmunoconjugates has not been adequately performed. Here, we synthesized different DFO-conjugates of the HER2-targeting antibody (Ab)-trastuzumab, dubbed T5, T10, T20, T60, and T200-to indicate the molar equivalents of DFO used for bioconjugation. Next we radiolabeled the immunoconjugates with ([89Zr]Zr4+) under a comprehensive set of reaction conditions including different buffers (PBS, chelexed-PBS, TRIS/HCl, HEPES; ± radioprotectants), different reaction volumes (0.1-1 mL), variable amounts of DFO-conjugated Ab (5, 25, 50 μg), and radioactivity (0.2-1.0 mCi; 7.4-37 MBq). We evaluated the effects of these variables on radiochemical yield (RCY), molar activity (Am)/specific activity (As), immunoreactive fraction, and ultimately the in vivo biodistribution profile and tumor targeting ability of the trastuzumab radioimmunoconjugates. We show that increasing the degree of DFO conjugation to trastuzumab increased the RCY (∼90%) and Am/As (∼194 MBq/nmol; 35 mCi/mg) but decreased the HER2-binding affinity (3.5×-4.6×) and the immunoreactive fraction of trastuzumab down to 50-64%, which translated to dramatically inferior in vivo performance of the radioimmunoconjugate. Cell-based immunoreactivity assays and standard binding affinity analyses using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) did not predict the poor in vivo performance of the most extreme T200 conjugate. However, SPR-based concentration free calibration analysis yielded active antibody concentration and was predictive of the in vivo trends. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution studies in a HER2-positive xenograft model revealed activity concentrations of 38.7 ± 3.8 %ID/g in the tumor and 6.3 ± 4.1 %ID/g in the liver for ([89Zr]Zr4+)-T5 (∼1.4 ± 0.5 DFOs/Ab) at 120 h after injection of the radioimmunoconjugates. On the other hand, ([89Zr]Zr4+)-T200 (10.9 ± 0.7 DFOs/Ab) yielded 16.2 ± 3.2 %ID/g in the tumor versus 27.5 ± 4.1 %ID/g in the liver. Collectively, our findings suggest that synthesizing trastuzumab immunoconjugates bearing 1-3 DFOs per Ab (T5 and T10) combined with radiolabeling performed in low reaction volumes using Chelex treated PBS or HEPEs without a radioprotectant provided radioimmunoconjugates having high Am/As (97 MBq/nmol; 17.5 ± 2.2 mCi/mg), highly preserved immunoreactive fractions (86-93%), and favorable in vivo biodistribution profile with excellent tumor uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Glaser
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kimberly J. Edwards
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Akam K. Salih
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Eric W. Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N-5C9, Canada
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Mieszkowska M, Grdeń M. Electrochemical deposition of nickel targets from aqueous electrolytes for medical radioisotope production in accelerators: a review. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-04950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper reviews reported methods of the electrochemical deposition of nickel layers which are used as target materials for accelerator production of medical radioisotopes. The review focuses on the electrodeposition carried out from aqueous electrolytes. It describes the main challenges related to the preparation of suitable Ni target layers, such as work with limited amounts of expensive isotopically enriched nickel; electrodeposition of sufficiently thick, smooth and free of cracks layers; and recovery of unreacted Ni isotopes from the irradiated targets and from used electrolytic baths.
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Bolzati C, Duatti A. The emerging value of 64Cu for molecular imaging and therapy. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 64:329-337. [PMID: 33026210 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Along with other novel metallic radionuclides, copper-64 (64Cu) is currently being investigated as an alternative option to the gallium-68 (68Ga) and lutetium-177 (177Lu) radiopharmaceuticals widely used for targeting somatostatin receptors, expressed by neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and recently prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), expressed by prostate cancer cells. This interest is mostly driven by the peculiar nuclear properties of 64Cu that make it an almost ideal example of theranostic radionuclide. In fact, 64Cu emits both low-energy positrons, β- particles and a swarm of Auger electrons. This combination of different emissions may allow to collect high-resolution PET images, but also to use the same radiopharmaceutical for eliciting a therapeutic effect. Another unique behavior of 64Cu originates from the fundamental biological role played in organisms by the ionic forms of the copper element, which is naturally involved in a multitude of cellular processes including cell replication. These intrinsic biological characteristics has led to the discovery that 64Cu, under its simplest dicationic form Cu2+, is able to specifically target a variety of cancerous cells and to detect the onset of a metastatic process in its initial stage. This short review reports an outline of the status of 64Cu radiopharmaceuticals and of the most relevant results that are constantly disclosed by preclinical and investigational clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Duatti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy -
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8
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Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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9
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Toporivska Y, Gumienna-Kontecka E. The solution thermodynamic stability of desferrioxamine B (DFO) with Zr(IV). J Inorg Biochem 2019; 198:110753. [PMID: 31229836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine B (DFO, [H4L]+, ligand) is currently the preferred chelator for 89Zr(IV), however the biological studies suggest that it releases the metal ion in vivo. Herein, we present the solution thermodynamics of complexes formed between Zr(IV) and this hexadentate chelating agent, the data surprisingly not yet available in the literature. Several techniques including electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), potentiometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used to determine the stoichiometry and thermodynamic stability of complexes formed in solution over pH range 1-11, overcoming all the difficulties with the characterisation of the aqueous solution chemistry of Zr(IV) complexes, like strong hydrolysis and lack of spectral information. A model containing only mononuclear complexes, i.e. [ZrHL]2+ [ZrL]+, [ZrLH-1] throughout the entire measured pH range is proposed. The stability constants and pM (Zr(IV)) value determined for Zr(IV)-DFO system, place DFO among good Zr(IV) chelators, however the formation of 6-coordinate unsaturated complexes (i.e. with coordination sphere of 8-coordinate Zr(IV) completed by water molecules), together with the susceptibility of coordinated water molecule to deprotonation, are suggested to be the reason of in vivo instability of 89Zr(IV)-DFO complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Toporivska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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10
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Bhatt NB, Pandya DN, Rideout-Danner S, Gage HD, Marini FC, Wadas TJ. A comprehensively revised strategy that improves the specific activity and long-term stability of clinically relevant 89Zr-immuno-PET agents. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13214-13221. [PMID: 30178793 PMCID: PMC6192516 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01841c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zirconium-89 is currently being used in numerous clinical trials involving monoclonal antibodies and positron emission tomography. This report describes a revised strategy that reduces preparation time while increasing the specific activity of clinically relevant immuno-PET agents. Additionally, it demonstrates that n-acetyl-l-cysteine acts as a superior radioprotective agent that improves long-term stability without compromising antigen affinity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj B Bhatt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Darpan N Pandya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | | | - Howard D Gage
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Frank C Marini
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. and Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Thaddeus J Wadas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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11
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Aguilar-Ortíz E, Jalilian AR, Ávila-Rodríguez MA. Porphyrins as ligands for 64copper: background and trends. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1577-1588. [PMID: 30429966 PMCID: PMC6194497 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and 64Cu have emerged as a novel synergic option for applications in PET molecular imaging. Both the characteristics and photophysical properties of macrocyclic porphyrins and the relatively long half-life of the copper isotope, in addition to the increased tumor-specific uptake of porphyrins compared to normal cells, make this complex an attractive option not only for diagnosis but also for therapeutic applications. Herein, we present an overview of the latest results on the development of PET agents based on porphyrins and 64Cu, including methods used to improve the selectivity of these macrocycles when conjugated with biological units such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides or proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Aguilar-Ortíz
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón , División de Investigación , Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , 04510 Cd. Mx. , Mexico . ;
| | - Amir R Jalilian
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications , International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) , Vienna , Austria
| | - Miguel A Ávila-Rodríguez
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón , División de Investigación , Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , 04510 Cd. Mx. , Mexico . ;
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12
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Läppchen T, Kiefer Y, Holland JP, Bartholomä MD. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the bifunctional chelator NODIA-Me in combination with a prostate-specific membrane antigen targeting vector. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 60:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Optimized anion exchange column isolation of zirconium-89 (89Zr) from yttrium cyclotron target: Method development and implementation on an automated fluidic platform. J Chromatogr A 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Abstract
The interest in zirconium-89 (89Zr) as a positron-emitting radionuclide has grown considerably over the last decade due to its standardized production, long half-life of 78.2 h, favorable decay characteristics for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and its successful use in a variety of clinical and preclinical applications. However, to be utilized effectively in PET applications it must be stably bound to a targeting ligand, and the most successfully used 89Zr chelator is desferrioxamine B (DFO), which is commercially available as the iron chelator Desferal®. Despite the prevalence of DFO in 89Zr-immuno-PET applications, the development of new ligands for this radiometal is an active area of research. This review focuses on recent advances in zirconium-89 chelation chemistry and will highlight the rapidly expanding ligand classes that are under investigation as DFO alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj B Bhatt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Darpan N Pandya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Thaddeus J Wadas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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15
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Synowiecki MA, Perk LR, Nijsen JFW. Production of novel diagnostic radionuclides in small medical cyclotrons. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2018; 3:3. [PMID: 29503860 PMCID: PMC5824710 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-018-0038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global network of cyclotrons has expanded rapidly over the last decade. The bulk of its industrial potential is composed of small medical cyclotrons with a proton energy below 20 MeV for radionuclides production. This review focuses on the recent developments of novel medical radionuclides produced by cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 MeV to 20 MeV. The production of the following medical radionuclides will be described based on available literature sources: Tc-99 m, I-123, I-124, Zr-89, Cu-64, Ga-67, Ga-68, In-111, Y-86 and Sc-44. Remarkable developments in the production process have been observed in only some cases. More research is needed to make novel radionuclide cyclotron production available for the medical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Adam Synowiecki
- Radboudumc, Radboud Translational Medicine B.V, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 142), 6525EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Rutger Perk
- Radboudumc, Radboud Translational Medicine B.V, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 142), 6525EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Frank W. Nijsen
- Radboudumc, Dept. of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Langdon-Jones EE, Jones AB, Williams CF, Hayes AJ, Lloyd D, Mottram HJ, Pope SJA. Anticancer, Azonafide-Inspired Fluorescent Ligands and Their Rhenium(I) Complexes for Cellular Imaging. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariana B. Jones
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | - Catrin F. Williams
- School of Engineering; Cardiff University; CF24 3AA Cardiff UK
- School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | | | - David Lloyd
- School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | - Huw J. Mottram
- School of Pharmacy; Cardiff University; CF10 3NB Cardiff UK
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17
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Mastren T, Marquez BV, Sultan DE, Bollinger E, Eisenbeis P, Voller T, Lapi SE. Cyclotron Production of High-Specific Activity 55Co and In Vivo Evaluation of the Stability of 55Co Metal-Chelate-Peptide Complexes. Mol Imaging 2016; 14:526-33. [PMID: 26505224 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the production of high-specific activity 55Co and the evaluation of the stability of 55Co-metal-chelate-peptide complexes in vivo. 55Co was produced via the 58Ni(p,α)55Co reaction and purified using anion exchange chromatography with an average recovery of 92% and an average specific activity of 1.96 GBq/μmol. 55Co-DO3A and 55Co-NO2A peptide complexes were radiolabeled at 3.7 MBq/μg and injected into HCT-116 tumor xenografted mice. Positron emission tomography (PET) and biodistribution studies were performed at 24 and 48 hours postinjection and compared to those of 55CoCl2. Both 55Co-metal-chelate complexes demonstrated good in vivo stability by reducing the radiotracers' uptake in the liver by sixfold at 24 hours with ~ 1% ID/g and at 48 hours with ~ 0.5% ID/g and reducing uptake in the heart by fourfold at 24 hours with ~ 0.7% ID/g and sevenfold at 48 hours with ~ 0.35% ID/g. These results support the use of 55Co as a promising new radiotracer for PET imaging of cancer and other diseases.
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18
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Wooten AL, Lewis BC, Szatkowski DJ, Sultan DH, Abdin KI, Voller TF, Liu Y, Lapi SE. Calibration setting numbers for dose calibrators for the PET isotopes (52)Mn, (64)Cu, (76)Br, (86)Y, (89)Zr, (124)I. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 113:89-95. [PMID: 27152914 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
For PET radionuclides, the radioactivity of a sample can be conveniently measured by a dose calibrator. These devices depend on a "calibration setting number", but many recommended settings from manuals were interpolated based on standard sources of other radionuclide(s). We conducted HPGe gamma-ray spectroscopy, resulting in a reference for determining settings in two types of vessels containing one of several PET radionuclides. Our results reiterate the notion that in-house, experimental calibrations are recommended for different radionuclides and vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lake Wooten
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Campus Box 1097, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Benjamin C Lewis
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Physics, Washington University in Saint Louis, United States
| | - Daniel J Szatkowski
- Radiation Safety Office, Washington University in Saint Louis, Campus Box 8053, United States
| | - Deborah H Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Kinda I Abdin
- Radiation Safety Office, Washington University in Saint Louis, Campus Box 8053, United States
| | - Thomas F Voller
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Campus Box 1097, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Wallace Tumor Institute 310F, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Deri MA, Ponnala S, Kozlowski P, Burton-Pye BP, Cicek HT, Hu C, Lewis JS, Francesconi LC. p-SCN-Bn-HOPO: A Superior Bifunctional Chelator for (89)Zr ImmunoPET. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2579-91. [PMID: 26550847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zirconium-89 has an ideal half-life for use in antibody-based PET imaging; however, when used with the chelator DFO, there is an accumulation of radioactivity in the bone, suggesting that the (89)Zr(4+) cation is being released in vivo. Therefore, a more robust chelator for (89)Zr could reduce the in vivo release and the dose to nontarget tissues. Evaluation of the ligand 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO) demonstrated efficient binding of (89)Zr(4+) and high stability; therefore, we developed a bifunctional derivative, p-SCN-Bn-HOPO, for conjugation to an antibody. A Zr-HOPO crystal structure was obtained showing that the Zr is fully coordinated by the octadentate HOPO ligand, as expected, forming a stable complex. p-SCN-Bn-HOPO was synthesized through a novel pathway. Both p-SCN-Bn-HOPO and p-SCN-Bn-DFO were conjugated to trastuzumab and radiolabeled with (89)Zr. Both complexes labeled efficiently and achieved specific activities of approximately 2 mCi/mg. PET imaging studies in nude mice with BT474 tumors (n = 4) showed good tumor uptake for both compounds, but with a marked decrease in bone uptake for the (89)Zr-HOPO-trastuzumab images. Biodistribution data confirmed the lower bone activity, measuring 17.0%ID/g in the bone at 336 h for (89)Zr-DFO-trastuzumab while (89)Zr-HOPO-trastuzumab only had 2.4%ID/g. We successfully synthesized p-SCN-Bn-HOPO, a bifunctional derivative of 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO) as a potential chelator for (89)Zr. In vivo studies demonstrate the successful use of (89)Zr-HOPO-trastuzumab to image BT474 breast cancer with low background, good tumor to organ contrast, and, importantly, very low bone uptake. The reduced bone uptake seen with (89)Zr-HOPO-trastuzumab suggests superior stability of the (89)Zr-HOPO complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Deri
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 365 Fifth Ave, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Shashikanth Ponnala
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Paul Kozlowski
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Benjamin P Burton-Pye
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Huseyin T Cicek
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Lynn C Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 365 Fifth Ave, New York, New York 10016, United States
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20
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Niedermoser S, Chin J, Wängler C, Kostikov A, Bernard-Gauthier V, Vogler N, Soucy JP, McEwan AJ, Schirrmacher R, Wängler B. In Vivo Evaluation of ¹⁸F-SiFAlin-Modified TATE: A Potential Challenge for ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE, the Clinical Gold Standard for Somatostatin Receptor Imaging with PET. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1100-5. [PMID: 25977461 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.149583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Radiolabeled peptides for tumor imaging with PET that can be produced with kits are currently in the spotlight of radiopharmacy and nuclear medicine. The diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors in particular has been a prime example for the usefulness of peptides labeled with a variety of different radionuclides. Among those, (68)Ga and (18)F stand out because of the ease of radionuclide introduction (e.g., (68)Ga isotope) or optimal nuclide properties for PET imaging (slightly favoring the (18)F isotope). The in vivo properties of good manufacturing practice-compliant, newly developed kitlike-producible (18)F-SiFA- and (18)F-SiFAlin- (SiFA = silicon-fluoride acceptor) modified TATE derivatives were compared with the current clinical gold standard (68)Ga-DOTATATE for high-quality imaging of somatostatin receptor-bearing tumors. METHODS SiFA- and SiFAlin-derivatized somatostatin analogs were synthesized and radiolabeled using cartridge-based dried (18)F and purified via a C18 cartridge (radiochemical yield 49.8% ± 5.9% within 20-25 min) without high-performance liquid chromatography purification. Tracer lipophilicity and stability in human serum were tested in vitro. Competitive receptor binding affinity studies were performed using AR42J cells. The most promising tracers were evaluated in vivo in an AR42J xenograft mouse model by ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo PET/CT imaging studies for evaluation of their pharmacokinetic profiles, and the results were compared with those of the current clinical gold standard (68)Ga-DOTATATE. RESULTS Synthetically easily accessible (18)F-labeled silicon-fluoride acceptor-modified somatostatin analogs were developed. They exhibited high binding affinities to somatostatin receptor-positive tumor cells (1.88-14.82 nM). The most potent compound demonstrated comparable pharmacokinetics and an even slightly higher absolute tumor accumulation level in ex vivo biodistribution studies as well as higher tumor standardized uptake values in PET/CT imaging than (68)Ga-DOTATATE in vivo. The radioactivity uptake in nontumor tissue was higher than for (68)Ga-DOTATATE. CONCLUSION The introduction of the novel SiFA building block SiFAlin and of hydrophilic auxiliaries enables a favorable in vivo biodistribution profile of the modified TATE peptides, resulting in high tumor-to-background ratios although lower than those observed with (68)Ga-DOTATATE. As further advantage, the SiFA methodology enables a kitlike labeling procedure for (18)F-labeled peptides advantageous for routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Niedermoser
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joshua Chin
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Division of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexey Kostikov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nils Vogler
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; and
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Concordia-PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexander J McEwan
- Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Björn Wängler
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Zheleznyak A, Ikotun OF, Dimitry J, Frazier WA, Lapi SE. Imaging of CD47 expression in xenograft and allograft tumor models. Mol Imaging 2014; 12. [PMID: 24447619 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2013.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD47 functions as a marker of "self" by inhibiting phagocytosis of autologous cells. CD47 has been shown to be overexpressed by various tumor types as a means of escaping the antitumor immune response. The goal of this research was to investigate the utility of CD47 imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) in both human xenograft and murine allograft tumor models. Anti-CD47 antibodies were conjugated with p-isothiocyanatobenzyldesferrioxamine (Df-Bz-NCS) and labeled with 89Zr. We employed xenograft and allograft small-animal models of cancer in biodistribution and PET imaging studies to investigate the specificity and PET imaging robustness of CD47. Ab-Df-Bz-NCS conjugates were labeled with 89Zr with specific activity of 0.9 to 1.6 μCi/μg. Biodistribution studies in the xenograft and allograft model showed similar specific tumor uptake of the antihuman and antimouse CD47 antibodies. However, the tracer retention in the liver, spleen, and kidneys was significantly higher in the allograft-bearing animals, suggesting uptake mediated by the CD47 normally expressed throughout the reticular endothelial system. CD47, a marker of "self," was evaluated as a diagnostic PET biomarker in xenograft and allograft cancer animal models. CD47 imaging is feasible, warranting further studies and immunoPET tracer development.
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22
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Vugts DJ, van Dongen GAMS. (89)Zr-labeled compounds for PET imaging guided personalized therapy. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2014; 8:e53-61. [PMID: 24990263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
(89)Zr-immuno-PET is an attractive option for the in vivo evaluation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). For the coupling of (89)Zr to monoclonal antibodies several conjugation strategies are available all using desferrioxamine as chelate. Here we discuss the production of (89)Zr, the available methods for coupling of (89)Zr via desferrioxamine to mAbs, and the evaluation of (89)Zr-mAb conjugates in preclinical and clinical studies.:
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Vugts
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Guus A M S van Dongen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Deri MA, Ponnala S, Zeglis BM, Pohl G, Dannenberg JJ, Lewis JS, Francesconi LC. Alternative chelator for ⁸⁹Zr radiopharmaceuticals: radiolabeling and evaluation of 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO). J Med Chem 2014; 57:4849-60. [PMID: 24814511 PMCID: PMC4059252 DOI: 10.1021/jm500389b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Zirconium-89 is an effective radionuclide
for antibody-based positron
emission tomography (PET) imaging because its physical half-life (78.41
h) matches the biological half-life of IgG antibodies. Desferrioxamine
(DFO) is currently the preferred chelator for 89Zr4+; however, accumulation of 89Zr in the bones of
mice suggests that 89Zr4+ is released from DFO
in vivo. An improved chelator for 89Zr4+ could eliminate the release of osteophilic 89Zr4+ and lead to a safer PET tracer with reduced
background radiation dose. Herein, we present an octadentate chelator
3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO) (or HOPO) as a potentially superior alternative
to DFO. The HOPO ligand formed a 1:1 Zr-HOPO complex that was evaluated
experimentally and theoretically. The stability of 89Zr-HOPO
matched or surpassed that of 89Zr-DFO in every experiment.
In healthy mice, 89Zr-HOPO cleared the body rapidly with
no signs of demetalation. Ultimately, HOPO has the potential to replace
DFO as the chelator of choice for 89Zr-based PET imaging
agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Deri
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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24
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Hoehr C, Oehlke E, Benard F, Lee CJ, Hou X, Badesso B, Ferguson S, Miao Q, Yang H, Buckley K, Hanemaayer V, Zeisler S, Ruth T, Celler A, Schaffer P. 44gSc production using a water target on a 13MeV cyclotron. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:401-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Development of Single Vial Kits for Preparation of 68Ga-Labelled Peptides for PET Imaging of Neuroendocrine Tumours. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 16:550-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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26
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Price EW, Zeglis BM, Lewis JS, Adam MJ, Orvig C. H6phospa-trastuzumab: bifunctional methylenephosphonate-based chelator with 89Zr, 111In and 177Lu. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:119-31. [PMID: 24104523 PMCID: PMC3872121 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51940f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The acyclic chelator H6phospa and the bifunctional derivative p-SCN-Bn-H6phospa have been synthesized using nosyl protection chemistry and evaluated with (89)Zr, (111)In, and (177)Lu. The p-SCN-Bn-H6phospa derivative was successfully conjugated to trastuzumab with isotopic dilution assays indicating 3.3 ± 0.1 chelates per antibody and in vitro cellular binding assays indicating an immunoreactivity value of 97.9 ± 2.6%. Radiolabeling of the H6phospa-trastuzumab immunoconjugate was achieved with (111)In in 70-90% yields at room temperature in 30 minutes, while (177)Lu under the same conditions produced more inconsistent yields of 40-80%. Stability experiments in human serum revealed the (111)In-phospa-trastuzumab complex to be 52.0 ± 5.3% intact after 5 days at 37 °C, while the (177)Lu-phospa-trastuzumab to be only 2.0 ± 0.3% intact. Small animal SPECT/CT imaging using mice bearing subcutaneous SKOV-3 ovarian cancer xenografts was performed, and it was found that (111)In-phospa-trastuzumab successfully identified and delineated small (~2 mm in diameter) tumors from surrounding tissues, despite visible uptake in the kidneys and bone due to moderate chelate instability. As predicted from stability assays in serum, the (177)Lu-phospa-trastuzumab conjugate served as a negative control and displayed no tumor uptake, with high uptake in bones indicating rapid and complete radiometal dissociation and suggesting a potential application of H6phospa in transient lanthanide chelation for bone-delivery. Radiolabeling with (89)Zr was attempted, but even with elevated temperatures of 37 °C, the maximum observed radiometal incorporation over 18 hours was 12%. It can be concluded from this work that H6phospa is not superior to the previously studied H4octapa for use with (111)In and (177)Lu, but improvements in (89)Zr radiolabeling were observed over H4octapa, suggesting H6phospa to be an excellent starting point for elaboration of (89)Zr-based radiopharmaceutical development. To our knowledge, H6phospa is the best desferrioxamine alternative for (89)Zr radiolabeling to be studied to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W. Price
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of
Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1. Telephone: (604) 822-4449. Fax: (604) 822-2847
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada, V6T 2A3. Telephone: (604) 222-7527. Fax: (604) 222-1074
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Memorial
Hospital, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York, 10065, United States. Telephone:
(646) 888-3038
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Memorial
Hospital, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York, 10065, United States. Telephone:
(646) 888-3038
| | - Michael J. Adam
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada, V6T 2A3. Telephone: (604) 222-7527. Fax: (604) 222-1074
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of
Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1. Telephone: (604) 822-4449. Fax: (604) 822-2847
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28
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Zeng D, Anderson CJ. Production and Purification of Metal Radionuclides for PET Imaging of Disease. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2013.800402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chang AJ, Sohn R, Lu ZH, Arbeit JM, Lapi SE. Detection of rapalog-mediated therapeutic response in renal cancer xenografts using ⁶⁴Cu-bevacizumab immunoPET. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58949. [PMID: 23516584 PMCID: PMC3597567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of neovascularization for primary and metastatic tumor growth fostered numerous clinical trials of angiogenesis inhibitors either alone or in combination with conventional antineoplastic therapies. One challenge with the use of molecularly targeted agents has been the disconnection between size reduction and tumor biologic behavior, either when the drug is efficacious or when tumor resistance emerges. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of (64)Cu-NOTA-bevacizumab as a PET imaging agent for imaging intratumoral VEGF content in vivo. (64)Cu-NOTA-bevacizumab avidly accumulated in 786-O renal carcinoma xenografts with lower levels in host organs. RAD001 (everolimus) markedly attenuated (64)Cu-NOTA-bevacizumab accumulation within 786-O renal carcinoma xenografts. Tumor tissue and cellular molecular analysis validated PET imaging, demonstrating decreases in total and secreted VEGF content and VEGFR2 activation. Notably, (64)Cu-NOTA-bevacizumab PET imaging was concordant with the growth arrest of RAD001 tumors. These data suggest that immunoPET targeting of angiogenic factors such as VEGF could be a new class of surrogate markers complementing the RECIST criteria in patients receiving molecularly targeted therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Bevacizumab
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Copper Radioisotopes
- Everolimus
- Heterocyclic Compounds/chemistry
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates
- Kidney Neoplasms/blood supply
- Kidney Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/therapy
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Sirolimus/analogs & derivatives
- Sirolimus/chemistry
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- Treatment Outcome
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J. Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Sohn
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zhi Hong Lu
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Arbeit
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SEL); (JMA)
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SEL); (JMA)
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30
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Hicks RJ, Hofman MS. Is there still a role for SPECT-CT in oncology in the PET-CT era? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2012; 9:712-20. [PMID: 23149896 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For the evaluation of biological processes using radioisotopes, there are two competing technologies: single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Both are tomographic techniques that enable 3D localization and can be combined with CT for hybrid imaging. PET-CT has clear technical superiority including superior resolution, speed and quantitative capability. SPECT-CT currently has greater accessibility, lower cost and availability of a wider range of approved radiotracers. However, the past decade has seen dramatic growth in PET-CT with decreasing costs and development of an increasing array of PET tracers that can substitute existing SPECT applications. PET-CT is also changing the paradigm of imaging from lesion measurement to lesion characterization and target quantification, supporting a new era of personalized cancer therapy. The efficiency and cost savings associated with improved diagnosis and clinical decision-making provided by PET-CT make a cogent argument for it becoming the dominant molecular technique in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney J Hicks
- University of Melbourne, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrew's Place, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.
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31
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Deri MA, Zeglis BM, Francesconi LC, Lewis JS. PET imaging with ⁸⁹Zr: from radiochemistry to the clinic. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 40:3-14. [PMID: 22998840 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The advent of antibody-based cancer therapeutics has led to the concomitant rise in the development of companion diagnostics for these therapies, particularly nuclear imaging agents. A number of radioisotopes have been employed for antibody-based PET and SPECT imaging, notably ⁶⁴Cu, ¹²⁴I, ¹¹¹In, and (99m)Tc; in recent years, however, the field has increasingly focused on ⁸⁹Zr, a radiometal with near ideal physical and chemical properties for immunoPET imaging. In the review at hand, we seek to provide a comprehensive portrait of the current state of ⁸⁹Zr radiochemical and imaging research, including work into the production and purification of the isotope, the synthesis of new chelators, the development of new bioconjugation strategies, the creation of novel ⁸⁹Zr-based agents for preclinical imaging studies, and the translation of ⁸⁹Zr-labeled radiopharmaceuticals to the clinic. Particular attention will also be dedicated to emerging trends in the field, ⁸⁹Zr-based imaging applications using vectors other than antibodies, the comparative advantages and limitations of ⁸⁹Zr-based imaging compared to that with other isotopes, and areas that would benefit from more extensive investigation. At bottom, it is hoped that this review will provide both the experienced investigator and new scientist with a full and critical overview of this exciting and fast-developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Deri
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Kim YS, Nwe K, Milenic DE, Brechbiel MW, Satz S, Baidoo KE. Synthesis and characterization of αvβ₃-targeting peptidomimetic chelate conjugates for PET and SPECT imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5517-22. [PMID: 22853992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in small peptidomimetic α(v)β(3) integrin antagonists that are readily synthesized and characterized and can be easily handled using physiological conditions. Peptidomimetic 4-[2-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-ylamino)ethyloxy]benzoyl-2-[N-(3-amino-neopenta-1-carbamyl)]-aminoethylsulfonyl-amino-β-alanine (IAC) was successfully conjugated to 1-(1-carboxy-3-carbo-t-butoxypropyl)-4,7-(carbo-tert-butoxymethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (NODA-GA(tBu)(3)) and 1-(1-carboxy-3-carbotertbutoxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DOTA-GA(tBu)(4)) and radiolabeled with (111)In, (67)Ga and (203)Pb. Results of a radioimmunoassay demonstrated binding to purified α(v)β(3) integrin when 1-4equiv of integrin were added to the reaction. Based on this promising result, investigations are moving forward to evaluate the NODA-GA-IAC and DOTA-GA-IAC conjugates for targeting tumor associated angiogenesis and α(v)β(3) integrin positive tumors to define their PET and SPECT imaging qualities as well as their potential for delivery of therapeutic radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seung Kim
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, ROB, NCI, NIH, 10 Center Drive, MSC-1002, Rm B3B69, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA
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Bartholomä MD. Recent developments in the design of bifunctional chelators for metal-based radiopharmaceuticals used in Positron Emission Tomography. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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