1
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Arojojoye AS, Walker B, Dewahare JC, Afrifa MAO, Parkin S, Awuah SG. Circumventing Physicochemical Barriers of Cyclometalated Gold(III) Dithiocarbamate Complexes with Protein-Based Nanoparticle Delivery to Enhance Anticancer Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43607-43620. [PMID: 37698293 PMCID: PMC11264193 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the bioavailability of drug candidates is crucial to successful drug development campaigns, especially for metal-derived chemotherapeutic agents. Nanoparticle delivery strategies can be deployed to overcome physicochemical limitations associated with drugs to improve bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and minimize toxicity. Biodegradable albumin nanoconstructs offer pragmatic solutions for drug delivery of metallodrugs with translational benefits in the clinic. In this work, we explored a logical approach to investigate and resolve the physicochemical drawbacks of gold(III) complexes with albumin nanoparticle delivery to improve solubility, enhance intracellular accumulation, circumvent premature deactivation, and enhance anticancer activity. We synthesized and characterized stable gold(III) dithiocarbamate complexes with a variable degree of cyclometalation such as phenylpyridine (C^N) or biphenyl (C^C) Au(III) framework and different alkyl chain lengths. We noted that extended alkyl chain lengths impaired the solubility of these complexes in biological media, thus adversely impacting potency. Encapsulation of these complexes in bovine serum albumin (BSA) reversed solubility limitations and improved cancer cytotoxicity by ∼25-fold. Further speciation and mechanism of action studies demonstrate the stability of the compounds and alteration of mitochondria bioenergetics, respectively. We postulate that this nanodelivery strategy is a relevant approach for translational small-molecule gold drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Breyanna Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506, USA.
| | - James C. Dewahare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506, USA.
| | | | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506, USA.
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506, USA.
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40536
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2
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Njenga LW, Mbugua SN, Odhiambo RA, Onani MO. Addressing the gaps in homeostatic mechanisms of copper and copper dithiocarbamate complexes in cancer therapy: a shift from classical platinum-drug mechanisms. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:5823-5847. [PMID: 37021641 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00366c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The platinum drug, cisplatin, is considered as among the most successful medications in cancer treatment. However, due to its inherent toxicity and resistance limitations, research into other metal-based non-platinum anticancer medications with diverse mechanisms of action remains an active field. In this regard, copper complexes feature among non-platinum compounds which have shown promising potential as effective anticancer drugs. Moreover, the interesting discovery that cancer cells can alter their copper homeostatic processes to develop resistance to platinum-based treatments leads to suggestions that some copper compounds can indeed re-sensitize cancer cells to these drugs. In this work, we review copper and copper complexes bearing dithiocarbamate ligands which have shown promising results as anticancer agents. Dithiocarbamate ligands act as effective ionophores to convey the complexes of interest into cells thereby influencing the metal homeostatic balance and inducing apoptosis through various mechanisms. We focus on copper homeostasis in mammalian cells and on our current understanding of copper dysregulation in cancer and recent therapeutic breakthroughs using copper coordination complexes as anticancer drugs. We also discuss the molecular foundation of the mechanisms underlying their anticancer action. The opportunities that exist in research for these compounds and their potential as anticancer agents, especially when coupled with ligands such as dithiocarbamates, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia W Njenga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Simon N Mbugua
- Department of Chemistry, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408-40200, Kisii, Kenya
| | - Ruth A Odhiambo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Martin O Onani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Belville, 7535, South Africa
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3
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Milutinović MG, Milivojević NN, Đorđević NM, Nikodijević DD, Radisavljević SR, Đeković Kesić AS, Marković SD. Gold(III) Complexes with Phenanthroline-derivatives Ligands Induce Apoptosis in Human Colorectal and Breast Cancer Cell Lines. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3215-3223. [PMID: 36162493 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to their promising effects, gold(III) complexes recently drew increasing attention in the design of new metal-based anticancer therapeutics. Two gold(III) complexes, square-planar [Au(DPP)Cl2]+ - Complex 1 and distorted square-pyramidal [Au(DMP)Cl3] - Complex 2 (where DPP=4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline and DMP=2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) were previously synthetized, described and approved as complexes with pronounced cytotoxic effects on colorectal HCT-116 and breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. This study investigated the type of cell death by AO/EB double staining, and identification of possible targets responsible for their cytotoxicity, monitored by immunofluorescence and qPCR methods. Both complexes induced apoptosis in all applied concentrations. In the HCT-116 cells apoptosis was activated by external apoptotic pathway, via increase of Fas receptor protein expression and Caspase 8 gene expression. Also, the mitochondrial pathway was triggered by affecting the Bcl-2 members of regulatory proteins and increased caspase 9 protein expression. In MDA-MB-231 cells, apoptosis was initiated from the mitochondria, due to disbalance between expressions of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and caspase 9 activation. Complex 1 shows better activity compared to Complex 2, which is in accordance with its structural characteristics. The results deal weighty data about proapoptotic activity of gold(III) complexes and highlighted potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena G Milutinović
- University of Kragujevac, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Nevena N Milivojević
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Natural Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena M Đorđević
- University of Kragujevac, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela D Nikodijević
- University of Kragujevac, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snežana R Radisavljević
- University of Kragujevac, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ana S Đeković Kesić
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Natural Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snežana D Marković
- University of Kragujevac, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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4
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Sulfonamide-Derived Dithiocarbamate Gold(I) Complexes Induce the Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells by the Activation of Caspase 3 and Redox Imbalance. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061437. [PMID: 35740458 PMCID: PMC9221018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new families of dithiocarbamate gold(I) complexes derived from benzenesulfonamide with phosphine or carbene as ancillary ligands have been synthesized and characterized. In the screening of their in vitro activity on human colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2), we found that the more lipophilic complexes—those with the phosphine PPh3—exhibited the highest anticancer activity whilst also displaying significant cancer cell selectivity. [Au(S2CNHSO2C6H5)(PPh3)] (1) and [Au(S2CNHSO2-p-Me-C6H4)(IMePropargyl)] (8) produce cell death, probably by intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondrial membrane potential modification) and caspase 3 activation, causing cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase with p53 activation. Besides this, both complexes might act as multi-target anticancer drugs, as they inhibit the activity of the enzymes thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and carbonic anhydrase (CA IX) with the alteration of the redox balance, and show a pro-oxidant effect.
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5
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Fotopoulou E, Titilas I, Ronconi L. Metallodrugs as Anticancer Chemotherapeutics and Diagnostic Agents: A Critical Patent Review (2010-2020). Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:42-54. [PMID: 34493191 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210907101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of metallodrugs with potential applications in cancer treatment and diagnosis has been a hot topic since the approval and subsequent marketing of the anticancer drug cisplatin in 1978. Since then, thousands of metal-based derivatives have been reported and evaluated for their chemotherapeutic or tumor imaging properties, but only a very limited number gained clinical status. Nonetheless, research in the field has been increasing exponentially over the years, especially in a view to exploiting novel drug designing approaches and strategies aimed at improving pharmacological outcomes and, at the same time, reducing side-effects. OBJECTIVE This review article reports on the patents filed during the last decade and strictly focusing on the development of metal-based anticancer and diagnostic agents. The goal is to identify the latest trends and designing strategies in the field, which would represent a valuable starting point to researchers interested in the development of metallodrugs. METHODS The most relevant patents filed in the 2010-2020 timeframe have been retrieved from various databases using dedicated search engines (such as SciFinder, Google Patents, PatentPak, Espacenet, Global Dossier, PatentScope), sorted by type of metallodrug and screened to include those reporting a substantial amount of biological data. RESULTS The majority of patents here reviewed are concerned with metallodrugs (mostly platinum-based) showing interesting pharmacological properties but no specific tumor-targeting features. Nonetheless, some promising trends in the development of novel drug delivery strategies and/or metallodrugs with potential applications in targeted chemotherapy are envisaged. CONCLUSION In this review, the latest trends in the development of metallodrugs from recent patents are summarized and critically discussed. Such trends would be of interest not only to the scientific community but also to lay audiences aiming to broaden their knowledge of the field and industrial stakeholders potentially interested in the exploitation and commercialization of this class of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Fotopoulou
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33. Ireland
| | - Ioannis Titilas
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33. Ireland
| | - Luca Ronconi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33. Ireland
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6
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Pettenuzzo A, Vezzù K, Di Paolo ML, Fotopoulou E, Marchiò L, Via LD, Ronconi L. Design, physico-chemical characterization and in vitro biological activity of organogold(III) glycoconjugates. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8963-8979. [PMID: 34110336 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To develop new metal-based glycoconjugates as potential anticancer agents, four organometallic gold(iii)-dithiocarbamato glycoconjugates of the type [AuIII(2-Bnpy)(SSC-Inp-GlcN)](PF6) (2-Bnpy: 2-benzylpyridine; Inp: isonipecotic moiety; GlcN: amino-glucose scaffold; Au3-Au6) and the corresponding model non-glycosylated counterparts [AuIII(2-Bnpy)(SSC-Inp-R)](PF6) (R: OEt (Au1), NH2 (Au2)) have been generated and characterized by means of several analytical techniques (elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-/13C-NMR, ESI-MS, UV-Vis, X-ray crystallography). Their stability under physiologically-relevant conditions (PBS solution) and n-octanol/PBS distribution coefficient (D7.4) have also been evaluated. Gold(iii) glycoconjugates showed an antiproliferative effect against ovarian carcinoma A2780 cells, with GI50 values in the low micromolar range. Remarkably, their cell growth inhibitory effect increases upon the addition of a glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitor, thus ruling out the involvement of GLUT1 in their transport inside the cell. Additional mechanistic studies have been carried out in A2780 cells, supporting the hypothesis of a facilitated diffusion mechanism (possibly mediated by glucose transporters other than GLUT1), and revealing their capability to act as topoisomerase I and II inhibitors and to disrupt mitochondrial membrane integrity, leading to the generation of ROS, thus resulting in the promotion of oxidative stress and, eventually, cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pettenuzzo
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Chemistry, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland.
| | - Keti Vezzù
- University of Padova, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Paolo
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Eirini Fotopoulou
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Chemistry, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland.
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Luca Ronconi
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Chemistry, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland.
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7
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Landini I, Massai L, Cirri D, Gamberi T, Paoli P, Messori L, Mini E, Nobili S. Structure-activity relationships in a series of auranofin analogues showing remarkable antiproliferative properties. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 208:111079. [PMID: 32497830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The antiproliferative properties of a series of structurally-related gold(I) and silver(I) linear complexes inspired to the clinically established gold-based drug auranofin were investigated in A2780 ovarian cancer cells and in their auranofin (A2780/AF-R) and cisplatin (A2780/CDDP-R) resistant counterparts. In A2780 cells and in the cisplatin-resistant subline, gold-based analogues manifested a cytotoxicity profile comparable or superior to auranofin, while the silver-based analogues were less active; both gold and silver complexes overcame cisplatin resistance. Yet, a high degree of cross resistance toward gold analogues was noticed in A2780/AF-R cells. In the same cell line cross-resistance for silver analogues was also observed, though lower. All metal complexes were scrutinized for their ability to inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), the putative primary target for auranofin: overall, gold compounds were more potent TrxR inhibitors than the corresponding silver compounds, probably, as the consequence of the stronger binding of gold to the active site selenocysteine residue. These results highlight that the thiosugar ligand of auranofin is not essential for cytotoxicity while the nature of the metal center (gold/silver) plays a relevant role in its modulation. In addition, a rather clear correlation was found between cytotoxic potency of tested compounds and their ability to inhibit TrxR activity, being gold compounds more effective than silver analogues. However, the residual TrxR activity, measured in A2780 cells treated with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of various metal complexes, resulted far higher than expected. These results suggest that additional cytotoxic mechanisms must be operative. The implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Landini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lara Massai
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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8
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Adokoh CK. Therapeutic potential of dithiocarbamate supported gold compounds. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2975-2988. [PMID: 35496096 PMCID: PMC9048446 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09682e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysotherapy or aurotherapy, the use of gold as medicine, is two thousand years old. Hitherto, numerous diverse gold stabilizing ligands for instance vitamins, pyridine, phosphines, naphthylamine and xanthanes have been developed and their 'chelating effect' in addition to their anti-proliferative properties have been extensively studied. Recent advances in the field of bioinorganic chemistry have led to the design of biologically relevant metal complexes with appropriate fine-tuned ligands such as metallic conjugates of dithiocarbamates (DTCs). DTC compounds have been recognised to possess diverse applications and have demonstrated interesting biological properties. For instance, the chemoprotective and antitumour properties of gold metal ions and DTC compounds respectively, presents an innovative and effective approach to cancer management. This review presents therefore the therapeutic potential of DTC ligand systems as a support for gold compounds. The importance of dithiocarbamate supported gold compounds as potential therapeutic agents is highlighted with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of gold(iii) and gold(i) dithiocarbamate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Adokoh
- Department of Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
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9
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Brustolin L, Pettenuzzo N, Nardon C, Quarta S, Marchiò L, Biondi B, Pontisso P, Fregona D. Au(iii)-Proline derivatives exhibiting selective antiproliferative activity against HepG2/SB3 apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16017-16025. [PMID: 31599279 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03036k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the combination of a proline-based moiety with biologically active gold centers in the oxidation states +1 and +3. In particular, six Au(i)/(iii)-proline dithiocarbamato (DTC) complexes with general formulae [Au(DTC)2] and [AuIIIX2(DTC)] (X = Cl, Br) are reported here. After the synthesis of the ligand and the complexes, all derivatives were characterized via several techniques and tested for their stability in DMSO/water media. This study was focused on the demonstration of a peculiar behavior of Au(iii)-DTC species in solution. Finally, the complexes were screened for their antiproliferative activity against 2 human cancer cell lines, namely HepG2 and HepG2/SB3, taken as models of hepatocellular carcinoma. The latter, chosen for its aggressiveness due to the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein SerpinB3, was selectively inhibited in terms of growth by some Au(iii)-DTC complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brustolin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy. and Department of Surgical, Oncologic and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - N Pettenuzzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy. and Department of Surgical, Oncologic and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - C Nardon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - S Quarta
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - L Marchiò
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A - 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - B Biondi
- CNR, Padova Unit, Inst Biomol Chem, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padua, Italy
| | - P Pontisso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - D Fregona
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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10
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Altaf M, Casagrande N, Mariotto E, Baig N, Kawde AN, Corona G, Larcher R, Borghese C, Pavan C, Seliman AA, Aldinucci D, Isab AA. Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity of New Bipyridine and Bipyrimidine Gold (III) Dithiocarbamate Derivatives. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040474. [PMID: 30987271 PMCID: PMC6521029 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized eight new bipyridine and bipyrimidine gold (III) dithiocarbamate-containing complexes (C1-C8) and tested them in a panel of human cancer cell lines. We used osteosarcoma (MG-63), lung (A549), prostate (PC3 and DU145), breast (MCF-7), ovarian (A2780 and A2780cis, cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant), and cervical (ME-180 and R-ME-180, cisplatin resistant) cancer cell lines. We found that C2, C3, C6, and C7 were more cytotoxic than cisplatin in all cell lines tested and overcame cisplatin and doxorubicin resistance in A2780cis and R-ME-180 cells. In the PC3 prostate cancer cell line, the gold (III) complex C6 ([Au₂(BPM)(DMDTC)₂]Cl₄) induced apoptosis and double-stranded DNA breaks, modified cell cycle phases, increased Reactive Oxigen Species (ROS) generation, and reduced thioredoxin reductase and proteasome activities. It inhibited PC3 cell migration and was more cytotoxic against PC3 cells than normal human adipose-derived stromal cells. In mice bearing PC3 tumor xenografts, C6 reduced tumor growth by more than 70% without causing weight loss. Altogether, our results demonstrate the anticancer activity of these new gold (III) complexes and support the potential of C6 as a new agent for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Naike Casagrande
- Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Elena Mariotto
- Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Nadeem Baig
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdel-Nasser Kawde
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Center for Technological Transfer, Edmund Mach Foundation, 38010 Trento, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Borghese
- Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Claudia Pavan
- Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Adam A Seliman
- Lab Technical Support Office (LTSO), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Anvarhusein A Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Abstract
Background:
Since the serendipitous discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin
there has been a continuous surge in studies aimed at the development of new cytotoxic
metal complexes. While the majority of these complexes have been designed to interact with
nuclear DNA, other targets for anticancer metallodrugs attract increasing interest. In cancer
cells the mitochondrial metabolism is deregulated. Impaired apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth
signals and unlimited proliferation have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It
is therefore not surprising that mitochondria have emerged as a major target for cancer therapy.
Mitochondria-targeting agents are able to bypass resistance mechanisms and to (re-) activate
cell-death programs.
Methods:
Web-based literature searching tools such as SciFinder were used to search for reports
on cytotoxic metal complexes that are taken up by the mitochondria and interact with
mitochondrial DNA or mitochondrial proteins, disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential,
facilitate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization or activate mitochondria-dependent celldeath
signaling by unbalancing the cellular redox state. Included in the search were publications
investigating strategies to selectively accumulate metallodrugs in the mitochondria.
Results:
This review includes 241 references on antimitochondrial metal complexes, the use
of mitochondria-targeting carrier ligands and the formation of lipophilic cationic complexes.
Conclusion:
Recent developments in the design, cytotoxic potency, and mechanistic understanding
of antimitochondrial metal complexes, in particular of cyclometalated Au, Ru, Ir and
Pt complexes, Ru polypyridine complexes and Au-N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine
complexes are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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12
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Ostrovskaya LA, Korman DB, Burmiy JP, Kuzmin VA, Bluhterova NV, Fomina MM, Rikova VA, Guliev RR, Abzaeva KA. An Experimental Study of the Pharmacokinetics of the Antitumor Drug Aurumacryl. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Zhang J, Zhang B, Li X, Han X, Liu R, Fang J. Small molecule inhibitors of mammalian thioredoxin reductase as potential anticancer agents: An update. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:5-39. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
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14
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Altaf M, Monim-Ul-Mehboob M, Kawde AN, Corona G, Larcher R, Ogasawara M, Casagrande N, Celegato M, Borghese C, Siddik ZH, Aldinucci D, Isab AA. New bipyridine gold(III) dithiocarbamate-containing complexes exerted a potent anticancer activity against cisplatin-resistant cancer cells independent of p53 status. Oncotarget 2018; 8:490-505. [PMID: 27888799 PMCID: PMC5341752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized, characterized and tested in a panel of cancer cell lines, nine new bipyridine gold(III) dithiocarbamate-containing complexes. In vitro studies demonstrated that compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 were the most cytotoxic in prostate, breast, ovarian cancer cell lines and in Hodgkin lymphoma cells with IC50 values lower than the reference drug cisplatin. The most active compound 1 was more active than cisplatin in ovarian (A2780cis and 2780CP-16) and breast cancer cisplatin-resistant cells. Compound 1 determined an alteration of the cellular redox homeostasis leading to increased ROS levels, a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome-c release from the mitochondria and activation of caspases 9 and 3. The ROS scavenger NAC suppressed ROS generation and rescued cells from damage. Compound 1 resulted more active in tumor cells than in normal human Mesenchymal stromal cells. Gold compounds were active independent of p53 status: exerted cytotoxic effects on a panel of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines with different p53 status and in the ovarian A2780 model where the p53 was knocked out. In conclusion, these promising results strongly indicate the need for further preclinical evaluation to test the clinical potential of these new gold(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Altaf
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdel-Nasser Kawde
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Center for Technological Transfer, Edmund Mach Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | - Marcia Ogasawara
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Naike Casagrande
- Department of Experimental Oncology 2, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Marta Celegato
- Department of Experimental Oncology 2, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Cinzia Borghese
- Department of Experimental Oncology 2, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Zahid H Siddik
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology 2, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Anvarhusein A Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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