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Montiel-Dávalos A, Ayala Y, Hernández G. The dark side of mRNA translation and the translation machinery in glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1086964. [PMID: 36994107 PMCID: PMC10042294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1086964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different types of cancer affecting the central nervous system (CNS), glioblastoma (GB) is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most common and aggressive CNS cancer in adults. GB incidence is more frequent among persons aged 45–55 years old. GB treatments are based on tumor resection, radiation, and chemotherapies. The current development of novel molecular biomarkers (MB) has led to a more accurate prediction of GB progression. Moreover, clinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies have established genetic variants consistently associated with the risk of suffering GB. However, despite the advances in these fields, the survival expectancy of GB patients is still shorter than 2 years. Thus, fundamental processes inducing tumor onset and progression remain to be elucidated. In recent years, mRNA translation has been in the spotlight, as its dysregulation is emerging as a key cause of GB. In particular, the initiation phase of translation is most involved in this process. Among the crucial events, the machinery performing this phase undergoes a reconfiguration under the hypoxic conditions in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, ribosomal proteins (RPs) have been reported to play translation-independent roles in GB development. This review focuses on the research elucidating the tight relationship between translation initiation, the translation machinery, and GB. We also summarize the state-of-the-art drugs targeting the translation machinery to improve patients’ survival. Overall, the recent advances in this field are shedding new light on the dark side of translation in GB.
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Multi-Target In Silico Prediction of Inhibitors for Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Interacting Kinases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111670. [PMID: 34827668 PMCID: PMC8615736 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitors of two isoforms of mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases (i.e., MNK-1 and MNK-2) are implicated in the treatment of a number of diseases including cancer. This work reports, for the first time, a multi-target (or multi-tasking) in silico modeling approach (mt-QSAR) for probing the inhibitory potential of these isoforms against MNKs. Linear and non-linear mt-QSAR classification models were set up from a large dataset of 1892 chemicals tested under a variety of assay conditions, based on the Box–Jenkins moving average approach, along with a range of feature selection algorithms and machine learning tools, out of which the most predictive one (>90% overall accuracy) was used for mechanistic interpretation of the likely inhibition of MNK-1 and MNK-2. Considering that the latter model is suitable for virtual screening of chemical libraries—i.e., commercial, non-commercial and in-house sets, it was made publicly accessible as a ready-to-use FLASK-based application. Additionally, this work employed a focused kinase library for virtual screening using an mt-QSAR model. The virtual hits identified in this process were further filtered by using a similarity search, in silico prediction of drug-likeness, and ADME profiles as well as synthetic accessibility tools. Finally, molecular dynamic simulations were carried out to identify and select the most promising virtual hits. The information gathered from this work can supply important guidelines for the discovery of novel MNK-1/2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents.
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Han Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Li B, Xing K, Shi Y, Cao H, Zhang J, Tong T, Zang J, Guan L, Gao X, Wang Y, Liu D, Huang M, Jing Y, Zhao L. Optimization of 4,6-Disubstituted Pyrido[3,2- d]pyrimidines as Dual MNK/PIM Inhibitors to Inhibit Leukemia Cell Growth. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13719-13735. [PMID: 34515481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases (MNKs) and provirus integration in maloney murine leukemia virus kinases (PIMs) are downstream enzymes of cell proliferation signaling pathways associated with the resistance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. MNKs and PIMs have complementary effects to regulate cap-dependent translation of oncoproteins. Dual inhibitors of MNKs and PIMs have not been developed. We developed a novel 4,6-disubstituted pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine compound 21o with selective inhibition of MNKs and PIMs. The IC50's of 21o to inhibit MNK1 and MNK2 are 1 and 7 nM and those to inhibit PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3 are 43, 232, and 774 nM, respectively. 21o inhibits the growth of myeloid leukemia K562 and MOLM-13 cells with GI50's of 2.1 and 1.2 μM, respectively. 21o decreases the levels of p-eIF4E and p-4EBP1, the downstream products of MNKs and PIMs, as well as cap-dependent proteins c-myc, cyclin D1, and Mcl-1. 21o inhibits the growth of MOLM-13 cell xenografts without causing evident toxicity. 21o represents an innovative dual MNK/PIM inhibitor with a good pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuntao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongxue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tong Tong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jie Zang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lihong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuetong Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongkui Jing
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Xu W, Kannan S, Verma CS, Nacro K. Update on the Development of MNK Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents. J Med Chem 2021; 65:983-1007. [PMID: 34533957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases 1 and 2 (MNK1/2) represent a central class of enzymes that are activated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. MNK1 and MNK2 coordinate cellular signaling, control production of inflammatory chemokines, and regulate cell proliferation and survival. MNK1/2 are referred to as serine/threonine kinases as they phosphorylate serine or threonine residues on their substrates. Upon activation, MNK1/2 phosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) at Ser209, which in turn initiates ribosome assembly and protein translation. Deleterious overexpression of MNK1/2 and/or eIF4E have been reported in several diseases including cancers, neurological disorders, autism, and inflammation. Recently, there have been intense efforts toward the development of potent and selective inhibitors of MNK1/2 in both academia and industry. Herein, we review the current understanding of the structural and biological aspects of MNK1/2 and provide an update of pharmacological inhibitors of MNK1/2 including candidates in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xu
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), A*STAR, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #05-01, 138670, Singapore
| | | | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Kassoum Nacro
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), A*STAR, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #05-01, 138670, Singapore
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Jin X, Yu R, Wang X, Proud CG, Jiang T. Progress in developing MNK inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113420. [PMID: 33892273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The MNKs (mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting protein kinases) phosphorylate eIF4E (eukaryotic initiation factor 4 E) at serine 209; eIF4E plays an important role in the translation of cytoplasmic mRNAs, all of which possess a 5' 'cap' structure to which eIF4E binds. Elevated levels of eIF4E, p-eIF4E and/or the MNK protein kinases have been found in many types of cancer, including solid tumors and leukemia. MNKs also play a role in metabolic disease. Regulation of the activities of MNKs (MNK1 and MNK2), control the phosphorylation of eIF4E, which in turn has a close relationship with the processes of tumor development, cell migration and invasion, and energy metabolism. MNK knock-out mice display no adverse effects on normal cells or phenotypes suggesting that MNK may be a potentially safe targets for the treatment of various cancers. Several MNK inhibitors or 'degraders' have been identified. Initially, some of the inhibitors were developed from natural products or based on other protein kinase inhibitors which inhibit multiple kinases. Subsequently, more potent and selective inhibitors for MNK1/2 have been designed and synthesized. Currently, three inhibitors (BAY1143269, eFT508 and ETC-206) are in various stages of clinical trials for the treatment of solid cancers or leukemia, either alone or combined with inhibitors of other protein kinase. In this review, we summarize the diverse MNK inhibitors that have been reported in patents and other literature, including those with activities in vitro and/or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA5000, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Abstract
The alteration of mRNA translation has a crucial role in defining the changes in cellular proteome. The phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E by mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases (Mnks) leads to the release and translation of mRNAs of specific oncogenic proteins. In recent years, the efforts made by the pharmaceutical industry to develop novel chemical skeletons to create potent and selective Mnk inhibitors have been fruitful. The pyridone-aminal scaffold has been utilized to generate several series of Mnk inhibitors presented in multiple patent applications and research articles. Tomivosertib (eFT508) is one of the molecules with such scaffold. It is one of the first two Mnk inhibitors that entered clinical trials, and has displayed momentous activity against several solid and hematological cancers. The present compilation provides a succinct review of the current state of development of pyridone-aminal-derived Mnk inhibitors through the analysis of relevant patent applications filed in the last 5 years.
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Antiproliferative Effects of Alkaloids from the Bulbs of Crinum abyscinicum Hochst. ExA. Rich. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2529730. [PMID: 33178310 PMCID: PMC7648683 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2529730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Crinum abyscinicum Hochst. ExA. Rich bulb is traditionally used in Ethiopia for the treatment of various ailments including internal parasites, mastitis, rabies, colic diseases of animals, and cancer. Despite its importance in traditional cancer treatment, no research work has been reported on the antiproliferative activity of the bulb extract and its major constituents. Phytochemical investigation of the bulb extract of C. abyscinicum by PTLC over silica gel resulted in the isolation of two alkaloids, which were unequivocally identified as 6-hydroxycrinamine and lycorine on the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR and MS analysis. The bulb extract, 6-hydroxycrinamine, and lycorine possessed significant antiproliferative activity, lycorine being the most active exhibiting GI50 values of 2.8 μg/ml and 3.4 μg/ml against A2780 and MV4-11 cells, respectively. Cell cycle analysis and annexin V/propidium iodide double staining in A2780 cells revealed that both compounds increased the percentage of cells in the S-phase at 30 μg/ml without inducing apoptosis. Our results suggest that the antiproliferative activities of the bulb extract of C. abyscinicum, 6-hydroxycrinamine, and lycorine could support the traditional claim of the plant against cancer.
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Pinto-Díez C, Ferreras-Martín R, Carrión-Marchante R, González VM, Martín ME. Deeping in the Role of the MAP-Kinases Interacting Kinases (MNKs) in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082967. [PMID: 32340135 PMCID: PMC7215568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinases (MNKs) are involved in oncogenic transformation and can promote metastasis and tumor progression. In human cells, there are four MNKs isoforms (MNK1a/b and MNK2a/b), derived from two genes by alternative splicing. These kinases play an important role controlling the expression of specific proteins involved in cell cycle, cell survival and cell motility via eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) regulation, but also through other substrates such as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor and Sprouty 2. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of MNK in human cancers, describing the studies conducted to date to elucidate the mechanism involved in the action of MNKs, as well as the development of MNK inhibitors in different hematological cancers and solid tumors.
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Kwiatkowski J, Liu B, Pang S, Ahmad NHB, Wang G, Poulsen A, Yang H, Poh YR, Tee DHY, Ong E, Retna P, Dinie N, Kwek P, Wee JLK, Manoharan V, Low CB, Seah PG, Pendharkar V, Sangthongpitag K, Joy J, Baburajendran N, Jansson AE, Nacro K, Hill J, Keller TH, Hung AW. Stepwise Evolution of Fragment Hits against MAPK Interacting Kinases 1 and 2. J Med Chem 2020; 63:621-637. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kwiatkowski
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Boping Liu
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Shermaine Pang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Nur Huda Binte Ahmad
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Gang Wang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Anders Poulsen
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Yong Rui Poh
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Doris Hui Ying Tee
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Esther Ong
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Priya Retna
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Nurul Dinie
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Perlyn Kwek
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - John Liang Kuan Wee
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Vithya Manoharan
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Choon Bing Low
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Peck Gee Seah
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Vishal Pendharkar
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Kanda Sangthongpitag
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Joma Joy
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Nithya Baburajendran
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Anna Elisabet Jansson
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Kassoum Nacro
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Hill
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Thomas H. Keller
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
| | - Alvin W. Hung
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 10 Biopolis Way, Chromos #05-01/06, 138670 Singapore
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Abdelaziz AM, Diab S, Islam S, Basnet SKC, Noll B, Li P, Mekonnen LB, Lu J, Albrecht H, Milne RW, Gerber C, Yu M, Wang S. Discovery of N-Phenyl-4-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine Derivatives as Potent Mnk2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, SAR Analysis, and Evaluation of in vitro Anti-leukaemic Activity. Med Chem 2019; 15:602-623. [PMID: 30569866 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666181219111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is common in many types of cancer including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Phosphorylation of eIF4E by MAPK-interacting kinases (Mnks) is essential for the eIF4E-mediated oncogenic activity. As such, the pharmacological inhibition of Mnks can be an effective strategy for the treatment of cancer. METHODS A series of N-phenyl-4-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives was designed and synthesised. The Mnk inhibitory activity of these derivatives as well as their anti-proliferative activity against MV4-11 AML cells was determined. RESULTS These compounds were identified as potent Mnk2 inhibitors. Most of them demonstrated potent anti-proliferative activity against MV4-11 AML cells. The cellular mechanistic studies of the representative inhibitors revealed that they reduced the level of phosphorylated eIF4E and induced apoptosis by down-regulating the anti-apoptotic protein myeloid cell leukaemia 1 (Mcl-1) and by cleaving poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP). The lead compound 7k possessed desirable pharmacokinetic properties and oral bioavailability. CONCLUSION This work proposes that exploration of the structural diversity in the context of Nphenyl- 4-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine would offer potent and selective Mnk inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abdelaziz
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Sarah Diab
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Saiful Islam
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Sunita K C Basnet
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Benjamin Noll
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Peng Li
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Laychiluh B Mekonnen
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Jingfeng Lu
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Hugo Albrecht
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Robert W Milne
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Cobus Gerber
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Mingfeng Yu
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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Abdelaziz AM, Basnet SK, Islam S, Li M, Tadesse S, Albrecht H, Gerber C, Yu M, Wang S. Synthesis and evaluation of 2′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,3′-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine]-1′,5′-dione derivatives as Mnk inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2650-2654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Jin X, Merrett J, Tong S, Flower B, Xie J, Yu R, Tian S, Gao L, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiang T, Proud CG. Design, synthesis and activity of Mnk1 and Mnk2 selective inhibitors containing thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:735-751. [PMID: 30496989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases 1 and 2 (MNK1 and MNK2) phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and play important roles in promoting tumorigenesis and metabolic disease. Thus, inhibiting these enzymes might be valuable in the treatment of such conditions. We designed and synthesized a series of 4-((4-fluoro-2-isopropoxyphenyl)amino)-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives, and evaluated their inhibitory activity against the MNKs. We found 15 compounds that were active as MNK inhibitors and that one in particular, designated MNK-7g, which was potent against MNK1 and substantially more potent against MNK2. The compound MNK-7g did not affect other signaling pathways tested and had no adverse effects on cell viability. As expected from earlier studies, MNK-7g also inhibited cell migration. Therefore, the compound MNK-7g, which forms an ionic bond with Asp226 in MNK2 and possesses a substituted aniline in a thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine structure, is a promising starting point for the future development of novel drugs for treating or managing cancer and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - James Merrett
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sheng Tong
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bartholomew Flower
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jianling Xie
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Rilei Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuye Tian
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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13
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Tadesse S, Bantie L, Tomusange K, Yu M, Islam S, Bykovska N, Noll B, Zhu G, Li P, Lam F, Kumarasiri M, Milne R, Wang S. Discovery and pharmacological characterization of a novel series of highly selective inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 as anticancer agents. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2399-2413. [PMID: 28800675 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cyclin D-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are crucial regulators of the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle and are actively pursued as therapeutic targets in cancer. We sought to discover a novel series of orally bioavailable and highly selective small molecule inhibitors of CDK4/6. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The discovery of pharmacological inhibitors and optimization for potency, selectivity and drug properties were achieved by iterative chemical synthesis, biochemical screening against a panel of kinases, cell-based assays measuring cellular viability, cell cycle distribution, induction of apoptosis and the level of retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein (Rb) phosphorylation and E2 factor (E2F)-regulated gene expression and in vitro biopharmaceutical and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiling. KEY RESULTS We discovered several lead compounds that displayed >1000-fold selectivity for CDK4/6 over other members of the CDK family. The lead compounds, 82, 91 and 95, potently inhibited the growth of cancer cells by inducing G1 arrest with a concomitant reduction in the phosphorylation of Rb at S780 and in E2F-regulated gene expression. With a remarkable selectivity for CDK4 over 369 human protein kinases, 91 was identified as a highly potent and orally bioavailable drug candidate. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have identified unique and new inhibitors of CDK4/6 as potential drug candidates. Compound 91 represents an ideal candidate for further development as targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tadesse
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Laychiluh Bantie
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Khamis Tomusange
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mingfeng Yu
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Saiful Islam
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nataliya Bykovska
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin Noll
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ge Zhu
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peng Li
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Frankie Lam
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Malika Kumarasiri
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert Milne
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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14
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Dual Inhibition of Mnk2 and FLT3 for potential treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:762-772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Dual abrogation of MNK and mTOR: a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of aggressive cancers. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1539-1555. [PMID: 28841037 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the translational machinery has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for cancer treatment. Cancer cells require elevated protein synthesis and exhibit augmented activity to meet the increased metabolic demand. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E is necessary for mRNA translation, its availability and phosphorylation are regulated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MNK1/2 pathways. The phosphorylated form of eIF4E drives the expression of oncogenic proteins including those involved in metastasis. In this article, we will review the role of eIF4E in cancer, its regulation and discuss the benefit of dual inhibition of upstream pathways. The discernible interplay between the MNK and mTOR signaling pathways provides a novel therapeutic opportunity to target aggressive migratory cancers through the development of hybrid molecules.
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16
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A novel series of N-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(thiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-2-amines as highly potent CDK4/6 inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1495-1506. [PMID: 28795589 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Inhibitors of CDK4/6 have emerged as a powerful class of therapeutics for treatment of several malignancies. We herein describe the identification of a new series of molecules that demonstrated excellent selectivity for CDK4/6 over CDKs1, 7 and 9. RESULTS Medicinal chemistry optimization led to the discovery of 58 and 69 that inhibited CDK4 and CDK4/6, respectively, with high potency and selectivity, and 58 and 69 exhibited potent antiproliferative activities in a panel of human cancer cell lines including leukemia, and cancers of the breast, colon, ovary, pancreas and prostate. CONCLUSION Compounds 58 and 69 caused remarkable growth inhibition of melanoma cells, particularly the cells harboring multiple BRAF and NRAS mutations, via a CDK4/6-targeted mechanism of action. [Formula: see text].
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17
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Fischer PM. Approved and Experimental Small-Molecule Oncology Kinase Inhibitor Drugs: A Mid-2016 Overview. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:314-367. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Fischer
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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