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Yang P, Li Z, Du W, Wu C, Xiong W. Hepatoprotective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in non-cancerous hepatic tissues following transcatheter arterial embolization. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:827-838. [PMID: 36045714 PMCID: PMC9372709 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is a widely used technique in treating hepatic carcinoma but may cause liver injury in some cases. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of the preprocessed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) agonist-WY-14643 following TAE. A total of 60 rabbit liver cancer models were developed and divided into a combined treatment (WY-14643 and TAE), TAE, and control groups. After TAE, we examined the histopathological picture and liver functions. Further, the expression of antioxidant enzymes, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor of κ-light chain of enhancer-activated B cells (NF-κB), PPAR-α, and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was analyzed. Liver function tests, pathology score, and apoptosis index significantly worsened in the TAE group but were normalized in the combined treatment group. In addition, ELISA results showed that antioxidant enzyme activity significantly increased, while the malondialdehyde content and level of inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced in the combined treatment group. Furthermore, compared to the TAE group, the expressions of PPAR-α, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) and SOD2, and Bcl-2 were significantly elevated, while NF-κB was significantly reduced in the combined treatment group. On the other hand, the expression of NF-κB in tumor tissues was significantly reduced by pretreatment with WY-14643. Therefore, PPAR-α can ameliorate liver injury by exerting its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali City, Yunnan Province 671000, China
| | - Zhengliang Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, No. 32, Jiashibo Street, Dali City, Yunnan Province 671000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, No. 32, Jiashibo Street, Dali City, Yunnan Province 671000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, No. 32, Jiashibo Street, Dali City, Yunnan Province 671000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wencui Xiong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali City, Yunnan Province 671000, China
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Heitel P, Gellrich L, Heering J, Goebel T, Kahnt A, Proschak E, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Merk D. Urate transporter inhibitor lesinurad is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulator (sPPARγM) in vitro. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13554. [PMID: 30202096 PMCID: PMC6131501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is the most common arthritic disease in human but was long neglected and therapeutic options are not satisfying. However, with the recent approval of the urate transporter inhibitor lesinurad, gout treatment has experienced a major innovation. Here we show that lesinurad possesses considerable modulatory potency on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Since gout has a strong association with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, this side-activity appears as very valuable contributing factor to the clinical efficacy profile of lesinurad. Importantly, despite robustly activating PPARγ in vitro, lesinurad lacked adipogenic activity, which seems due to differential coactivator recruitment and is characterized as selective PPARγ modulator (sPPARγM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Heitel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leonie Gellrich
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tamara Goebel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Kahnt
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Proschak E, Heitel P, Kalinowsky L, Merk D. Opportunities and Challenges for Fatty Acid Mimetics in Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5235-5266. [PMID: 28252961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids beyond their role as an endogenous energy source and storage are increasingly considered as signaling molecules regulating various physiological effects in metabolism and inflammation. Accordingly, the molecular targets involved in formation and physiological activities of fatty acids hold significant therapeutic potential. A number of these fatty acid targets are addressed by some of the oldest and most widely used drugs such as cyclooxygenase inhibiting NSAIDs, whereas others remain unexploited. Compounds orthosterically binding to proteins that endogenously bind fatty acids are considered as fatty acid mimetics. On the basis of their structural resemblance, fatty acid mimetics constitute a family of bioactive compounds showing specific binding thermodynamics and following similar pharmacokinetic mechanisms. This perspective systematically evaluates targets for fatty acid mimetics, investigates their common structural characteristics, and highlights demands in their discovery and design. In summary, fatty acid mimetics share particularly favorable characteristics justifying the conclusion that their therapeutic potential vastly outweighs the challenges in their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pascal Heitel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lena Kalinowsky
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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4
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Pollinger J, Merk D. Therapeutic applications of the versatile fatty acid mimetic WY14643. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:517-525. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1272578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Pollinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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5
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Koeberle A, Laufer SA, Werz O. Design and Development of Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 Inhibitors: Challenges and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5970-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koeberle
- Chair
of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair
of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
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SAR studies on FXR modulators led to the discovery of the first combined FXR antagonistic/TGR5 agonistic compound. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:133-48. [PMID: 26824277 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids can serve as signaling molecules by activating the nuclear receptor FXR and the G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5 and both bile acid receptors are prominent experimental drug targets. Results/methodology: In this study we optimized the fatty acid mimetic compound pirinixic acid to a new scaffold with the aim to develop novel FXR modulatory compounds. After a multistep structure-activity optimization process, we discovered FXR agonistic compounds and the first dual FXR antagonistic and TGR5 agonistic compound 79a. CONCLUSION With this novel dual activity profile on both bile acid receptors 79a might be a valuable pharmalogical tool to further study the bile acid signaling network.
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Blöcher R, Lamers C, Wittmann SK, Diehl O, Hanke T, Merk D, Steinhilber D, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Kahnt AS, Proschak E. Design and synthesis of fused soluble epoxide hydrolase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00042h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widespread, complex disease cluster which consists of hypertension, atherosclerosis, dyslipidaemia and type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Blöcher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt
- D-60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - C. Lamers
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt
- D-60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - S. K. Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt
- D-60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - O. Diehl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt
- D-60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - T. Hanke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt
- D-60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - D. Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt
- D-60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - D. Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt
- D-60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - M. Schubert-Zsilavecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt
- D-60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - A. S. Kahnt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt
- D-60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - E. Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt
- D-60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
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