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Zhou P, He H, Ma H, Wang S, Hu S. A Review of Optical Imaging Technologies for Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020274. [PMID: 35208397 PMCID: PMC8877635 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics can precisely control and manipulate micro-scale fluids, and are also known as lab-on-a-chip or micro total analysis systems. Microfluidics have huge application potential in biology, chemistry, and medicine, among other fields. Coupled with a suitable detection system, the detection and analysis of small-volume and low-concentration samples can be completed. This paper reviews an optical imaging system combined with microfluidics, including bright-field microscopy, chemiluminescence imaging, spectrum-based microscopy imaging, and fluorescence-based microscopy imaging. At the end of the article, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Haipeng He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Hanbin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
- Guangdong ACXEL Micro & Nano Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Siyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (S.H.)
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Yang T, Ren X, Yang M, Li X, He K, Rao A, Wan Y, Yang H, Wang S, Luo Z. A highly sensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on poly(indole-5-carboxylicacid) with ultra-high redox stability. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cui P, Wang S. Application of microfluidic chip technology in pharmaceutical analysis: A review. J Pharm Anal 2018; 9:238-247. [PMID: 31452961 PMCID: PMC6704040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of pharmaceutical analytical methods represents one of the most significant aspects of drug development. Recent advances in microfabrication and microfluidics could provide new approaches for drug analysis, including drug screening, active testing and the study of metabolism. Microfluidic chip technologies, such as lab-on-a-chip technology, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, organs-on-chip and droplet techniques, have all been developed rapidly. Microfluidic chips coupled with various kinds of detection techniques are suitable for the high-throughput screening, detection and mechanistic study of drugs. This review highlights the latest (2010–2018) microfluidic technology for drug analysis and discusses the potential future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, #76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, #76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
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Gao L, Zhao X, Lang L, Shay C, Andrew Yeudall W, Teng Y. Autophagy blockade sensitizes human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma towards CYT997 through enhancing excessively high reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:929-938. [PMID: 30022281 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The functional relationship between apoptosis and autophagy in anticancer drug treatment is extremely complex, and the molecular machinery is obscure. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of CYT997, a novel microtubule-disrupting agent, in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and complete the autophagy-apoptosis puzzle involved in drug action. We report here that CYT997 exhibits anticancer activity by triggering oxidative stress-associated apoptosis in HNSCC cells. Interestingly, upregulation of autophagy by mTOR-dependent pathways appears to have a cytoprotective role in preventing apoptosis by inhibiting CYT997-induced excessively high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Blockade of autophagy by ATG7 depletion or addition of autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) sensitizes HNSCC cells to CYT997 as evidenced by enhanced ROS-associated apoptosis. Moreover, HCQ exhibits a good synergism with CYT997 on induction of apoptosis in HNSCC xenografts without cytotoxicity, suggesting combined treatment of CYT997 with autophagy inhibitors would increase the anticancer efficacy of CYT997. These findings unveil the importance of ROS in crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in CYT997 treatment, raising concerns that genetic or pharmacologic blockade of autophagy should be considered in the design of new therapeutics for HNSCC. KEY MESSAGES • CYT997 exhibits anticancer activity by induction of ROS-associated apoptosis. • mTOR-dependent cytoprotective autophagy prevents CYT997-induced apoptosis. • Blockade of autophagy augments CYT997 efficacy by enhanced ROS-associated apoptosis. • Combination of autophagy inhibitors with CYT997 is more effective against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chloe Shay
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children's Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Andrew Yeudall
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Gao L, Wang X, Tang Y, Huang S, Hu CAA, Teng Y. FGF19/FGFR4 signaling contributes to the resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:8. [PMID: 28069043 PMCID: PMC5223586 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, is used as a standard therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, complete remission has not been achieved and the molecular basis of HCC resistance to sorafenib remains largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) expression correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis of HCC. Here, we demonstrate the novel role of FGF19 in HCC resistance to sorafenib therapy. Methods FGF19 Knockdown cells were achieved by lentiviral-mediated interference, and FGFR4 knockout cells were achieved by CRISPR-Cas9. Protein levels of FGF19, FGFR4 and c-PARP in various HCC cell lines were measured by Western blotting analysis. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay, apoptosis was determined by DAPI nuclear staining and Western blot of c-PRAP, and ROS generation was determined by DCFH-DA staining and electrochemical biosensor. Results We showed that FGF19, when overexpressed, inhibited the effect of sorafenib on ROS generation and apoptosis in HCC. In contrast, loss of FGF19 or its receptor FGFR4 led to a remarkable increase in sorafenib-induced ROS generation and apoptosis. In addition, knockdown of FGF19 in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells significantly enhanced the sensitivity to sorafenib. Importantly, targeting FGF19/FGFR4 axis by ponatinib, a third-generation inhibitor of chronic myeloid leukemia, overcomes HCC resistance of sorafenib by enhancing ROS-associated apoptosis in sorafenib-treated HCC. Conclusion Our results provide the first evidence that inhibition of FGF19/FGFR4 signaling significantly overcomes sorafenib resistance in HCC. Co-treatment of ponatinib and sorafinib may represent an effective therapeutic approach for eradicating HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0478-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Gao
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xuli Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shuang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Vasudevan A, Bogdan A, Koolman H, Wang Y, Djuric S. Enabling Chemistry Technologies and Parallel Synthesis—Accelerators of Drug Discovery Programmes. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 56:1-35. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Djuric SW, Hutchins CW, Talaty NN. Current status and future prospects for enabling chemistry technology in the drug discovery process. F1000Res 2016; 5:2426. [PMID: 27781094 PMCID: PMC5054812 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9515.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers recent advances in the implementation of enabling chemistry technologies into the drug discovery process. Areas covered include parallel synthesis chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, automated synthesis and purification methods, flow chemistry methodology including photochemistry, electrochemistry, and the handling of "dangerous" reagents. Also featured are advances in the "computer-assisted drug design" area and the expanding application of novel mass spectrometry-based techniques to a wide range of drug discovery activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan W Djuric
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nari N Talaty
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
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