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Gawin-Mikołajewicz A, Nawrot U, Malec KH, Krajewska K, Nartowski KP, Karolewicz BL. The Effect of High-Pressure Homogenization Conditions on the Physicochemical Properties and Stability of Designed Fluconazole-Loaded Ocular Nanoemulsions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:11. [PMID: 38276489 PMCID: PMC10818809 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in high-energy emulsification is a result of its scalability, which is important from an industrial perspective and allows for a more reproducible and efficient production of pharmaceutical formulations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of composition, mainly a fixed surfactant/cosurfactant (Smix) ratio, their concentration, and the parameters of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) processing on the quality and stability of ophthalmic fluconazole-loaded nanoemulsions. After a physicochemical analysis of nanoemulsions containing 20% w/w of oil, as optimal conditions for the HPH process, three cycles at a pressure of 1000 bar were established, obtaining formulations with an average droplet diameter size in the range of 80.63-129.68 nm and PDI values below 0.25. While it was expected that an increasing cosurfactant concentration decreased the droplet size, in the case of formulations containing Tween 20 and 10% w/w of cosurfactants, "over-processing" was observed, identified by the droplet size and polydispersity index increase. Consecutively, the selected formulations were evaluated for in vitro drug release in Franz's cell, antifungal activity, and 30-day stability using NMR spectroscopy. An antifungal activity test showed no significant difference in the antifungal activity between optimal fluconazole-loaded nanoemulsions and a 0.3% aqueous drug solution, but previously, research showed that prepared formulations were characterized by a higher viscosity and satisfactory prolonged release compared to a control. In a 30-day stability study, it was observed that higher HLB values of the used surfactants decreased the stability of the formulations in the following order: Kolliphor EL, Tween 80, Tween 20. The NMR spectra confirmed that Kolliphor EL-based formulations ensured the higher stability of the nanoemulsion composition in comparison to Tween 80 and a better stabilizing effect of propylene glycol as a cosurfactant in comparison to PEG 200. Therefore, the optimization of HPH technology should be focused on the selection of Smix and the Smix:oil ratio in order to prepare stable formulations of high quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gawin-Mikołajewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Str., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.H.M.); (K.K.); (K.P.N.); (B.L.K.)
| | - Urszula Nawrot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Str., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Hanna Malec
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Str., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.H.M.); (K.K.); (K.P.N.); (B.L.K.)
| | - Karolina Krajewska
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Str., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.H.M.); (K.K.); (K.P.N.); (B.L.K.)
| | - Karol Przemysław Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Str., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.H.M.); (K.K.); (K.P.N.); (B.L.K.)
| | - Bożena Lucyna Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Str., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.H.M.); (K.K.); (K.P.N.); (B.L.K.)
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Etemad L, Salmasi Z, Moosavian Kalat SA, Moshiri M, Zamanian J, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. An overview on nanoplatforms for statins delivery: Perspectives for safe and effective therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116572. [PMID: 37429398 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Statins are the most widely used pharmacological agents for reducing blood cholesterol levels and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Most of the statins' derivatives have been limited by water solubility, bioavailability, and oral absorption, which has led to adverse effects on several organs, especially at high doses. As an approach to reducing statin intolerance, achieving a stable formulation with improved efficacy and bioavailability at low doses has been suggested. Nanotechnology-based formulations may provide a therapeutic benefit over traditional formulations in terms of potency and biosafety. Nanocarriers can provide tailored delivery platforms for statins, thereby enhancing the localized biological effects and lowering the risk of undesired side effects while boosting statin's therapeutic index. Furthermore, tailored nanoparticles can deliver the active cargo to the desired site, which culminates in reducing off-targeting and toxicity. Nanomedicine could also provide opportunities for therapeutic methods by personalized medicine. This review delves into the existing data on the potential improvement of statin therapy using nano-formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Etemad
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Alia Moosavian Kalat
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moshiri
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Clinical Toxicology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Zamanian
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Dutra LA, Lacerda MG, Destro Inácio M, Martins JW, Lopes Silva AC, Bento da Silva P, Chorilli M, Amato AA, Baviera AM, Passarelli M, Guido RV, Dos Santos JL. Discovery of (E)-4-styrylphenoxy-propanamide: A dual PPARα/γ partial agonist that regulates high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, modulates adipogenesis, and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Bioorg Chem 2022; 120:105600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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