Multiple myeloma: therapeutic delivery of antibodies and aptamers

Radiolabeling and cytotoxicity of monoclonal antibody Isatuximab functionalized silver nanoparticles on the growth of multiple myeloma

The goal of this article was to develop a new therapeutic strategy based on nanotechnology for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment which shows a synergism of different mechanisms. In this concern, 12.9 nm-sized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared and functionalized with Isatuximab, anti-MM monoclonal antibody (mAb). Furthermore, the synthesized nanocomposite was radiolabelled with iodine-131 radionuclide and yielded 95.5 ± 1.5%. Then, the synergistic MM-proliferation inhibition efficacy of the radionanocomposite (¹³¹I-Isatuximab/AgNPs) was explored in-vitro in comparison to each single agent. The MTT investigation showed that the antiproliferation effect of ¹³¹I-Isatuximab/AgNPs increased by more than 1.5 fold if compared with Isatuximab, AgNPs, Isatuximab/AgNPs or ¹³¹I-Isatuximab. Additionally, ¹³¹I-Isatuximab/AgNPs exhibited an apoptotic effect on MM cells which was more than that of Isatuximab, AgNPs, Isatuximab/AgNPs or ¹³¹I-Isatuximab by 2, 1.8, 1.7 and 1.5 folds, respectively. In conclusion, the results expressed ¹³¹I-Isatuximab/AgNPs as a potential new anti-MM agent.

Research progress of whole-cell-SELEX selection and the application of cell-targeting aptamer

BACKGROUND

Aptamers refer to the artificially synthesized nucleic acid sequences (DNA/RNA) that can bind to a wide range of targets with high affinity and specificity, which are generally generated from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). As a novel method of aptamers screening, whole-cell-SELEX (WC-SELEX) has gained more and more attention in many fields such as biomedicine, analytical chemistry, and molecular diagnostics due to its ability to screen multiple potential aptamers without knowing the detailed structural information of target molecules.

METHODS AND RESULTS

In recent years, with the deepening of research on application of aptamers, the traditional WC-SELEX cannot meet the practical application because of long experimental period, complicated operation process and low specificity, etc. Therefore, the development of more efficient methods for screening aptamer is always on the road. This paper summarizes the current research status of WC-SELEX for bacteria, parasites and animal cells, and reviews the latest advances of WC-SELEX techniques that are dependent on novel instruments, materials and microelectronics, including fluorescence-activated cell sorting-assisted SELEX, three-dimensional assisted WC-SELEX, and microfluidic chip system-assisted WC-SELEX. In addition, the application of aptamers targeting cells was discussed.

CONCLUSION

Taken together, this review is aimed at providing a reference for WC-SELEX selection and application of aptamer targeting cells.