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Zhang P, Xiao Y, Sun X, Lin X, Koo S, Yaremenko AV, Qin D, Kong N, Farokhzad OC, Tao W. Cancer nanomedicine toward clinical translation: Obstacles, opportunities, and future prospects. MED 2023; 4:147-167. [PMID: 36549297 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the integration of nanotechnology into the medical field at large, great strides have been made in the development of nanomedicines for tackling different diseases, including cancers. To date, various cancer nanomedicines have demonstrated success in preclinical studies, improving therapeutic outcomes, prolonging survival, and/or decreasing side effects. However, the translation from bench to bedside remains challenging. While a number of nanomedicines have entered clinical trials, only a few have been approved for clinical applications. In this review, we highlight the most recent progress in cancer nanomedicine, discuss current clinical advances and challenges for the translation of cancer nanomedicines, and provide our viewpoints on accelerating clinical translation. We expect this review to benefit the future development of cancer nanotherapeutics specifically from the clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yufen Xiao
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Xiaoning Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexey V Yaremenko
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Duotian Qin
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Seer, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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The Role of MicroRNAs in Hyperlipidemia: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutical Application. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:3101900. [PMID: 35757107 PMCID: PMC9232323 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder with high morbidity and mortality, which brings heavy burden on social. Understanding its pathogenesis and finding its potential therapeutic targets are the focus of current research in this field. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have proved that miRNAs play vital roles in regulating lipid metabolism and were considered as promising therapeutic targets for hyperlipidemia and related diseases. It is demonstrated that miR-191, miR-222, miR-224, miR-27a, miR-378a-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-483, and miR-520d-5p were closely associated with the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia. In this review, we provide brief overviews about advances in miRNAs in hyperlipidemia and its potential clinical application value.
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Ma N, Fan L, Dong Y, Xu X, Yu C, Chen J, Ren J. New PCSK9 inhibitor miR-552-3p reduces LDL-C via enhancing LDLR in high fat diet-fed mice. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105562. [PMID: 33737240 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PCSK9 has emerged as a promising new therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia. The efficacy of PCSK9 siRNA in clinic trials clues the feasibility of exploring more PCSK9 inhibitors based on genetic inhibition in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs can regulate genes at transcriptional and/or translational level. Here, we screened miRNAs from the prediction of TargetScan database with possible inhibitory activities in PCSK9 protein level via AlphaLISA and Western blotting, in which miR-552-3p was selected out for its strongest inhibitory effect. MiR-552-3p could bind to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of PCSK9 to inhibit translation and interact with the promoter of PCSK9 to suppress transcription. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments proved the effects of miR-552-3p on PCSK9 and downstream effectors: it could increase LDLR protein level, promote LDL-C uptake in HepG2 cells and lower serum LDL-C in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In conclusion, our findings firstly identified miR-552-3p as a new PCSK9 inhibitor with the dual-inhibition mechanism, which suggested the possible application of miR-552-3p in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Ma
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunxia Dong
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuwei Yu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jin Ren
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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MicroRNA-34a Encapsulated in Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles Induces Epigenetic Changes with Altered Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Apoptosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623259 PMCID: PMC5473901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies targeting epigenetic changes for cancer treatment are in Phase I/II trials; however, all of these target only nuclear DNA. Emerging evidence suggests presence of methylation marks on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA); but their contribution in cancer is unidentified. Expression of genes encoded on mtDNA are altered in cancer cells, along with increased glycolytic flux. Such glycolytic flux and elevated reactive oxygen species is supported by increased antioxidant; glutathione. MicroRNA-34a can translocate to mitochondria, mediate downstream apoptotic effects of tumor suppressor P53, and inhibit the antioxidant response element Nrf-2, resulting in depleted glutathione levels. Based on such strong rationale, we encapsulated microRNA-34a in our well-established Hyaluronic-Acid nanoparticles and delivered to cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant A549-lung adenocarcinoma cells. Successful delivery and uptake in cells resulted in altered ATP levels, decreased glycolytic flux, Nrf-2 and glutathione levels, ultimately resulting in caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Most important were the concurrent underlying molecular changes in epigenetic status of D-loop on the mtDNA and transcription of mtDNA-encoded genes. Although preliminary, we provide a novel therapeutic approach in form of altered mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox status of cancer cells with underlying changes in epigenetic status of mtDNA that can subsequently results in induction of cancer cell apoptosis.
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Talekar M, Trivedi M, Shah P, Ouyang Q, Oka A, Gandham S, Amiji MM. Combination wt-p53 and MicroRNA-125b Transfection in a Genetically Engineered Lung Cancer Model Using Dual CD44/EGFR-targeting Nanoparticles. Mol Ther 2015; 24:759-69. [PMID: 26686386 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in KRAS and p53 signaling pathways contribute to loss of responsiveness to current therapies and a decreased survival in lung cancer. In this study, we have investigated the delivery and transfection of wild-type (wt-) p53 and microRNA-125b (miR-125b) expressing plasmid DNA, in SK-LU-1 human lung adenocarcinoma cells as well as in Kras(G12D)/p53(fl/fl) (KP) genetically engineered mouse model of lung cancer. Systemic plasmid DNA delivery with dual CD44/EGFR-targeted hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) resulted in a 2- to 20-fold increase in wt-p53 and miR-125b gene expression in SK-LU-1 cells. This resulted in enhanced apoptotic activity as seen with increased APAF-1 and caspase-3 gene expression. Similarly, in vivo evaluations in KP mouse model indicated successful CD44/EGFR-targeted delivery. Tumor growth inhibition and apoptotic induction were also observed with (wt-p53+miR125b) combination therapy in KP tumor model. Lastly, J774.A1 murine macrophages co-cultured with transfected SK-LU-1 cells showed a 14- to 35-fold increase in the iNOS-Arg-1 ratio, supportive of previous results demonstrating a role of miR-125b in macrophage repolarization. Overall, these results show tremendous promise of wt-p53 and miR-125b gene therapy using dual CD44/EGFR-targeting HA NP vector for effective treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Talekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Malav Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Parin Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qijun Ouyang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adwait Oka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Srujan Gandham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Oncolysis by paramyxoviruses: preclinical and clinical studies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2015; 2:S2372-7705(16)30019-5. [PMID: 26640815 PMCID: PMC4667943 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies demonstrate that a broad spectrum of human malignant cells can be killed by oncolytic paramyxoviruses, which include cells of ecto-, endo-, and mesodermal origin. In clinical trials, significant reduction in size or even complete elimination of primary tumors and established metastases are reported. Different routes of viral administration (intratumoral, intravenous, intradermal, intraperitoneal, or intrapleural), and single- versus multiple-dose administration schemes have been explored. The reported side effects are grade 1 and 2, with the most common among them being mild fever. Some advantages in using paramyxoviruses as oncolytic agents versus representatives of other viral families exist. The cytoplasmic replication results in a lack of host genome integration and recombination, which makes paramyxoviruses safer and more attractive candidates for widely used therapeutic oncolysis in comparison with retroviruses or some DNA viruses. The list of oncolytic paramyxovirus representatives includes attenuated measles virus (MV), mumps virus (MuV), low pathogenic Newcastle disease (NDV), and Sendai (SeV) viruses. Metastatic cancer cells frequently overexpress on their surface some molecules that can serve as receptors for MV, MuV, NDV, and SeV. This promotes specific viral attachment to the malignant cell, which is frequently followed by specific viral replication. The paramyxoviruses are capable of inducing efficient syncytium-mediated lyses of cancer cells and elicit strong immunomodulatory effects that dramatically enforce anticancer immune surveillance. In general, preclinical studies and phase 1–3 clinical trials yield very encouraging results and warrant continued research of oncolytic paramyxoviruses as a particularly valuable addition to the existing panel of cancer-fighting approaches.
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Lorenzer C, Dirin M, Winkler AM, Baumann V, Winkler J. Going beyond the liver: progress and challenges of targeted delivery of siRNA therapeutics. J Control Release 2015; 203:1-15. [PMID: 25660205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic gene silencing promises significant progress in pharmacotherapy, including considerable expansion of the druggable target space and the possibility for treating orphan diseases. Technological hurdles have complicated the efficient use of therapeutic oligonucleotides, and siRNA agents suffer particularly from insufficient pharmacokinetic properties and poor cellular uptake. Intense development and evolution of delivery systems have resulted in efficient uptake predominantly in liver tissue, in which practically all nanoparticulate and liposomal delivery systems show the highest accumulation. The most efficacious strategies include liposomes and bioconjugations with N-acetylgalactosamine. Both are in early clinical evaluation stages for treatment of liver-associated diseases. Approaches for achieving knockdown in other tissues and tumors have been proven to be more complicated. Selective targeting to tumors may be enabled through careful modulation of physical properties, such as particle size, or by taking advantage of specific targeting ligands. Significant barriers stand between sufficient accumulation in other organs, including endothelial barriers, cellular membranes, and the endosome. The brain, which is shielded by the blood-brain barrier, is of particular interest to facilitate efficient oligonucleotide therapy of neurological diseases. Transcytosis of the blood-brain barrier through receptor-specific docking is investigated to increase accumulation in the central nervous system. In this review, the current clinical status of siRNA therapeutics is summarized, as well as innovative and promising preclinical concepts employing tissue- and tumor-targeted ligands. The requirements and the respective advantages and drawbacks of bioconjugates and ligand-decorated lipid or polymeric particles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Lorenzer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mehrdad Dirin
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Winkler
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Baumann
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Winkler
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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