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Chastagnier L, Marquette C, Petiot E. In situ transient transfection of 3D cell cultures and tissues, a promising tool for tissue engineering and gene therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108211. [PMID: 37463610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Various research fields use the transfection of mammalian cells with genetic material to induce the expression of a target transgene or gene silencing. It is a tool widely used in biological research, bioproduction, and therapy. Current transfection protocols are usually performed on 2D adherent cells or suspension cultures. The important rise of new gene therapies and regenerative medicine in the last decade raises the need for new tools to empower the in situ transfection of tissues and 3D cell cultures. This review will present novel in situ transfection methods based on a chemical or physical non-viral transfection of cells in tissues and 3D cultures, discuss the advantages and remaining gaps, and propose future developments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chastagnier
- 3D Innovation Lab - 3d.FAB - ICBMS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, UMR 5246, bat. Lederer, 5 rue Gaston Berger, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Marquette
- 3D Innovation Lab - 3d.FAB - ICBMS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, UMR 5246, bat. Lederer, 5 rue Gaston Berger, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emma Petiot
- 3D Innovation Lab - 3d.FAB - ICBMS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, UMR 5246, bat. Lederer, 5 rue Gaston Berger, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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Plasmid BMP-2–embedded gelatin sponge as a gene-activated matrix for preosteoblast differentiation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Laperrousaz B, Porte S, Gerbaud S, Härmä V, Kermarrec F, Hourtane V, Bottausci F, Gidrol X, Picollet-D'hahan N. Direct transfection of clonal organoids in Matrigel microbeads: a promising approach toward organoid-based genetic screens. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:e70. [PMID: 29394376 PMCID: PMC6158603 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoid cultures in 3D matrices are relevant models to mimic the complex in vivo environment that supports cell physiological and pathological behaviors. For instance, 3D epithelial organoids recapitulate numerous features of glandular tissues including the development of fully differentiated acini that maintain apico-basal polarity with hollow lumen. Effective genetic engineering in organoids would bring new insights in organogenesis and carcinogenesis. However, direct 3D transfection on already formed organoids remains challenging. One limitation is that organoids are embedded in extracellular matrix and grow into compact structures that hinder transfection using traditional techniques. To address this issue, we developed an innovative approach for transgene expression in 3D organoids by combining single-cell encapsulation in Matrigel microbeads using a microfluidic device and electroporation. We demonstrate that direct electroporation of encapsulated organoids reaches up to 80% of transfection efficiency. Using this technique and a morphological read-out that recapitulate the different stages of tumor development, we further validate the role of p63 and PTEN as key genes in acinar development in breast and prostate tissues. We believe that the combination of controlled organoid generation and efficient 3D transfection developed here opens new perspectives for flow-based high-throughput genetic screening and functional genomic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Porte
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG-BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Gerbaud
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG-BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ville Härmä
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG-BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Gidrol
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG-BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Hsieh MK, Wu CJ, Su XC, Chen YC, Tsai TT, Niu CC, Lai PL, Wu SC. Bone regeneration in Ds-Red pig calvarial defect using allogenic transplantation of EGFP-pMSCs - A comparison of host cells and seeding cells in the scaffold. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215499. [PMID: 31318872 PMCID: PMC6638893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cells, scaffolds, and factors are the triad of regenerative engineering; however, it is difficult to distinguish whether cells in the regenerative construct are from the seeded cells or host cells via the host blood supply. We performed a novel in vivo study to transplant enhanced green fluorescent pig mesenchymal stem cells (EGFP-pMSCs) into calvarial defect of DsRed pigs. The cell distribution and proportion were distinguished by the different fluorescent colors through the whole regenerative period. Method/Results Eight adult domestic Ds-Red pigs were treated with five modalities: empty defects without scaffold (group 1); defects filled only with scaffold (group 2); defects filled with osteoinduction medium-loaded scaffold (group 3); defects filled with 5 x 103 cells/scaffold (group 4); and defects filled with 5 x 104 cells/scaffold (group 5). The in vitro cell distribution, morphology, osteogenic differentiation, and fluorescence images of groups 4 and 5 were analyzed. Two animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after transplantation. The in vivo fluorescence imaging and quantification data showed that EGFP-pMSCs were represented in the scaffolds in groups 4 and 5 throughout the whole regenerative period. A higher seeded cell density resulted in more sustained seeded cells in bone regeneration compared to a lower seeded cell density. Host cells were recruited by seeded cells if enough space was available in the scaffold. Host cells in groups 1 to 3 did not change from the 1st week to 4th week, which indicates that the scaffold without seeded cells cannot recruit host cells even when enough space is available for cell ingrowth. The histological and immunohistochemical data showed that more cells were involved in osteogenesis in scaffolds with seeded cells. Conclusion Our in vivo results showed that more seeded cells recruit more host cells and that both cell types participate in osteogenesis. These results suggest that scaffolds without seeded cells may not be effective in bone transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kai Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Chun Su
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Niu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (PLL); (SCW)
| | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (PLL); (SCW)
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Zhu Q, Hamilton M, Vasquez B, He M. 3D-printing enabled micro-assembly of a microfluidic electroporation system for 3D tissue engineering. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2362-2372. [PMID: 31214669 PMCID: PMC6636854 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Electro-transfection is an essential workhorse tool for regulating cellular responses and engineering cellular materials in tissue engineering. However, most of the existing approaches are only focused on cell suspensions in vitro, which fails to mimic an in vivo tissue microenvironment regarding the 3D electric field distribution and mass transport in a biological matrix. However, building a 3D electro-transfection system that is compatible with 3D cell culture for mimicking the in vivo tissue microenvironment is challenging, due to the substantial difficulties in control of the 3D electric field distribution as well as the cellular growth. To address such challenges, we introduce a novel 3D micro-assembly strategy assisted by 3D printing, which enables the molding of 3D microstructures as LEGO® parts from 3D-printed molds. The molded PDMS LEGO® bricks are then assembled into a 3D-cell culture chamber interconnected with vertical and horizontal perfusion microchannels as a 3D channel network. Such a 3D perfusion microchannel network is unattainable by direct 3D printing or other microfabrication approaches, which can facilitate the highly-efficient exchange of nutrition and waste for 3D cell growth. Four flat electrodes are mounted into the 3D culture chamber via a 3D-printed holder and controlled by a programmable power sequencer for multi-directional electric frequency scanning (3D μ-electro-transfection). This multi-directional scanning not only can create transient pores all over the cell membrane, but also can generate local oscillation for enhancing mass transport and improving cell transfection efficiency. As a proof-of-concept, we electro-delivered the pAcGFP1-C1 vector to 3D cultured HeLa cells within peptide hydrogel scaffolding. The expressed GFP level from transfected HeLa cells reflects the transfection efficiency. We found two key parameters including electric field strength and plasmid concentration playing more important roles than the pulse duration and duty cycles. The results showed an effective transfection efficiency of ∼15% with ∼85% cell viability, which is 3-fold higher compared to that of the conventional benchtop 3D cell electro-transfection. This 3D μ-electrotransfection system was further used for genetically editing 3D-cultured Hek-293 cells via direct delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid which showed successful transfection with GFP expressed in the cytoplasm as the reporter. The 3D-printing enabled micro-assembly allows facile creation of a novel 3D culture system for electro-transfection, which can be employed for versatile gene delivery and cellular engineering, as well as building in vivo like tissue models for fundamentally studying cellular regulation mechanisms at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
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Nanoparticles for cancer gene therapy: Recent advances, challenges, and strategies. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hujaya SD, Marchioli G, Roelofs K, van Apeldoorn AA, Moroni L, Karperien M, Paulusse JM, Engbersen JF. Poly(amido amine)-based multilayered thin films on 2D and 3D supports for surface-mediated cell transfection. J Control Release 2015; 205:181-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Gene-activated matrices for bone and cartilage regeneration in arthritis (GAMBA). HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2014; 25:63-5. [PMID: 24933564 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2014.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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