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Gianni E, Bertoli M, Simonelli I, Paulon L, Tecchio F, Pasqualetti P. tDCS randomized controlled trials in no-structural diseases: a quantitative review. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16311. [PMID: 34381076 PMCID: PMC8357949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number and quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) employing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) denote the rising awareness of neuroscientific community about its electroceutical potential and opening to include these treatments in the framework of medical therapies under the indications of the international authorities. The purpose of this quantitative review is to estimate the recommendation strength applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria and PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) model values for effective tDCS treatments on no-structural diseases, and to provide an estimate of Sham effect for future RCTs. Applying GRADE evaluation pathway, we searched in literature the tDCS-based RCTs in psychophysical diseases displaying a major involvement of brain electrical activity imbalances. Three independent authors agreed on Class 1 RCTs (18 studies) and meta-analyses were carried out using a random-effects model for pathologies sub-selected based on PICO and systemic involvement criteria. The meta-analysis integrated with extensive evidence of negligible side effects and low-cost, easy-to-use procedures, indicated that tDCS treatments for depression and fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis ranked between moderately and highly recommendable. For these interventions we reported the PICO variables, with left vs. right dorsolateral prefrontal target for 30 min/10 days against depression and bilateral somatosensory vs occipital target for 15 min/5 days against MS fatigue. An across-diseases meta-analysis devoted to the Sham effect provided references for power analysis in future tDCS RCTs on these clinical conditions. High-quality indications support tDCS as a promising tool to build electroceutical treatments against diseases involving neurodynamics alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gianni
- LET'S - ISTC - CNR, via Palestro 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Bertoli
- LET'S - ISTC - CNR, via Palestro 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Department of Imaging and Neuroscience and Clinical Sciences, University 'G. D'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Simonelli
- Service of Medical Statistics and Information Technology, Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Paulon
- LET'S - ISTC - CNR, via Palestro 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Tecchio
- LET'S - ISTC - CNR, via Palestro 32, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizio Pasqualetti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Medical Statistics, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Derr JB, Tamayo J, Clark JA, Morales M, Mayther MF, Espinoza EM, Rybicka-Jasińska K, Vullev VI. Multifaceted aspects of charge transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21583-21629. [PMID: 32785306 PMCID: PMC7544685 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01556c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Charge transfer and charge transport are by far among the most important processes for sustaining life on Earth and for making our modern ways of living possible. Involving multiple electron-transfer steps, photosynthesis and cellular respiration have been principally responsible for managing the energy flow in the biosphere of our planet since the Great Oxygen Event. It is impossible to imagine living organisms without charge transport mediated by ion channels, or electron and proton transfer mediated by redox enzymes. Concurrently, transfer and transport of electrons and holes drive the functionalities of electronic and photonic devices that are intricate for our lives. While fueling advances in engineering, charge-transfer science has established itself as an important independent field, originating from physical chemistry and chemical physics, focusing on paradigms from biology, and gaining momentum from solar-energy research. Here, we review the fundamental concepts of charge transfer, and outline its core role in a broad range of unrelated fields, such as medicine, environmental science, catalysis, electronics and photonics. The ubiquitous nature of dipoles, for example, sets demands on deepening the understanding of how localized electric fields affect charge transfer. Charge-transfer electrets, thus, prove important for advancing the field and for interfacing fundamental science with engineering. Synergy between the vastly different aspects of charge-transfer science sets the stage for the broad global impacts that the advances in this field have.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Derr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Sanjuan-Alberte P, Saleh E, Shaw AJ, Lacalendola N, Willmott G, Vaithilingam J, Alexander MR, Hague RJM, Rawson FJ. Remotely Controlled in Situ Growth of Silver Microwires Forming Bioelectronic Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8928-8936. [PMID: 30735349 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to advance our ability to construct three-dimensional (3D) functional bioelectronic interfaces. Additionally, to ease the transition to building cellular electronic systems, a remote approach to merge electrical components with biology is desirable. By combining 3D digital inkjet printing with bipolar electrochemistry, we remotely control and fabricate conductive wires, forming a first of its kind contactless bionic manufacturing procedure. It enables controlled fabrication of conductive wires in a three-dimensional configuration. Moreover, we demonstrate that this technology could be used to grow and interface conductive conduits in situ with mammalian cells, offering a new strategy to engineering bioelectronic interfaces. This represents a step change in the production of functional complex circuitry and considerably increases the manufacturing capabilities of merging cells with electronics. This approach provides a platform to construct bioelectronics in situ offering a potential paradigm shift in the methods for building bioelectronics with potential applications in biosensing and bioelectronic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicola Lacalendola
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Department of Physics and Chemistry , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Geoff Willmott
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Department of Physics and Chemistry , The University of Auckland , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
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Sanjuan-Alberte P, Alexander MR, Hague RJM, Rawson FJ. Electrochemically stimulating developments in bioelectronic medicine. Bioelectron Med 2018; 4:1. [PMID: 32232077 PMCID: PMC7098225 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-018-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is in part controlled by biological generated electrical activity. By interfacing biology with electronic devices this electrical activity can be modulated to actuate cellular behaviour. There are current limitations in merging electronics with biology sufficiently well to target and sense specific electrically active components of cells. By addressing this limitation, researchers give rise to new capabilities for facilitating the two-way transduction signalling mechanisms between the electronic and cellular components. This is required to allow significant advancement of bioelectronic technology which offers new ways of treating and diagnosing diseases. Most of the progress that has been achieved to date in developing bioelectronic therapeutics stimulate neural communication, which ultimately orchestrates organ function back to a healthy state. Some devices used in therapeutics include cochlear and retinal implants and vagus nerve stimulators. However, all cells can be impacted by electrical inputs which gives rise to the opportunity to broaden the use of bioelectronic medicine for treating disease. Electronic actuation of non-excitable cells has been shown to lead to ‘programmed’ cell behaviour via application of electronic input which alter key biological processes. A neglected form of cellular electrical communication which has not yet been considered when developing bioelectronic therapeutics is faradaic currents. These are generated during redox reactions. A precedent of electrochemical technology being used to modulate these reactions, thereby controlling cell behaviour, has already been set. In this mini review we highlight the current state of the art of electronic routes to modulating cell behaviour and identify new ways in which electrochemistry could be used to contribute to the new field of bioelectronic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sanjuan-Alberte
- 1Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL UK.,2Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL UK
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- 3Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL UK
| | - Richard J M Hague
- 2Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL UK
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- 1Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL UK
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Stephenson-Brown A, Yong S, Mansor MH, Hussein Z, Yip NC, Mendes PM, Fossey JS, Rawson FJ. Electronic communication of cells with a surface mediated by boronic acid saccharide interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17213-6. [PMID: 26413585 PMCID: PMC4668958 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04311e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of a molecularly tailored surface functionalised with a saccharide binding motif, a phenyl boronic acid derivative is reported. The functionalised surface facilitated the transfer of electrons, via unique electronic interactions mediated by the presence of the boronic acid, from a macrophage cell line. This is the first example of eukaryotic cellular-electrical communication mediated by the binding of cells via their cell-surface saccharide units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Stephenson-Brown
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sue Yong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Muhammad H Mansor
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Zarrar Hussein
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nga-Chi Yip
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paula M Mendes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, UK
| | - John S Fossey
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, UK
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK.
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