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Rosenkranz AA, Slastnikova TA, Durymanov MO, Georgiev GP, Sobolev AS. Exploiting active nuclear import for efficient delivery of Auger electron emitters into the cell nucleus. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:28-38. [PMID: 32856963 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1815889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most attractive features of Auger electrons (AEs) in cancer therapy are their extremely short range and sufficiently high linear energy transfer (LET) for a majority of them. The cytotoxic effects of AE emitters can be realized only in close vicinity to sensitive cellular targets and they are negligible if the emitters are located outside the cell. The nucleus is considered the compartment most sensitive to high LET particles. Therefore, the use of AE emitters could be most useful in specific recognition of a cancer cell and delivery of AE emitters into its nucleus. PURPOSE This review describes the studies aimed at developing effective anticancer agents for the delivery of AE emitters to the nuclei of target cancer cells. The use of peptide-based conjugates, nanoparticles, recombinant proteins, and other constructs for AE emitter targeted intranuclear delivery as well as their advantages and limitations are discussed. CONCLUSION Transport from the cytoplasm to the nucleus along with binding to the cancer cell is one of the key stages in the delivery of AE emitters; therefore, several constructs for exploitation of this transport have been developed. The transport is carried out through a nuclear pore complex (NPC) with the use of specific amino acid nuclear localization sequences (NLS) and carrier proteins named importins, which are located in the cytosol. Therefore, the effectiveness of NLS-containing delivery constructs designed to provide energy-dependent transport of AE emitter into the nuclei of cancer cells also depends on their efficient entry into the cytosol of the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Wilson T, Pirovano G, Xiao G, Samuels Z, Roberts S, Viray T, Guru N, Zanzonico P, Gollub M, Pillarsetty N, Reiner T, Bargonetti J. PARP-Targeted Auger Therapy in p53 Mutant Colon Cancer Xenograft Mouse Models. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3418-3428. [PMID: 34318678 PMCID: PMC8686831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite Auger electrons being highly appealing due to their short-range and high linear energy transfer to surrounding tissues, the progress in the field has been limited due to the challenge in delivering a therapeutic dose within the close proximity of cancer cell's DNA. Here, we demonstrate that the PARP inhibitor 123I-MAPi is a viable agent for the systemic administration and treatment of p53 mutant cancers. Significantly, minimal off-site toxicity was observed in mice administered with up to 74 MBq of 127I-PARPi. Taken together, these results lay the foundation for future clinical evaluation and broader preclinical investigations. By harnessing the scaffold of the PARP inhibitor Olaparib, we were able to deliver therapeutic levels of Auger radiation to the site of human colorectal cancer xenograft tumors after systemic administration. In-depth toxicity studies analyzed blood chemistry levels and markers associated with specific organ toxicity. Finally, p53+/+ and p53-/- human colorectal cancer cell lines were evaluated for the ability of 123I-MAPi to induce tumor growth delay. Toxicity studies demonstrate that both 123I-MAPi and its stable isotopologue, 127I-PARPi, have no significant off-site toxicity when administered systemically. Analysis following 123I-MAPi treatment confirmed its ability to induce DNA damage at the site of xenograft tumors when administered systemically. Finally, we demonstrate that 123I-MAPi generates a therapeutic response in p53-/-, but not p53+/+, subcutaneous xenograft tumors in mouse models. Taken together, these results represent the first example of a PARP Auger theranostic agent capable of delivering a therapeutic dose to xenograft human colorectal cancer tumors upon systemic administration without causing significant toxicity to surrounding mouse organs. Moreover, it suggests that a PARP Auger theranostic can act as a targeted therapeutic for cancers with mutated p53 pathways. This landmark goal paves the way for clinical evaluation of 123I-MAPi for pan cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Giacomo Pirovano
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gu Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zachary Samuels
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sheryl Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tara Viray
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Navjot Guru
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pat Zanzonico
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marc Gollub
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jill Bargonetti
- Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center Biology and Biochemistry PhD Program of City University of New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Novak D, Tomašič T, Krošelj M, Javornik U, Plavec J, Anderluh M, Kolenc Peitl P. Radiolabelled CCK 2 R Antagonists Containing PEG Linkers: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:155-163. [PMID: 32643833 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cholecystokinin-2/gastrin receptor (CCK2 R) is considered a suitable target for the development of radiolabelled antagonists, due to its overexpression in various tumours, but no such compounds are available in clinical use. Therefore, we designed novel 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-conjugated ligands based on CCK2 R antagonist Z360/nastorazepide. As a proof of concept that CCK2 R antagonistic activity can be retained by extending the Z360/nastorazepide structure using suitable linker, we present herein three compounds containing various PEG linkers synthesised on solid phase and in solution. The antagonistic properties were measured in a functional assay in the A431-CCK2 R cell line (in the presence of agonist G17), with IC50 values of 3.31, 4.11 and 10.4 nM for compounds containing PEG4 , PEG6 and PEG12 , respectively. All compounds were successfully radiolabelled with indium-111, lutetium-177 and gallium-68 (incorporation of radiometal >95 %). The gallium-68-labelled compounds were stable for up to 2 h (PBS, 37 °C). log D7.4 values were determined for indium-111- and gallium-68-labelled compounds, showing improved hydrophilicity compared to the reference compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doroteja Novak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,The Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- The Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Krošelj
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Javornik
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- The Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Kolenc Peitl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Poret B, Desrues L, Bonin MA, Pedard M, Dubois M, Leduc R, Modzelewski R, Decazes P, Morin F, Vera P, Castel H, Bohn P, Gandolfo P. Development of Novel 111-In-Labelled DOTA Urotensin II Analogues for Targeting the UT Receptor Overexpressed in Solid Tumours. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E471. [PMID: 32204509 PMCID: PMC7175314 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in tumours is widely used to develop GPCR-targeting radioligands for solid tumour imaging in the context of diagnosis and even treatment. The human vasoactive neuropeptide urotensin II (hUII), which shares structural analogies with somatostatin, interacts with a single high affinity GPCR named UT. High expression of UT has been reported in several types of human solid tumours from lung, gut, prostate, or breast, suggesting that UT is a valuable novel target to design radiolabelled hUII analogues for cancer diagnosis. In this study, two original urotensinergic analogues were first conjugated to a DOTA chelator via an aminohexanoic acid (Ahx) hydrocarbon linker and then -hUII and DOTA-urantide, complexed to the radioactive metal indium isotope to successfully lead to radiolabelled DOTA-Ahx-hUII and DOTA-Ahx-urantide. The 111In-DOTA-hUII in human plasma revealed that only 30% of the radioligand was degraded after a 3-h period. DOTA-hUII and DOTA-urantide exhibited similar binding affinities as native peptides and relayed calcium mobilization in HEK293 cells expressing recombinant human UT. DOTA-hUII, not DOTA-urantide, was able to promote UT internalization in UT-expressing HEK293 cells, thus indicating that radiolabelled 111In-DOTA-hUII would allow sufficient retention of radioactivity within tumour cells or radiolabelled DOTA-urantide may lead to a persistent binding on UT at the plasma membrane. The potential of these radioligands as candidates to target UT was investigated in adenocarcinoma. We showed that hUII stimulated the migration and proliferation of both human lung A549 and colorectal DLD-1 adenocarcinoma cell lines endogenously expressing UT. In vivo intravenous injection of 111In-DOTA-hUII in C57BL/6 mice revealed modest organ signals, with important retention in kidney. 111In-DOTA-hUII or 111In-DOTA-urantide were also injected in nude mice bearing heterotopic xenografts of lung A549 cells or colorectal DLD-1 cells both expressing UT. The observed significant renal uptake and low tumour/muscle ratio (around 2.5) suggest fast tracer clearance from the organism. Together, DOTA-hUII and DOTA-urantide were successfully radiolabelled with 111Indium, the first one functioning as a UT agonist and the second one as a UT-biased ligand/antagonist. To allow tumour-specific targeting and prolong body distribution in preclinical models bearing some solid tumours, these radiolabelled urotensinergic analogues should be optimized for being used as potential molecular tools for diagnosis imaging or even treatment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Poret
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.-A.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Laurence Desrues
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marc-André Bonin
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.-A.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Martin Pedard
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Martine Dubois
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Richard Leduc
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.-A.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Romain Modzelewski
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Decazes
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Fabrice Morin
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Vera
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Hélène Castel
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Bohn
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierrick Gandolfo
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
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Delivery systems exploiting natural cell transport processes of macromolecules for intracellular targeting of Auger electron emitters. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 80-81:45-56. [PMID: 31810828 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of Auger electrons (AE) among the decay products of a number of radionuclides makes these radionuclides an attractive means for treating cancer because these short-range electrons can cause significant damage in the immediate vicinity of the decomposition site. Moreover, the extreme locality of the effect provides a potential for selective eradication of cancer cells with minimal damage to adjacent normal cells provided that the delivery of the AE emitter to the most vulnerable parts of the cell can be achieved. Few cellular compartments have been regarded as the desired target site for AE emitters, with the cell nucleus generally recognized as the preferred site for AE decay due to the extreme sensitivity of nuclear DNA to direct damage by radiation of high linear energy transfer. Thus, the advantages of AE emitters for cancer therapy are most likely to be realized by their selective delivery into the nucleus of the malignant cells. To achieve this goal, delivery systems must combine a challenging complex of properties that not only provide cancer cell preferential recognition but also cell entry followed by transport into the cell nucleus. A promising strategy for achieving this is the recruitment of natural cell transport processes of macromolecules, involved in each of the aforementioned steps. To date, a number of constructs exploiting intracellular transport systems have been proposed for AE emitter delivery to the nucleus of a targeted cell. An example of such a multifunctional vehicle that provides smart step-by-step delivery is the so-called modular nanotransporter, which accomplishes selective recognition, binding, internalization, and endosomal escape followed by nuclear import of the delivered radionuclide. The current review will focus on delivery systems utilizing various intracellular transport pathways and their combinations in order to provide efficient targeting of AE to the cancer cell nucleus.
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Sobolev AS. Modular Nanotransporters for Nuclear-Targeted Delivery of Auger Electron Emitters. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:952. [PMID: 30210340 PMCID: PMC6119715 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes artificial modular nanotransporters (MNTs) delivering their cargos into target cells and then into the nuclei – the most vulnerable cell compartment for most anticancer agents and especially for radionuclides emitting short-range particles. The MNT strategy uses natural subcellular transport processes inherent in practically all cells including cancer cells. The MNTs use these processes just as a passenger who purchased tickets for a multiple-transfer trip making use of different kinds of public transport to reach the desired destination. The MNTs are fusion polypeptides consisting of several parts, replaceable modules, accomplishing binding to a specific receptor on the cell and subsequent internalization, endosomal escape and transport into the cell nucleus. Radionuclides emitting short-range particles, like Auger electron emitters, acquire cell specificity and significantly higher cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo when delivered by the MNTs into the nuclei of cancer cells. MNT modules are interchangeable, allowing replacement of receptor recognition modules, which permits their use for different types of cancer cells and, as a cocktail of several MNTs, for targeting several tumor-specific molecules for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Sobolev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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