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Chachorovska M, Lefton JB, Petrushevski G, Geskovski N, Jakimovska V, Makreski P. Solid-State Phase Transformation of Monohydrate and Anhydrous Form II of Sitagliptin Phosphate into a Novel Anhydrous Form IV - Solvent-Driven, Temperature-Induced and Stress Testings. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:396-406. [PMID: 37972890 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The solid form landscape of sitagliptin phosphate was systematically evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), supported by a plethora of auxiliary analytical techniques. The preformulation experiments resulted in the transition of sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate into a new anhydrous form (designated as form IV), obtained after recrystallization from absolute ethanol. The anhydrous form IV remained stable under stressed conditions (1 month at 25 °C/60 %RH and 40 °C/75 %RH). On the other hand, thermal heating (dehydration) of sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate resulted in conversion into another anhydrous form II. Form II was found to be metastable, because after melting, under exposure at 40 °C/75 %RH for 1 month, or when dissolved in absolute ethanol converted to the stable anhydrous form IV of sitagliptin phosphate. A monotropic relationship was found between both studied anhydrous forms. Intrinsic dissolution tests revealed differences in the dissolution rates between the monohydrate and the anhydrous forms of sitagliptin phosphate. This research corrects the record with an accurate chemical composition of the anhydrous form IV of sitagliptin phosphate that was previously regarded as a hemiethanolate. In addition, the crystal structure of anhydrous form II of sitagliptin phosphate has been solved and reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Chachorovska
- Research and Development, Alkaloid AD, Bul. Aleksandar Makedonski 12, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia.
| | - Jonathan B Lefton
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 231 Fondren Science Building, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
| | - Gjorgji Petrushevski
- Quality Control, Alkaloid AD, Blvd. Aleksandar Makedonski 12, 1000, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia; Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Geskovski
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Viktorija Jakimovska
- Research and Development, Alkaloid AD, Bul. Aleksandar Makedonski 12, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Petre Makreski
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia.
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Purohit TJ, Amirapu S, Wu Z, Hanning SM. Rectal Bioavailability of Amoxicillin from Hollow-Type Suppositories: Effect of Chemical Form of Amoxicillin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1865. [PMID: 37514051 PMCID: PMC10383505 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rectal drug administration could offer advantages in the delivery of medicines for children by avoiding swallowability issues, improving stability and enabling administration by caregivers. This study aimed to evaluate the rectal bioavailability of hollow-type suppositories (HTS) and understand the effect of two chemical forms of amoxicillin: amoxicillin sodium (AS) or amoxicillin trihydrate (AMT). HTS were prepared by incorporating a lipophilic core containing the antibiotic with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell. Formulations were characterised in vitro, and the absolute bioavailability was determined in a rabbit model, while drug-base interactions were evaluated using X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The in vitro amoxicillin release from AMT HTS was delayed, taking 27.3 ± 4.9 h to release 50% drug compared with 1.7 h for the AS HTS, likely due to solubility differences between AMT and AS. The presence of orthorhombic AMT and anhydrous AS crystals in respective HTS was confirmed via XRD and DSC. PEG shells were able to protect the drug chemical stability when stored at 25 °C/60% RH. Despite the difference in their in vitro release rates, a similar rectal bioavailability was found in both forms of amoxicillin (absolute bioavailability 68.2 ± 6.6% vs. 72.8 ± 32.2% for AMT HTS and AS HTS, respectively; p = 0.9682). Both HTS formulations showed little or no irritation to the rectal mucosa following a single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trusha J Purohit
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Satya Amirapu
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Sara M Hanning
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Evaluation of temperature excursions from USP <659> recommendations during mail transit. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2023; 63:847-852. [PMID: 36858884 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients use mail delivery as a convenient alternative to acquiring medications in person. Federal laws require nonspecialty oral medications to be stored at controlled room temperature during distribution; however, no laws or regulations govern temperature requirements for medication transport among patients, which may expose medications to harmful temperature excursions. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate temperature excursions during mail transit based on the shipment method, carrier, and season. METHODS This prospective study monitored temperature fluctuations during simulated mail transit between New Jersey, California, and Tennessee over winter (December 2019-February 2020) and summer (August-September 2020) time frames. Packages with data-logging thermometers were shipped to 3 U.S. destinations via 3 common mail carriers and 2 popular shipping methods. Three packages were mailed for each combination of season, carrier, and shipping method, representing 36 individual packages. The primary end point was percent of transit time out of range (OOR) based on the United States Pharmacopeia <659> recommended range, 68°F to 77°F. Additional end points include package transit durations and extreme temperatures. RESULTS Evaluated packages spent an average of 68.3% of transit time OOR. In winter, 3-day and next business day packages spent similar time OOR (80.1% vs. 78%). In summer, 3-day packages spent more time OOR compared with next business day shipping (43.1% vs. 13.6%). Mean transit time was statistically significantly longer for 3-day packages (406.6 hours vs. 303.1 hours; P < 0.0001). Mean winter transit time was statistically significantly longer than summer (475.7 hours vs. 233.9 hours; P < 0.001) regardless of the shipping method. The minimum and maximum temperatures recorded were 5.1°F and 102.3°F, respectively. CONCLUSION Package temperatures were outside of the recommended range for most of the transit time regardless of the shipping method, carrier, or season.
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la Vega ASD, Duarte LJ, Silva AF, Skelton JM, Rocha-Rinza T, Popelier PLA. Towards an atomistic understanding of polymorphism in molecular solids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11278-11294. [PMID: 35481948 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00457g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling polymorphism in molecular solids is a major unsolved problem in crystal engineering. While the ability to calculate accurate lattice energies with atomistic modelling provides valuable insight into the associated energy scales, existing methods cannot connect energy differences to the delicate balances of intra- and intermolecular forces that ultimately determine polymorph stability ordering. We report herein a protocol for applying Quantum Chemical Topology (QCT) to study the key intra- and intermolecular interactions in molecular solids, which we use to compare the three known polymorphs of succinic acid including the recently-discovered γ form. QCT provides a rigorous partitioning of the total energy into contributions associated with topological atoms, and a quantitative and chemically intuitive description of the intra- and intermolecular interactions. The newly-proposed Relative Energy Gradient (REG) method ranks atomistic energy terms (steric, electrostatic and exchange) by their importance in constructing the total energy profile for a chemical process. We find that the conformation of the succinic acid molecule is governed by a balance of large and opposing electrostatic interactions, while the H-bond dimerisation is governed by a combination of electrostatics and sterics. In the solids, an atomistic energy balance emerges that governs the contraction, towards the equilibrium geometry, of a molecular cluster representing the bulk crystal. The protocol we put forward is as general as the capabilities of the underlying quantum-mechanical model and it can provide novel perspectives on polymorphism in a wide range of chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sauza-de la Vega
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán C.P. 0.4510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonardo J Duarte
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Univ. of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK. .,Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6154, Campinas, SP, CEP 13.083-970, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo F Silva
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Univ. of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Jonathan M Skelton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tomás Rocha-Rinza
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán C.P. 0.4510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul L A Popelier
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Univ. of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Maestrelli F, Cirri M, De Luca E, Biagi D, Mura P. Role of Cyclodextrins and Drug Solid State Properties on Flufenamic Acid Dissolution Performance from Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020284. [PMID: 35214017 PMCID: PMC8880332 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flufenamic acid (FFA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug characterised by a low solubility and problems of variable dissolution rate and bio-inequivalence. Different FFA batches, obtained by different suppliers, showed different powder characteristics (particle size, shape and surface properties) that may affect its dissolution behaviour from solid dosage forms. Aim of this work was the improvement of FFA solubility and dissolution rate by the use of cyclodextrins (CDs) and the obtainment of an effective tablet formulation by direct compression. Several CDs have been tested, both in solution and in solid state and several binary systems drug-CDs have been obtained with different techniques, with the scope to select the most effective system. Grinding technique with randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) was the only one that allowed the complete drug amorphization, together with the highest improvement in drug dissolution rate, and was then selected for tablets formulation. Conventional and immediate release tablets were obtained and fully characterised for technological properties. In both cases an improved and well reproducible drug dissolution performance was obtained, independently from the FFA supplier and thus no more affected by the differences observed between the original FFA crystalline samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maestrelli
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (E.D.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Marzia Cirri
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (E.D.L.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Enrico De Luca
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (E.D.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Diletta Biagi
- Menarini Manufacturing Logistic and Services s.r.l. (AMMLS), Via dei Sette Santi 1/3, 50131 Florence, Italy;
| | - Paola Mura
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (E.D.L.); (P.M.)
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Garg U, Azim Y. Challenges and opportunities of pharmaceutical cocrystals: a focused review on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:705-721. [PMID: 34124670 PMCID: PMC8152597 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of the review is to discuss the relevant and essential aspects of pharmaceutical cocrystals in both academia and industry with an emphasis on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although cocrystals have been prepared for a plethora of drugs, NSAID cocrystals are focused due to their humongous application in different fields of medication such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiplatelet, antitumor, and anti-carcinogenic drugs. The highlights of the review are (a) background of cocrystals and other solid forms of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) based on the principles of crystal engineering, (b) why cocrystals are an excellent opportunity in the pharma industry, (c) common methods of preparation of cocrystals from the lab scale to bulk quantity, (d) some latest case studies of NSAIDs which have shown better physicochemical properties for example; mechanical properties (tabletability), hydration, solubility, bioavailability, and permeability, and (e) latest guidelines of the US FDA and EMA opening new opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Garg
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Yasser Azim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 Uttar Pradesh India
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Todaro V, Healy AM. Development and characterization of ibuprofen co-crystals granules prepared via fluidized bed granulation in a one-step process - a design of experiment approach. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:292-301. [PMID: 33496638 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1879836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The focus of this study was to investigate the possibility of producing ibuprofen-nicotinamide (IBU-NIC) and ibuprofen-isonicotinamide (IBU-INA) cocrystal-containing granules, using a one-step fluidized bed dryer granulation manufacturing process, and evaluate their mechanical properties. SIGNIFICANCE Pharmaceutical cocrystals represent a suitable strategy to improve properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), such as solubility and processability. Ibuprofen (IBU) is a small molecule API which can form cocrystals with different coformers, including NIC and INA. An improvement in mechanical properties for IBU-NIC cocrystals relative to IBU was previously reported but, to date, the formulation of IBU cocrystals in a solid dosage form has not been investigated. METHODS In situ cocrystallization and granulation were achieved concurrently by processing in a lab-scale fluidized bed granulator following a design of experiment (DoE) approach using a two-level factorial design with both process and formulation variables. Solid-state, micrometric, dissolution, and mechanical (tabletability) characteristics of granules were assessed post-processing. RESULTS Granules containing cocrystals were successfully prepared for 11 of 16 DoE runs. Parameters with a significant effect on granule drug loading, flow function, porosity, and size could be identified from the DoE model. Process yield was increased by using a high inlet temperature at high solution feed rate. To avoid the formation of sticky particles, caking and over-wetting of the powder during the process, the utilization of high inlet temperature, low API + coformer:filler ratio, low API concentration in solution and low solution feed rate were suggested by the model. CONCLUSION The multivariable model developed enables accurate optimization of the granulation process for IBU cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Todaro
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A M Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Jurczak E, Mazurek AH, Szeleszczuk Ł, Pisklak DM, Zielińska-Pisklak M. Pharmaceutical Hydrates Analysis-Overview of Methods and Recent Advances. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100959. [PMID: 33050621 PMCID: PMC7601571 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses a set of instrumental and computational methods that are used to characterize hydrated forms of APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients). The focus has been put on highlighting advantages as well as on presenting some limitations of the selected analytical approaches. This has been performed in order to facilitate the choice of an appropriate method depending on the type of the structural feature that is to be analyzed, that is, degree of hydration, crystal structure and dynamics, and (de)hydration kinetics. The presented techniques include X-ray diffraction (single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD)), spectroscopic (solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)), gravimetric (dynamic vapour sorption (DVS)), and computational (molecular mechanics (MM), Quantum Mechanics (QM), molecular dynamics (MD)) methods. Further, the successful applications of the presented methods in the studies of hydrated APIs as well as studies on the excipients' influence on these processes have been described in many examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jurczak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Anna Helena Mazurek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-501-255-121
| | - Dariusz Maciej Pisklak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Monika Zielińska-Pisklak
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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Maestrelli F, Rossi P, Paoli P, De Luca E, Mura P. The role of solid state properties on the dissolution performance of flufenamic acid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 180:113058. [PMID: 31881398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Flufenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug characterized by a low solubility and a variable oral bioavailability. Flufenamic acid is present in the commercial products in two polymorphic enantiotropic forms (Form I and III). Bioinequivalence was observed for commercial solid dosage forms due to the different dissolution rate of batches. Aim of this work is the full characterization of the solid state properties of flufenamic acid in order to evidence reasons of its variable dissolution properties. Two different batches of pure drug obtained by different suppliers were fully characterized. In order to evaluate the effect of the technological processes used for tablet production, the powders were submitted to grinding, kneading, and compression. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction studies proved that the drug was provided by both suppliers as Form I, Form III is obtained by recrystallization from ethanol or ethanol/water of both batches and no changes were observed after the different mechanical treatments. No difference was observed between the two forms in terms of equilibrium solubility values. Dissolution rate studies evidenced a difference between the two batches due to their different particle size, which disappeared after sieving. Interestingly, a significant difference in terms of intrinsic dissolution rate and surface wettability of the two compacted powders was observed, even after sieving, probably related to a different behavior of the two powder samples under compaction. These results should be taken into account, during a tablet formulation, in order to obtain a reproducible dissolution performance of the drug, regardless of its original supplier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maestrelli
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via U. Schiff, 6 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, via Santa Marta 3, Florence, Italy.
| | - Paola Paoli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, via Santa Marta 3, Florence, Italy.
| | - Enrico De Luca
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via U. Schiff, 6 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Paola Mura
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, via U. Schiff, 6 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Calvo NL, Balzaretti NM, Antonio M, Kaufman TS, Maggio RM. Chemometrics-assisted study of the interconversion between the crystalline forms of nimodipine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:461-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tarlier N, Soulairol I, Sanchez-Ballester N, Baylac G, Aubert A, Lefevre P, Bataille B, Sharkawi T. Deformation behavior of crystallized mannitol during compression using a rotary tablet press simulator. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:142-149. [PMID: 29777764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Mannitol is commonly used as a pharmaceutical excipient for tablets; the most widely used oral dosage form for drug delivery. For tableting, mannitol is provided in two different forms: native crystals and textured particles. In order to optimize its formulation, a good understanding of the mechanical behavior mechanism of mannitol is necessary. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the deformation mechanism of native mannitol crystals presenting different particle sizes. Pharmaco-technical and compression studies were performed using mannitol with different mean diameters (160 µm, 50 µm and 25 µm). Lactose (monohydrate) and microcrystalline cellulose were used as brittle and plastic reference materials, respectively. Tableting tests and mathematical models, HECKEL and WALKER, were used to study the deformation mechanism of mannitol (β). Mean Yield Pressure (Py) and WALKER coefficient (W) values showed that the studied crystalline mannitol presents a deformation mechanism close to brittle material. A particle-size analyzer was used at different pulverization pressures to show the high sensibility of the mannitol particles to fragmentation when exposed to high pressures, especially for particles presenting 160 µm size. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to show the fragmentation after high-pressure measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tarlier
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR5253 Equipe MACS, UFR Science Pharmaceutique - Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Customer Technical Service Pharma, Roquette Freres, Lestrem, France.
| | - Ian Soulairol
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR5253 Equipe MACS, UFR Science Pharmaceutique - Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Department of Pharmacy, CHU Caremeau, Nimes, France
| | - Noelia Sanchez-Ballester
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR5253 Equipe MACS, UFR Science Pharmaceutique - Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Baylac
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR5253 Equipe MACS, UFR Science Pharmaceutique - Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Adrien Aubert
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR5253 Equipe MACS, UFR Science Pharmaceutique - Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Lefevre
- Customer Technical Service Pharma, Roquette Freres, Lestrem, France
| | - Bernard Bataille
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR5253 Equipe MACS, UFR Science Pharmaceutique - Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tahmer Sharkawi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR5253 Equipe MACS, UFR Science Pharmaceutique - Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Egusa K, Okazaki F, Schiewe J, Werthmann U, Wolkenhauer M. Identification of Polymorphic Forms of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in Low-Concentration Dry Powder Formulations by Synchrotron X-Ray Powder Diffraction. Drugs R D 2017; 17:413-418. [PMID: 28905245 PMCID: PMC5629136 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-017-0196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of different (pseudo) polymorphs of an active pharmaceutical ingredient in dry powder formulations is of importance during development and entire product lifecycle, e.g., quality control. Whereas determination of polymorphic differences of pure substances is rather easy, in dry powder formulations, it is generally difficult and the difficulties increase particularly, if the substance of interest is present only in low concentrations in the formulation. Such a formulation is Spiriva® inhalation powder (Boehringer Ingelheim), which contains only 0.4 w/w% of the active pharmaceutical ingredient tiotropium bromide monohydrate in a matrix of α-lactose monohydrate as excipient. Methods In this study, identification of 0.4 w/w% tiotropium bromide in the dry powder formulation was examined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) using a synchrotron radiation source and the results were compared with the conventional laboratory XRPD measurements. Results The detection limit of tiotropium bromide by the laboratory XRPD was around 2–5 w/w%, and hence, detection of 0.4 w/w% tiotropium bromide was impossible. The synchrotron XRPD was capable to detect significantly lower level of tiotropium bromide by at least an order of magnitude. Conclusion Four different polymorphic forms of tiotropium bromide present at 0.4 w/w% concentration in lactose powder blends were unambiguously identified by the synchrotron XRPD method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Egusa
- CMC Department, Kobe Pharma Research Institute, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Okazaki
- CMC Department, Kobe Pharma Research Institute, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd, Kobe, Japan
| | - Joerg Schiewe
- Respiratory Drug Delivery, Development Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Ulrike Werthmann
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Development Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Markus Wolkenhauer
- Respiratory Drug Delivery, Development Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany.
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Understanding pharmaceutical polymorphic transformations II: crystallization variables and influence on dosage forms. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:721-40. [PMID: 26149787 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Excipients or formulation variables have often been exploited to improve stability, modify release, or improve physicochemical properties of dosage forms. In pharmaceutical field, it is generally expected that excipients work at macromolecular level where they might influence the crystal structure of a solid. These polymers/colloidal particles may modify the rate and direction of crystal growth. It has also been observed, that different polymorphic crystals exhibit different colors on exposure to same colorant, predominantly due to difference in surface pH of different crystal lattices. Apart from physicochemical affect, crystal habit also influences pharmacokinetic parameters of the dosage form. Crystals with smaller size or lower lattice energy have shown to exhibit higher bioavailability with faster rate of release.
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