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Daryabor G, Gholijani N, Kahmini FR. A review of the critical role of vitamin D axis on the immune system. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 132-133:104866. [PMID: 37572961 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the physiological and molecular functions of vitamin D (Vit-D) have been deeply investigated. At first, Vit-D was considered a regulator of mineral and skeletal homeostasis. However, due to the extensive-expression pattern of Vit-D receptor (VDR) in almost every non-skeletal cell, Vit-D is considered mainly a multifunctional agent with broad effects on various tissues, notably the immune system. The expression of VDR in immune cells such as dendritic cells, monocyte/macrophage, neutrophils, B cells and T cells has been well demonstrated. Besides, such immune cells are capable of metabolizing the active form of Vit-D which means that it can module the immune system in both paracrine and autocrine manners. Vit-D binding protein (DBP), that regulates the levels and homeostasis of Vit-D, is another key molecule capable of modulating the immune system. Recent studies indicate that dysregulation of Vit-D axis, variations in the DBP and VDR genes, and Vit-D levels might be risk factors for the development of autoimmune disease. Here, the current evidence regarding the role of Vit-D axis on the immune system, as well as its role in the development of autoimmune disease will be clarified. Further insight will be given to those studies that investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of DBP and VDR genes with autoimmune disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Daryabor
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasser Gholijani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei Kahmini
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Awasthi R, Manger PT, Khare RK. Fok I and Bsm I gene polymorphism of vitamin D receptor and essential hypertension: a mechanistic link. Clin Hypertens 2023; 29:5. [PMID: 36788562 PMCID: PMC9930263 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-022-00229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene serves as a good candidate gene for susceptibility to essential hypertension. The gene regulates the renin angiotensin system by influencing blood pressure regulation. Around 3% of the human genome is regulated by the vitamin D endocrine system. Several studies have reported mixed results with respect to relationship of VDR gene and hypertension. Observational evidence supports the concept that vitamin D plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and arterial hypertension which is further supported by meta-analysis and case control studies reporting how VDR polymorphism leads to the onset and development of hypertension. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on the link between VDR and hypertension, including mechanistic studies, observational data, and clinical trials showing relationship of vitamin D level and hypertension with a focus on recent findings related to genetic studies that showed the relationship of VDR gene polymorphism with vitamin D level in hypertensive and normotensive groups. As a result, determining the association of VDR polymorphisms with essential hypertension is expected to aid in the risk assessment for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Awasthi
- grid.411723.20000 0004 1756 4240Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Priyanka Thapa Manger
- Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar Khare
- grid.411723.20000 0004 1756 4240Department of Medicine, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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3
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Zhou F, Liang Z, Wang X, Tan G, Wei W, Zheng G, Ma X, Tian D, Li H, Yu H. The VDR gene confers a genetic predisposition to Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy in the Southwest Chinese Han population. Gene 2021; 793:145750. [PMID: 34077777 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Graves' disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disease manifesting with diffuse symmetric thyroid gland enlargement, pretibial myxedema, and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Recently, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has been linked to various autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association of VDR gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to GD and GO in the Southwest Chinese Han population. METHODS A two-stage association study was performed in 1,209 controls and 650 GD patients by PCR-RFLP assay. Real-time PCR and ELISA were carried out to quantify gene expression and cytokine production. RESULTS The first-stage study showed that the frequency of VDR/Apa I AA genotype was significantly increased in GD (Pc = 1.67 × 10-2, OR = 1.98). The second-stage and combined studies confirmed the association of VDR/Apa I with GD (AA genotype: Pc = 3.45 × 10-4, OR = 1.87; A allele: Pc = 2.62 × 10-2, OR = 1.20). The stratification analysis showed that GO patients had a higher frequency of the VDR/Apa I AA genotype (Pc = 8.69 × 10-5, OR = 2.84). Functional experiments showed a decreased VDR expression and TGF-β1 production as well as an increased IL-17 production in VDR/Apa I AA genotype carriers. CONCLUSION The VDR/Apa I polymorphism is significantly associated with GD and GO, and it may be involved in the development of GD and GO by influencing VDR mRNA expression levels and the secretion levels of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Zhongzhi Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Guiqin Tan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Wenwen Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Guangbing Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Dan Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Hua Li
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Hongsong Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China.
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4
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Relationship between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and vitamin D levels in children. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.911212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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5
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Nunes IFOC, Cavalcante AACM, Alencar MVOB, Carvalho MDF, Sarmento JLR, Teixeira NSCCA, Paiva AA, Carvalho LR, Nascimento LFM, Cruz MSP, Rogero MM, Lima AB, Carvalho CMRG. Meta-Analysis of the Association Between the rs228570 Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Arterial Hypertension Risk. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1211-1220. [PMID: 32597926 PMCID: PMC7490169 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between FokI polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and susceptibility to arterial hypertension (HT) is controversial. Thus, we evaluated the relation between FokI and HT according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using MEDLINE® (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online)/PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL databases. Data from case-control studies, including the number of participants, age, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, FokI allele, and genotype frequency were extracted by 2 independent authors and OR was calculated with the 95% CI to assess the strength of the association between the FokI variant and odds of HT. In general and subgroup analyses, we used allelic (f compared with F), common (ff compared with FF + Ff), risk (ff + Ff compared with FF), and additive (ff compared with FF) models. Six case-control studies including 3140 cases and 3882 controls were reviewed in the meta-analysis. Global assessment revealed a correlation between FokI and reduced odds of HT in the additive/homozygote model (ff compared with FF; OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.45-0.94) and common/recessive model (ff compared with FF + Ff; OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.57-0.99). In Asian subjects, there was a significant reduction in the odds of HT in additive (ff compared with FF; OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73-0.98) and risk models (ff + Ff compared with FF; OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.97), in particular, for Indians (South). In Africans, the statistically significant association occurred in the additive and common models. Allele f in the FokI polymorphism of the VDR gene was associated with reduced odds of HT in the general population based on the risk model. Thus, nutritional genomics can help understand the influence of nutrition on metabolic homeostasis pathways and the clinical consequences of hypertension. This study shows the need for healthy, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant compounds to prevent or treat chronic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana A C M Cavalcante
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of
Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Marcus V O B Alencar
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of
Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Marcos D F Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piauí,
Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José L R Sarmento
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of
Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Nayra S C C A Teixeira
- Post-Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of
Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Adriana A Paiva
- Post-Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of
Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Lídia R Carvalho
- Post-Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of
Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo F M Nascimento
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of
Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Maria S P Cruz
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of
Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Rogero
- Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia C B Lima
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí,
Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Cecilia M R G Carvalho
- Post-Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of
Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Gallo D, Mortara L, Gariboldi MB, Cattaneo SAM, Rosetti S, Gentile L, Noonan DM, Premoli P, Cusini C, Tanda ML, Bartalena L, Piantanida E. Immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D and its potential role in the prevention and treatment of thyroid autoimmunity: a narrative review. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:413-429. [PMID: 31584143 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The main role of vitamin D is to control mineral homeostasis. However, recent studies suggested the existence of a number of extraskeletal effects. Among the latter, preclinical studies provided consistent data on the involvement of vitamin D in innate and adaptive immunity and autoimmunity. Molecular biology studies showed that both vitamin D receptor and vitamin D enzymatic complexes are expressed in a large number of cells and tissues unrelated to mineral homeostasis. In contrast, only a few randomized clinical trials in humans investigated the possible role of vitamin D in the prevention or treatment of immunological disorders. In this regard, low serum vitamin D levels have been reported in observational trials in human autoimmune disorders. The aim of the present paper was to review the potential implications of vitamin D in immune modulation, with special focus on thyroid autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - L Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - M B Gariboldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - S A M Cattaneo
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - S Rosetti
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - L Gentile
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - D M Noonan
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Science and Technology Pole (PST), IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - P Premoli
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - C Cusini
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - M L Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - L Bartalena
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - E Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy.
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7
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Veneti S, Anagnostis P, Adamidou F, Artzouchaltzi AM, Boboridis K, Kita M. Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and Graves' disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine 2019; 65:244-251. [PMID: 30924084 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD) and orbitopathy (GO) is not completely elucidated. On the other hand, vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have been associated with vulnerability to a plethora of chronic autoimmune diseases. The primary aim of this study was to synthesize evidence on the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and GD. Secondary aim was to investigate their association with GO. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL and Scopus, up to December 8, 2018. Data were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was quantified with I2 index. RESULTS Ten studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. TT subtype of TaqI polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of GD compared with Tt and tt polymorphisms (OR: 1.42; 95% CI, 1.05-1.94, p = 0.025), whereas tt was associated with a lower risk of GD, compared with TT and Tt polymorphisms (OR: 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62-0.99, p = 0.043). No association was found for ApaI, BsmI, and FokI polymorphisms. The bb subtype of BsmI polymorphism was associated with a lower risk in Asian, but with a higher GD risk in Caucasian populations, compared with BB/Bb subtypes. No eligible study was found regarding the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and the risk of GO. CONCLUSIONS The TT subtype of the TaqI polymorphism was associated with a higher susceptibility for GD compared with Tt and tt. Regarding BsmI, the bb subtype was associated with increased GD risk in Caucasians, whereas it is protective in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Veneti
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Fotini Adamidou
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Kostas Boboridis
- 1st University Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Kita
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Planck T, Shahida B, Malm J, Manjer J. Vitamin D in Graves Disease: Levels, Correlation with Laboratory and Clinical Parameters, and Genetics. Eur Thyroid J 2018; 7:27-33. [PMID: 29594051 PMCID: PMC5836255 DOI: 10.1159/000484521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare the vitamin D levels in patients with Graves disease (GD) with the general population and to correlate the vitamin D levels with laboratory and clinical parameters in GD. Moreover, we examined the genetic variation in genes involved in the vitamin D metabolism and their association with GD. METHODS The levels of vitamin D were compared in 292 patients with newly diagnosed GD and 2,305 controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and 1-α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) were examined for association with GD and/or Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) in 708 patients and 1,178 controls. RESULTS Patients with GD had significantly lower vitamin D levels compared to controls (55.0 ± 23.2 vs. 87.2 ± 27.6 nmol/L, p < 0.001). In patients with GD (n = 219), there was no association between the levels of vitamin D at diagnosis and free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb), GO at diagnosis, or relapse after terminating treatment with antithyroid drugs. Two SNPs in VDR were associated with GD: rs10735810 (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02-1.36, p = 0.02) and rs1544410 (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.03-1.47, p = 0.02). There was no difference in the mean vitamin D level between genotypes in either rs10735810 or rs154410. CONCLUSIONS Patients with GD had lower vitamin D levels compared to the general population; however, the vitamin D levels did not affect the laboratory or clinical parameters of GD. SNPs in the VDR influenced the risk of GD through mechanisms other than reducing the vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Planck
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- *Tereza Planck, MD, PhD, Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 24, SE-205 02 Malmö (Sweden), E-Mail
| | - Bushra Shahida
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Malm
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section for Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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9
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Gao XR, Yu YG. Meta-Analysis of the Association between Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms and the Risk of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:2846943. [PMID: 29765404 PMCID: PMC5885334 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2846943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (rs731236, rs1544410, rs2228570, and rs7975232) and the risk of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) had been investigated in previous studies. However, the results of these studies remained controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to derive a more precise conclusion. All related articles were systematically searched by PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of association. The overall results indicated that VDR rs731236 and rs2228570 polymorphisms were significantly associated with a reduced risk of AITD. However, a stratification analysis based on clinical types showed that VDR rs731236 and rs2228570 polymorphisms were associated only with a reduced risk of HT. A stratification analysis by ethnicity showed that VDR rs731236 polymorphism was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AITD in Asian and African populations. VDR rs2228570 polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of AITD in Asian populations. VDR rs1544410 polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of AITD in European and African populations, but with an increased risk of AITD in Asian populations. VDR rs7975232 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of AITD in African populations. In conclusion, the present study suggested that VDR rs731236, rs1544410, rs2228570, and rs7975232 polymorphisms were significantly associated with AITD risk. However, more well-designed studies should be performed to verify the current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ren Gao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yong-Guo Yu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
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10
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Li Q, Wang B, Mu K, Zhang J, Yang Y, Yao W, Zhu J, Zhang JA. Increased Risk of Thyroid Dysfunction Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:799. [PMID: 30687237 PMCID: PMC6336701 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysfunction seems to be common among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but the risk of thyroid dysfunction in RA has not been well-defined. Methods: We performed a case-control study of 65 RA patients and 550 matched non-RA subjects to assess the risk of thyroid dysfunction among Chinese RA patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis was also conducted to comprehensively define the relationship between RA and thyroid dysfunction. Results: The case-control study indicated that the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was significantly higher in RA patients than controls (OR = 2.89, P < 0.001). Further subgroup analyses revealed positive correlations of RA with hypothyroidism (OR = 2.28, P = 0.006) and hyperthyroidism (OR = 8.95, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed an independent association between RA and thyroid dysfunction (Adjusted OR = 2.89, 95%CI 1.63-5.12, P < 0.001). Meta-analysis of 15 independent studies also showed an obviously increased risk of thyroid dysfunction among RA patients (RR = 2.86, 95%CI 1.78-4.58, P < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis showed RA could obviously increase risk of hyperthyroidism (RR = 2.73, 95%CI 1.29-5.77, P = 0.043) and hypothyroidism (RR = 2.02, 95%CI 1.49-2.74, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study provides strong evidence for the increased risk of thyroid dysfunction among RA patients. Screening of thyroid dysfunction may be recommended for RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaida Mu
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-an Zhang
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Jolliffe DA, Walton RT, Griffiths CJ, Martineau AR. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D pathway associating with circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and non-skeletal health outcomes: Review of genetic association studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:18-29. [PMID: 26686945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins involved in vitamin D metabolism and transport are recognised to influence vitamin D status. Syntheses of genetic association studies linking these variants to non-skeletal health outcomes are lacking. We therefore conducted a literature review to identify reports of statistically significant associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 11 vitamin D pathway genes (DHCR7, CYP2R1, CYP3A4, CYP27A1, DBP, LRP2, CUB, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, VDR and RXRA) and non-bone health outcomes and circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D). A total of 120 genetic association studies reported positive associations, of which 44 investigated determinants of circulating 25(OH)D and/or 1,25(OH)2D concentrations, and 76 investigated determinants of non-skeletal health outcomes. Statistically significant associations were reported for a total of 55 SNP in the 11 genes investigated. There was limited overlap between genetic determinants of vitamin D status and those associated with non-skeletal health outcomes: polymorphisms in DBP, CYP2R1 and DHCR7 were the most frequent to be reported to associate with circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D, while polymorphisms in VDR were most commonly reported to associate with non-skeletal health outcomes, among which infectious and autoimmune diseases were the most represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Jolliffe
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK.
| | - Robert T Walton
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Christopher J Griffiths
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK.
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12
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Abstract
In this review we summarize recent opinions on the possible role of vitamin D in the risk of thyroid diseases development. It may be concluded from the available data that vitamin D deficiency, particularly levels below 12.5 ng/ml should be considered as an additional, but important risk factor for development of thyroid autoimmunity, both chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves' disease. A higher risk of Graves' disease development is also associated with several polymorphisms in the gene encoding for vitamin D binding protein and for the specific receptor of active form of vitamin D - 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) in the respective target cells. Important for development of thyroid cancer appeared polymorphisms of genes encoding for vitamin D receptors and of genes encoding for the participating hydroxylating enzymes in thyroid tissue, leading to a diminished local 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) formation capacity with following alteration of antiproliferatory, antiapoptotic and prodifferentiating efficacy of the latter. Whether supplementation with high doses of vitamin D or its analogues possesses preventive or therapeutic effect is an object of intensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vondra
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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13
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Xia SL, Lin XX, Guo MD, Zhang DG, Zheng SZ, Jiang LJ, Jin J, Lin XQ, Ding R, Jiang Y. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with Crohn's disease in Chinese patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:795-801. [PMID: 26513524 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates immune responses and inflammation through binding with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the active form of vitamin D. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level clinically reflects vitamin D status in the human body. We investigated the association of VDR polymorphisms and 25(OH)D levels in Chinese patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) were genotyped by SNaPshot. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS A total of 297 patients with CD and 446 controls were recruited. Compared with controls, mutant alleles and genotypes of BsmI and TaqI were less prevalent in patients with CD (all P < 0.05/4 = 0.0125). The AAC haplotype formed by BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI was also less prevalent in patients with CD (P = 0.004). Furthermore, 124 patients and 188 controls were randomly selected for measurements of 25(OH)D levels. Average 25(OH)D level was lower in patients with CD than in controls (15.46 ± 8.11 vs 21.64 ± 9.45 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and negatively linked to CD activity index (β = -0.829, P < 0.001), platelet count (β = -0.253, P < 0.001) and neutrophil percentage (β = -0.136, P = 0.005) in patients with CD. The ApaI mutant genotype and vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) were independently associated with CD (P = 0.009, P < 0.001, respectively). In patients with CD, vitamin D deficiency interacted with FokI, ApaI, and TaqI mutant genotypes (P = 0.027, P = 0.024, and P = 0.040, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D receptor (BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) mutations and lower 25(OH)D levels are associated with CD in Chinese patients. Moreover, VDR (FokI, ApaI, and TaqI) mutations and vitamin D deficiency may have a combined impact on CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-long Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin-xin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mao-dong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Da-guan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shu-zi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li-jia Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiu-qing Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ran Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Wenzhou Renmin Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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14
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Meng S, He ST, Jiang WJ, Xiao L, Li DF, Xu J, Shi XH, Zhang JA. Genetic susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases in a Chinese Han population: Role of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2015; 76:684-9. [PMID: 26593863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have found that some immune-related genes were associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). A couple of studies have explored the association between vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to AITDs in different populations and found conflicting results. This case-control study was designed to evaluate the role of polymorphisms of VDR gene in the predisposition of AITDs in a Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of 417 patients with Graves' disease (GD), 250 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and 301 healthy subjects were enrolled. The Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) Platform was applied to detect four SNPs (rs1544410, rs2228570, rs731236 and rs7975232) in the VDR gene. RESULTS In the rs7975232 allele A frequency showed a significant increase in GD patients (30.34% vs. 25.42% in controls; P=0.041, OR=1.278, 95%CI=1.010-1.617). However, no relationship was found between clinical phenotypes and the four SNPs. CONCLUSIONS This result suggests that the VDR gene may be one susceptibility gene which contributes to the risk of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508, Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Shuang-tao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508, Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Wen-juan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508, Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508, Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Dan-feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508, Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508, Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xiao-hong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508, Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, 1508, Longhang Road, Shanghai 201508, China.
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15
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Xu MY, Cao B, Yin J, Wang DF, Chen KL, Lu QB. Vitamin D and Graves' disease: a meta-analysis update. Nutrients 2015; 7:3813-27. [PMID: 26007334 PMCID: PMC4446781 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between vitamin D levels and Graves' disease is not well studied. This update review aims to further analyze the relationship in order to provide an actual view of estimating the risk. We searched for the publications on vitamin D and Graves' disease in English or Chinese on PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medical and Wanfang databases. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the vitamin D levels. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated for vitamin D deficiency. We also performed sensitivity analysis and meta-regression. Combining effect sizes from 26 studies for Graves' disease as an outcome found a pooled effect of SMD = -0.77 (95% CI: -1.12, -0.42; p < 0.001) favoring the low vitamin D level by the random effect analysis. The meta-regression found assay method had the definite influence on heterogeneity (p = 0.048). The patients with Graves' disease were more likely to be deficient in vitamin D compared to the controls (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.31, 3.81) with a high heterogeneity (I2 = 84.1%, p < 0.001). We further confirmed that low vitamin D status may increase the risk of Graves' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yan Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bing Cao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Nutrition, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dong-Fang Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Kai-Li Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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16
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Inoue N, Watanabe M, Ishido N, Katsumata Y, Kagawa T, Hidaka Y, Iwatani Y. The functional polymorphisms of VDR, GC and CYP2R1 are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 178:262-9. [PMID: 25046415 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a multi-functional immune regulator, and a low serum concentration of vitamin D promotes autoimmune inflammation. In this study, we evaluate the association between the prognosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and the functional polymorphisms of genes that regulate vitamin D metabolism. For 139 Graves' disease (GD) patients, 116 Hashimoto's disease (HD) patients and 76 control subjects, we genotyped the following polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP): vitamin D receptor (VDR): rs731236, rs7975232, rs2228570 and rs1544410; group-specific component (GC): rs7041 and rs4588; and CYP2R1: rs10741657. The frequency of the TT genotype for the rs731236 polymorphism was higher in GD patients than in HD patients (P = 0·0147). The frequency of the C allele for the rs7975232 polymorphism was higher in GD patients than in control subjects (P = 0·0349). The proportion of GD patients whose anti-thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb) level was >51% was higher in those with the CC genotype than in those with the CA+AA genotypes (P = 0·0065). The frequency of the CC genotype for the rs2228570 polymorphism was higher in HD patients than in control subjects (P = 0·0174) and GD patients (P = 0·0149). The frequency of the Gc1Gc1 genotype for the GC polymorphism and the AG genotype for the CYP2R1 polymorphism were lower in intractable GD than in GD in remission (P = 0·0093 and 0·0268, respectively). In conclusion, genetic differences in the VDR gene may be involved in the development of AITD and the activity of GD, whereas the genetic differences in the GC and CYP2R1 genes may be involved with the intractability of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Iordanidou M, Paraskakis E, Giannakopoulou E, Tavridou A, Gentile G, Borro M, Simmaco M, Chatzimichael A, Bush A, Manolopoulos VG. Vitamin D receptor ApaI a allele is associated with better childhood asthma control and improvement in ability for daily activities. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:673-81. [PMID: 25353337 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D levels have been suggested as a marker of disease severity in asthmatic children. Our aim was to investigate possible associations between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms and asthma susceptibility and control in children. 127 Greek children with asthma and 91 healthy controls were genotyped for VDR FokI, BsmI ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms using Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Asthma control was assessed according to the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines (GINA) and Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) and, for the first time, tested for its possible association with VDR SNPs. Asthmatic children were grouped as "controlled (n=49)", "partially controlled (n=38)," and "uncontrolled (n=40)," according to GINA classification. No association was found between VDR polymorphisms and asthma prevalence. Asthmatic children with the VDR ApaI aa genotype had significantly higher C-ACT score compared with asthmatic children carrying the AA/AC VDR ApaI genotypes (p=0.011). The frequency of VDR ApaI aa genotype was significantly higher in controlled asthma group (n=92) than uncontrolled asthma group (n=35), according to C-ACT (24.5% vs 0.0%, p<0.001) and GINA (32.7% vs 7.5%, p=0.001). Also, VDR ApaI aa genotype was negatively associated with limitation in daily activities because of asthma (p=0.004). VDR ApaI aa genotype was positively associated with well-controlled asthma according to GINA and C-ACT questionnaire and negatively associated with decreased limitation in daily activities in asthmatic children, further supporting the importance of Vitamin D pathway in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Iordanidou
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis, Greece
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18
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Petersen MS, Bech S, Christiansen DH, Schmedes AV, Halling J. The role of vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor polymorphism on Parkinson's disease in the Faroe Islands. Neurosci Lett 2014; 561:74-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Min B. Effects of vitamin d on blood pressure and endothelial function. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:385-92. [PMID: 24227938 PMCID: PMC3823950 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.5.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent, primarily due to limited sun exposure, which may be observed in urban areas, or as a result of modern lifestyles. Common myths about vitamin D persist, including that it is mostly obtained from the diet and is only essential for bone and mineral homeostasis. Nonetheless, advances in biomedical science suggest that vitamin D is a hormone that is integral to numerous physiologic functions in most cells and tissues. Therefore, abnormal vitamin D levels may contribute to health disturbances. A number of recent reports on potential associations between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease have highlighted its role in this system. A focus over the previous decade has been to better understand the mechanisms behind vitamin D regulation and the pathophysiology associated with suboptimal vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency is highly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, even when considering other well-known risk factors. In this process, the renin-angiotensin system is disrupted, and hypertension and endothelial dysfunction contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Likewise, clinical outcomes upon the normalization of vitamin D levels have been investigated in different patient populations. It makes sense that vitamin D supplementation to improve vitamin D status among vitamin D-deficient individuals could be useful without requiring a sudden lifestyle change. This manuscript provides a brief overview of vitamin D metabolism and the vitamin D receptor. It also summarizes the current clinical research relating to vitamin D supplementation and its effects on hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Min
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 712-702, Korea
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20
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Yang L, Ma J, Zhang X, Fan Y, Wang L. Protective role of the vitamin D receptor. Cell Immunol 2012; 279:160-6. [PMID: 23246677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is found in most tissues, not just those participating in the classic actions of vitamin D such as bone, gut, and kidney. The nonclassic actions are therefore potential targets for the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)₂D₃. This review is intended to highlight the actions of VDR in role of protection. Medline is searched for articles describing actions of VDR on secondary hyperparathyroidism, diabetic nephropathy, hypertension and atherosclerosis. VDR exerts its protective activities through the following mechanisms: inhibition of renin-angiotensin system (RAS); regulation of proliferation and differentiation; reduction of proteinuria; anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis. The nonclassic actions of VDR provide a number of potential new clinical applications for 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and its analogs. We believe 1,25(OH)₂D₃/VDR can be of particular value in the prevention of kidney-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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