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Depierre P, Ginet V, Truttmann AC, Puyal J. Neuronal autosis is Na +/K +-ATPase alpha 3-dependent and involved in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:363. [PMID: 38796484 PMCID: PMC11127954 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is an essential physiological process of degradation of organelles and long-lived proteins. The discovery of autosis, a Na+/K+-ATPase (ATP1)-dependent type of autophagic cell death with specific morphological and biochemical features, has strongly contributed to the acceptance of a pro-death role of autophagy. However, the occurrence and relevance of autosis in neurons has never been clearly investigated, whereas we previously provided evidence that autophagy mechanisms could be involved in neuronal death in different in vitro and in vivo rodent models of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and that morphological features of autosis were observed in dying neurons following rat perinatal cerebral HI. In the present study, we demonstrated that neuronal autosis could occur in primary cortical neurons using two different stimulations enhancing autophagy flux and neuronal death: a neurotoxic concentration of Tat-BECN1 (an autophagy-inducing peptide) and a hypoxic/excitotoxic stimulus (mimicking neuronal death induced by cerebral HI). Both stimulations induce autophagic neuronal death (dependent on canonical autophagic genes and independent on apoptotic, necroptotic or ferroptotic pathways) with all morphological and biochemical (ATP1a-dependent) features of autosis. However, we demonstrated that autosis is not dependent on the ubiquitous subunit ATP1a1 in neurons, as in dividing cell types, but on the neuronal specific ATP1a3 subunit. We also provided evidence that, in different in vitro and in vivo models where autosis is induced, ATP1a3-BECN1 interaction is increased and prevented by cardiac glycosides treatment. Interestingly, an increase in ATP1a3-BECN1 interaction is also detected in dying neurons in the autoptic brains of human newborns with severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Altogether, these results suggest that ATP1a3-BECN1-dependent autosis could play an important role in neuronal death in HI conditions, paving the way for the development of new neuroprotective strategies in hypoxic-ischemic conditions including in severe case of human HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Depierre
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Ginet
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita C Truttmann
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- CURML, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Lan J, Wang J, Wang S, Wang J, Huang S, Wang Y, Ma Y. The Activation of GABA AR Alleviated Cerebral Ischemic Injury via the Suppression of Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:194. [PMID: 38397792 PMCID: PMC10886019 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease leading to neurologic impairment. Compounding the issue is the very limited array of available interventions. The activation of a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor (GABAAR) has been reported to produce neuroprotective properties during cerebral ischemia, but its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. Here, in a rat model of photochemically induced cerebral ischemia, we found that muscimol, a GABAAR agonist, modulated GABAergic signaling, ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors, and attenuated neuronal damage in rats suffering cerebral ischemia. Moreover, GABAAR activation improved brain antioxidant levels, reducing the accumulation of oxidative products, which was closely associated with the NO/NOS pathway. Notably, the inhibition of autophagy markedly relieved the neuronal insult caused by cerebral ischemia. We further established an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced PC12 cell injury model. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that GABAAR activation obviously suppressed autophagy by regulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Additionally, GABAAR activation inhibited apoptosis through inhibiting the Bax/Bcl-2 pathway. These data suggest that GABAAR activation exerts neuroprotective effects during cerebral ischemia through improving oxidative stress and inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis. Our findings indicate that GABAAR serves as a target for treating cerebral ischemia and highlight the GABAAR-mediated autophagy signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sijuan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yunfei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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3
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Dai Y, Zhou S, Qiao L, Peng Z, Zhao J, Xu D, Wu C, Li M, Zeng X, Wang Q. Non-apoptotic programmed cell deaths in diabetic pulmonary dysfunction: the new side of advanced glycation end products. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1126661. [PMID: 37964954 PMCID: PMC10641270 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1126661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects multiple organs and systems, including the pulmonary system. Pulmonary dysfunction in DM patients has been observed and studied for years, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. In addition to traditional mechanisms such as the production and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), angiopathy, tissue glycation, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation, recent studies have focused on programmed cell deaths (PCDs), especially the non-apoptotic ones, in diabetic pulmonary dysfunction. Non-apoptotic PCDs (NAPCDs) including autophagic cell death, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and copper-induced cell death have been found to have certain correlations with diabetes and relevant complications. The AGE-AGE receptor (RAGE) axis not only plays an important role in the traditional pathogenesis of diabetes lung disease but also plays an important role in non-apoptotic cell death. In this review, we summarize novel studies about the roles of non-apoptotic PCDs in diabetic pulmonary dysfunction and focus on their interactions with the AGE-RAGE axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Qiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuliang Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chanyuan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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4
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Ahmadi S, Saberivand A, Jalili C, Asadpour R, Khordadmehr M, Saberivand M. Hydroalcoholic extract of Taraxacum officinale induces apoptosis and autophagy in 4T1 breast cancer cells. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:507-513. [PMID: 37814658 PMCID: PMC10560329 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.1985987.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and deadly breast cancer sub-type with limited therapeutic options. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) exhibiting extensive anti-cancer activity is reported to be effective against TNBC; however, its anti-tumor effect mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-cancer activity of hydroalcoholic extract of dandelion (HADE) on 4T1 cells, and the mechanism of HADE-induced cell death. The effect of HADE on cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Apoptotic cell death was monitored by flow cytometry. The DNA fragmentation was evaluated by Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. Nitric oxide (NO) level was detected using Griess assay. The effects of HADE on Atg-7, Beclin-1, Bcl2, Bax and p53 genes were investigated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that HADE inhibited cell growth and proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The HADE induced 4T1 breast cancer cell death via apoptosis and autophagy. The DNA fragmentation was improved as the concentration of HADE increased. The NO secretion was declined with increasing concentration of HADE. Gene expression analysis confirmed HADE-induced apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. The Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, p53, Beclin-1 and Atg-7 over-expression as well as Bcl-2 down-regulation were also evident in treated cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Ahmadi
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Saberivand
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Asadpour
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monire Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Saberivand
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Ivanova T, Mariienko Y, Mehterov N, Kazakova M, Sbirkov Y, Todorova K, Hayrabedyan S, Sarafian V. Autophagy and SARS-CoV-2-Old Players in New Games. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7734. [PMID: 37175443 PMCID: PMC10178552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
At present it is well-defined that autophagy is a fundamental process essential for cell life but its pro-viral and anti-viral role has been stated out with the COVID pandemic. However, viruses in turn have evolved diverse adaptive strategies to cope with autophagy driven host defense, either by blocking or hijacking the autophagy machinery for their own benefit. The mechanisms underlying autophagy modulation are presented in the current review which summarizes the accumulated knowledge on the crosstalk between autophagy and viral infections, with a particular emphasizes on SARS-CoV-2. The different types of autophagy related to infections and their molecular mechanisms are focused in the context of inflammation. In particular, SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication and disease pathogenesis are discussed. Models to study autophagy and to formulate novel treatment approaches and pharmacological modulation to fight COVID-19 are debated. The SARS-CoV-2-autophagy interplay is presented, revealing the complex dynamics and the molecular machinery of autophagy. The new molecular targets and strategies to treat COVID-19 effectively are envisaged. In conclusion, our finding underline the importance of development new treatment strategies and pharmacological modulation of autophagy to fight COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetomira Ivanova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yuliia Mariienko
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Sbirkov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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6
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Liang T, Smith CE, Hu Y, Zhang H, Zhang C, Xu Q, Lu Y, Qi L, Hu JCC, Simmer JP. Dentin defects caused by a Dspp -1 frameshift mutation are associated with the activation of autophagy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6393. [PMID: 37076504 PMCID: PMC10115861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is primarily expressed by differentiated odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), and transiently expressed by presecretory ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). Disease-causing DSPP mutations predominantly fall into two categories: 5' mutations affecting targeting and trafficking, and 3' - 1 frameshift mutations converting the repetitive, hydrophilic, acidic C-terminal domain into a hydrophobic one. We characterized the dental phenotypes and investigated the pathological mechanisms of DsppP19L and Dspp-1fs mice that replicate the two categories of human DSPP mutations. In DsppP19L mice, dentin is less mineralized but contains dentinal tubules. Enamel mineral density is reduced. Intracellular accumulation and ER retention of DSPP is observed in odontoblasts and ameloblasts. In Dspp-1fs mice, a thin layer of reparative dentin lacking dentinal tubules is deposited. Odontoblasts show severe pathosis, including intracellular accumulation and ER retention of DSPP, strong ubiquitin and autophagy activity, ER-phagy, and sporadic apoptosis. Ultrastructurally, odontoblasts show extensive autophagic vacuoles, some of which contain fragmented ER. Enamel formation is comparable to wild type. These findings distinguish molecular mechanisms underlying the dental phenotypes of DsppP19L and Dspp-1fs mice and support the recently revised Shields classification of dentinogenesis imperfecta caused by DSPP mutations in humans. The Dspp-1fs mice may be valuable for the study of autophagy and ER-phagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Charles E Smith
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Chuhua Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
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7
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Castro-Cruz A, Echeverría OM, Sánchez-Sánchez L, Muñoz-Velasco I, Juárez-Chavero S, Torres-Ramírez N, Vázquez-Nin GH, Escobar ML. Dissection of the autophagic route in oocytes from atretic follicles. Biol Cell 2023; 115:e2200046. [PMID: 36571578 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Autophagy is a conserved process that functions as a cytoprotective mechanism; it may function as a cell death process called programmed cell death type II. There is considerable evidence for the presence of autophagic cell death during oocyte elimination in prepubertal rats. However, the mechanisms involved in this process have not been deciphered. RESULTS Our observations revealed autophagic cell death in oocytes with increased labeling of the autophagic proteins Beclin 1, light chain 3 A (LC3 A), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (Lamp1). Furthermore, mTOR and phosphorylated (p)-mTOR (S2448) proteins were significantly decreased in oocytes with increased levels of autophagic proteins, indicating autophagic activation. Moreover, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) was not expressed by oocytes, but mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signalregulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling was observed. Additionally, selective and elevated mitochondrial degradation was identified in altered oocytes. CONCLUSIONS All these results suggest that mTOR downregulation, which promotes autophagy, could be mediated by low energy levels and sustained starvation involving the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. SIGNIFICANCE In this work, we analyzed the manner in which autophagy is carried out in oocytes undergoing autophagic cell death by studying the behavior of proteins involved in different steps of the autophagic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Castro-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Olga M Echeverría
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Sánchez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Lab. 6, 2do piso, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Ciudad de México, Iztapalapa, México
| | - Israel Muñoz-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Silvia Juárez-Chavero
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nayeli Torres-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo H Vázquez-Nin
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Luisa Escobar
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
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8
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Yang C, Dong B, Fu Y, Wang Y, Gong M, Liu T, Qiu P, Xie W, Lü T. Sulforaphane attenuates microglia-mediated neuronal damage by down-regulating the ROS/autophagy/NLRP3 signal axis in fibrillar Aβ-activated microglia. Brain Res 2023; 1801:148206. [PMID: 36539049 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The neuroinflammatory hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) posits that amyloid-beta (Aβ) phagocytosis along with subsequent lysosomal damage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays important roles in Aβ-induced microglia activation and microglia-induced neurotoxicity. Sulforaphane (SFN) has neuroprotective effects for AD. However, whether SFN can inhibit its cytotoxic autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia remain unknown. In this study, results showed SFN played an indirect, protective role on neurons via a series of impacts on Aβ-activated microglia, including inhibition of autophagy initiation as well as autophagic lysosomal membrane permeability and subsequent NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasomes activation. M1 phenotype polarization was also inhibited. Our results demonstrated that SFN could inhibit the cytostatic autophagy-induced NLRP3 signaling pathway in Aβ-activated microglia by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These results provide novel insight into the potential role of SFN in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhu Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiafa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Canhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yanhong Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Pingming Qiu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weibing Xie
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tianming Lü
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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9
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Fermo KT, da Silva Lemos I, Farias HR, Rosso MP, Effting PS, Leipnitz G, Streck EL. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) administration increases autophagy and the autophagic pathway in brain tissue of rats submitted to a Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) protocol. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:287-293. [PMID: 36305998 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is an inborn error of metabolism (EIM) biochemically characterized by the tissue accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their branched-chain alpha-keto acids. The mechanisms by which BCAA and their branched-chain alpha-keto acids lead to the neurological damage observed in MSUD are poorly understood. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that BCAA induce the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which may modulate several important signaling pathways necessary for cellular homeostasis maintenance, such as autophagy. Taking this into account, we evaluated the effects of BCAA on the autophagic pathway in brain structures of rats submitted to the administration of these amino acids (animal model of MSUD). Our findings showed that BCAA significantly increased the levels of Beclin-1, ATG7, and ATG5 in the cerebral cortex of rats. In addition, BCAA augmented ATG12 levels in the striatum and ATG5 and LC3 I-II in the hippocampus. Therefore, our work demonstrates that the administration of BCAA increases autophagy and autophagic cell death, possibly mediated by the elevated levels of reactive species generated by BCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Teixeira Fermo
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brasil
| | - Isabela da Silva Lemos
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brasil
| | - Hemelin Resende Farias
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brasil
| | - Marina Peyrot Rosso
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brasil
| | - Pauline Souza Effting
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brasil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brasil
| | - Emílio Luiz Streck
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brasil.
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10
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Sun Y, Zou S, He Z, Chen X. The role of autophagy and ferroptosis in sensorineural hearing loss. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1068611. [PMID: 36578828 PMCID: PMC9791179 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1068611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss has become a common sensory defect in humans. Because of the limited regenerative ability of mammalian cochlear hair cells (HCs), HC damage (caused by ototoxic drugs, aging, and noise) is the main risk factor of hearing loss. However, how HCs can be protected from these risk factors remains to be investigated. Autophagy is a process by which damaged cytoplasmic components are sequestered into lysosomes for degradation. Ferroptosis is a novel form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death involving intracellular iron overloading and iron-dependent lipid peroxide accumulation. Recent studies have confirmed that autophagy is associated with ferroptosis, and their crosstalk may be the potential therapeutic target for hearing loss. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of ferroptosis and autophagy as well as their relationship with HC damage, which may provide insights for a new future in the protection of HCs.
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11
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Multi-target action of β-alanine protects cerebellar tissue from ischemic damage. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:747. [PMID: 36038575 PMCID: PMC9424312 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain ischemic stroke is among the leading causes of death and long-term disability. New treatments that alleviate brain cell damage until blood supply is restored are urgently required. The emerging focus of anti-stroke strategies has been on blood-brain-barrier permeable drugs that exhibit multiple sites of action. Here, we combine single-cell electrophysiology with live-cell imaging to find that β-Alanine (β-Ala) protects key physiological functions of brain cells that are exposed to acute stroke-mimicking conditions in ex vivo brain preparations. β-Ala exerts its neuroprotective action through several distinct pharmacological mechanisms, none of which alone could reproduce the neuroprotective effect. Since β-Ala crosses the blood-brain barrier and is part of a normal human diet, we suggest that it has a strong potential for acute stroke treatment and facilitation of recovery.
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12
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Wang D, Si D, Li G, Ding Z, Yang X, Gao C. Dysregulated autophagic activity induced in response to chronic intermittent hypoxia contributes to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Front Physiol 2022; 13:941706. [PMID: 35982710 PMCID: PMC9379323 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.941706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a pathological characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that has been linked to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The specific link between CIH, autophagic activity, and NAFLD, however, has not previously been characterized. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between CIH-induced autophagy and the pathogenesis of OSA-associated NAFLD. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of proteins associated with lipid synthesis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autophagic activity. To establish an in vivo model system, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to CIH conditions for 8 h per day over a 12-week period, and were administered chloroquine (CQ) for 1 week prior to euthanization. Levels of serum and liver triglycerides in these animals were assessed, as were proteins related to hepatic autophagy, ER stress, and lipogenesis. qPCR was additionally used to assess hepatic inflammation-related gene expression, while transmission electron microscopy was used to monitor lipid droplet (LD) accumulation and ER morphology. OSA patients and CIH model mice exhibited increases in the expression of proteins associated with hepatic autophagy, ER stress, and lipogenesis. CIH was also associated with more pronounced LD accumulation, hepatic inflammation, and hepatic steatosis in these mice. While serum and hepatic TG and TC levels and serum ALT/AST were increased in response to CIH treatment, the administration of CQ to these mice led to reductions in ER stress-related proteins (XBP1, IRE1α, EIF2α) and lipogenesis-related proteins (ACC, SCD1, FASn), in addition to significantly reducing hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and LD accumulation in these animals. These results suggest that persistent CIH can drive dysregulated hepatic autophagic activity, hepatic steatosis, and ER stress, highlighting potential targets for therapeutic intervention aimed at preventing or treating OSA-associated NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongyu Si
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Zhimin Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaobing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chaobing Gao,
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13
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Wu S, Yin Y, Du L. FUS aggregation following ischemic stroke favors brain astrocyte activation through inducing excessive autophagy. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114144. [PMID: 35718207 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
As is the case with neurodegenerative diseases, abnormal accumulation of aggregated proteins in neurons and glial are also known to implicate in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. However, the potential role of protein aggregates in brain ischemia remains largely unknown. Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) protein has a vital role in RNA metabolism and regulating cellular homeostasis. FUS pathology has been demonstrated in the formation of toxic aggregates and critically affecting cell viability in neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but whether this also applies to neurological injury following cerebral ischemia is unclear. Herein, we demonstrated a critical role of aggregated FUS in astrocyte activation caused by cerebral ischemia and a possible underlying molecular mechanism. Cerebral ischemic injury significantly induced the formation of cytoplasmic FUS aggregates in reactive astrocytes and injured neurons, thereby aggravating neurofunctional damages and worsening stroke outcomes. Further analysis revealed that extranuclear aggregation of FUS in astrocytes was involved in the induction of excessive autophagy, which contributes to autophagic cell injury or death. In conclusion, our results reveal the important contribution of FUS aggregates in promoting astrocyte activation in stroke pathology independent of its transcriptional regulation activity. We thus propose that aggregation of FUS is an important pathological process in ischemic stroke and targeting FUS aggregates might be of unique therapeutic value in the development of future treatment strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yuye Yin
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Longfei Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Padilla-Godínez FJ, Ramos-Acevedo R, Martínez-Becerril HA, Bernal-Conde LD, Garrido-Figueroa JF, Hiriart M, Hernández-López A, Argüero-Sánchez R, Callea F, Guerra-Crespo M. Protein Misfolding and Aggregation: The Relatedness between Parkinson's Disease and Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Storage Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212467. [PMID: 34830348 PMCID: PMC8619695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of cellular homeostasis can lead to misfolding of proteins thus acquiring conformations prone to polymerization into pathological aggregates. This process is associated with several disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), and endoplasmic reticulum storage disorders (ERSDs), like alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and hereditary hypofibrinogenemia with hepatic storage (HHHS). Given the shared pathophysiological mechanisms involved in such conditions, it is necessary to deepen our understanding of the basic principles of misfolding and aggregation akin to these diseases which, although heterogeneous in symptomatology, present similarities that could lead to potential mutual treatments. Here, we review: (i) the pathological bases leading to misfolding and aggregation of proteins involved in PD, AATD, and HHHS: alpha-synuclein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and fibrinogen, respectively, (ii) the evidence linking each protein aggregation to the stress mechanisms occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of each pathology, (iii) a comparison of the mechanisms related to dysfunction of proteostasis and regulation of homeostasis between the diseases (such as the unfolded protein response and/or autophagy), (iv) and clinical perspectives regarding possible common treatments focused on improving the defensive responses to protein aggregation for diseases as different as PD, and ERSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Padilla-Godínez
- Neurosciences Division, Cell Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (F.J.P.-G.); (R.R.-A.); (H.A.M.-B.); (L.D.B.-C.); (J.F.G.-F.); (M.H.)
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Rodrigo Ramos-Acevedo
- Neurosciences Division, Cell Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (F.J.P.-G.); (R.R.-A.); (H.A.M.-B.); (L.D.B.-C.); (J.F.G.-F.); (M.H.)
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Hilda Angélica Martínez-Becerril
- Neurosciences Division, Cell Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (F.J.P.-G.); (R.R.-A.); (H.A.M.-B.); (L.D.B.-C.); (J.F.G.-F.); (M.H.)
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Luis D. Bernal-Conde
- Neurosciences Division, Cell Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (F.J.P.-G.); (R.R.-A.); (H.A.M.-B.); (L.D.B.-C.); (J.F.G.-F.); (M.H.)
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Jerónimo F. Garrido-Figueroa
- Neurosciences Division, Cell Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (F.J.P.-G.); (R.R.-A.); (H.A.M.-B.); (L.D.B.-C.); (J.F.G.-F.); (M.H.)
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Neurosciences Division, Cell Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (F.J.P.-G.); (R.R.-A.); (H.A.M.-B.); (L.D.B.-C.); (J.F.G.-F.); (M.H.)
| | - Adriana Hernández-López
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Rubén Argüero-Sánchez
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Francesco Callea
- Department of Histopathology, Bugando Medical Centre, Catholic University of Healthy and Allied Sciences, Mwanza 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Magdalena Guerra-Crespo
- Neurosciences Division, Cell Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (F.J.P.-G.); (R.R.-A.); (H.A.M.-B.); (L.D.B.-C.); (J.F.G.-F.); (M.H.)
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (R.A.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Chen Y, Zhang Z, Henson ES, Cuddihy A, Haigh K, Wang R, Haigh JJ, Gibson SB. Autophagy inhibition by TSSC4 (tumor suppressing subtransferable candidate 4) contributes to sustainable cancer cell growth. Autophagy 2021; 18:1274-1296. [PMID: 34530675 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1973338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell growth is dependent upon the sustainability of proliferative signaling and resisting cell death. Macroautophagy/autophagy promotes cancer cell growth by providing nutrients to cells and preventing cell death. This is in contrast to autophagy promoting cell death under some conditions. The mechanism regulating autophagy-mediated cancer cell growth remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that TSSC4 (tumor suppressing subtransferable candidate 4) is a novel tumor suppressor that suppresses cancer cell growth and tumor growth and prevents cell death induction during excessive growth by inhibiting autophagy. The oncogenic proteins ERBB2 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2) and the activation EGFR mutant (EGFRvIII, epidermal growth factor receptor variant III) promote cell growth and TSSC4 expression in breast cancer and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells, respectively. In EGFRvIII-expressing GBM cells, TSSC4 knockout shifted the function of autophagy from a pro-cell survival role to a pro-cell death role during prolonged cell growth. Furthermore, the interaction of TSSC4 with MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3) via its conserved LC3-interacting region (LIR) contributes to its inhibition of autophagy. Finally, TSSC4 suppresses tumorsphere formation and tumor growth by inhibiting autophagy and maintaining cell survival in tumorspheres. Taken together, sustainable cancer cell growth can be achieved by autophagy inhibition via TSSC4 expression.ABBREVIATIONS: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin beta; CQ: chloroquine; EGFRvIII: epidermal growth factor receptor variant III; ERBB2: erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; GBM: glioblastoma multiforme; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule Associated protein 1 light chain 3; TSSC4: tumor suppressing subtransferable candidate 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Chen
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhaoying Zhang
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elizabeth S Henson
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew Cuddihy
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Katharina Haigh
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruobing Wang
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jody J Haigh
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Spencer B Gibson
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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16
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Wu S, Du L. Protein Aggregation in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1183-1194. [PMID: 32529541 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the distinction between ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disorders, they share numerous pathophysiologies particularly those mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. Although protein aggregation is considered to be a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, the formation of protein aggregates can be also induced within a short time after cerebral ischemia, aggravating cerebral ischemic injury. Protein aggregation uncovers a previously unappreciated molecular overlap between neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, compared with neurodegenerative disease, mechanism of protein aggregation after cerebral ischemia and how this can be averted remain unclear. This review highlights current understanding on protein aggregation and its intrinsic role in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Longfei Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Ma C, Zhang W, Wang W, Shen J, Cai K, Liu M, Cao M. SKP-SCs transplantation alleviates 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal injury by modulating autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:674. [PMID: 34226513 PMCID: PMC8257782 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease. Cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic option for improving the survival and function of dopaminergic neurons, but the mechanisms underlying the interaction between the transplanted cells and the recipient neurons remain to be studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of skin precursor cell-derived Schwann cells (SKP-SCs) directly cocultured with 6-OHDA-injured dopaminergic neurons in vitro and of SKP-SCs transplanted into the brains of 6-OHDA-induced PD mice in vivo. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SKP-SCs could reduce the damage to dopaminergic neurons by enhancing self-autophagy and modulating neuronal autophagy. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence that cell transplantation mitigates 6-OHDA-induced damage to dopaminergic neurons by enhancing self-autophagy, suggesting that earlier transplantation of Schwann cells might help alleviate the loss of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wengcong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiabing Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kefu Cai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Maohong Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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18
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Moayedi F, Shojaei-Ghahrizjani F, Yaghoobi H. Inhibition of miR-155-5p in non-small cell lung cancer, a potential target for induction of autophagy. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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19
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Autophagy attenuates high glucose-induced oxidative injury to lens epithelial cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222411. [PMID: 32186721 PMCID: PMC7109002 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Autophagic dysfunction and abnormal oxidative stress are associated with cataract. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes of cellular autophagy and oxidative stress and their association in lens epithelial cells (LECs) upon exposure to high glucose. Methods: Autophagy and oxidative stress-related changes were detected in streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic mice and normal mouse LECs incubated in high glucose conditions. Rapamycin at a concentration of 100 nm/l or 50 μM chloroquine was combined for analysis of the relationship between autophagy and oxidative stress. The morphology of LECs during autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of autophagy markers (LC3B and p62) were identified, as well as the key factors of oxidative stress (SOD2 and CAT) and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Results: Transmission electron microscopy indicated an altered autophagy activity in diabetic mouse lens tissues with larger autophagosomes and multiple mitochondria. Regarding the expressions, LC3B was elevated, p62 was decreased first and then increased, and SOD2 and CAT were increased before a decrease during 4 months of follow-up in diabetic mice and 72 h of culture under high glucose for mouse LECs. Furthermore, rapamycin promoted the expressions of autophagy markers but alleviated those of oxidative stress markers, whereas chloroquine antagonized autophagy but enhanced oxidative stress by elevating ROS generation in LECs exposed to high glucose. Conclusions: The changes in autophagy and oxidative stress were fluctuating in the mouse LECs under constant high glucose conditions. Autophagy might attenuate high glucose-induced oxidative injury to LECs.
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SIRT1 Inhibits Apoptosis by Promoting Autophagic Flux in Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells in the Key Stage of Degeneration via ERK Signal Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8818713. [PMID: 33728342 PMCID: PMC7937464 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8818713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The application of biomolecular interventions in the early stage of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is considered an ideal method for the treatment of IVDD. However, the precise definition of the "early stage" of IVDD is unclear. Silent information regulation 2 homologue-1 (SIRT1) can protect human degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) cells from apoptosis by activating autophagy. However, the mechanism of this effect is still unclear. This study tried to confirm the "early stage" of IVDD and the role of NP cell autophagy during IVDD as well as to determine the mechanism by which SIRT1 protects NP cells. Methods The characteristics of the NP in various stages of degeneration were assessed to confirm the "early stage" of IVDD. Then, autophagy and apoptosis were detected in NP cells after SIRT1 upregulation/downregulation. Finally, LY294002 and PD98059 were used to inhibit the AKT/ERK pathway to determine the mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates autophagy in NP cells. Results Our data showed that mildly degenerative (Pfirrmann grade III with normal height of intervertebral disc) NP cells may be the key target for biomolecular interventions in IVDD and that SIRT1 protects human mildly degenerative NP cells from apoptosis by activating autophagy via the ERK signalling pathway. Conclusion Our data showed that SIRT1 inhibits apoptosis by promoting the autophagic flux in NP cells via the ERK signalling pathway during the key stage of degeneration. These findings will assist in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for IVDD treatment.
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Shan C, Chen X, Cai H, Hao X, Li J, Zhang Y, Gao J, Zhou Z, Li X, Liu C, Li P, Wang K. The Emerging Roles of Autophagy-Related MicroRNAs in Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:134-150. [PMID: 33390839 PMCID: PMC7757044 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.50773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process involving the degradation and recycling of damaged biomacromolecules or organelles through lysosomal-dependent pathways and plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Consequently, abnormal autophagy is associated with multiple diseases, such as infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Currently, autophagy is considered to be a dual regulator in cancer, functioning as a suppressor in the early stage while supporting the growth and metastasis of cancer cells in the later stage and may also produce therapeutic resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by silencing targeted mRNA. MiRNAs have great regulatory potential for several fundamental biological processes, including autophagy. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have linked miRNA dysfunction to the growth, metabolism, migration, metastasis, and responses of cancer cells to therapy. Therefore, the study of autophagy-related miRNAs in cancer will provide insights into cancer biology and lead to the development of novel anti-cancer strategies. In the present review, we summarise the current knowledge of miRNA dysregulation during autophagy in cancer, focusing on the relationship between autophagy and miRNAs, and discuss their involvement in cancer biology and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Shan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xinzhe Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hongjing Cai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiaodan Hao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zhixia Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Cuiyun Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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22
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Mukhopadhyay S, Praharaj PP, Naik PP, Talukdar S, Emdad L, Das SK, Fisher PB, Bhutia SK. Identification of Annexin A2 as a key mTOR target to induce roller coaster pattern of autophagy fluctuation in stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165952. [PMID: 32841734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy can either be cytoprotective or promote cell death in a context-dependent manner in response to stress. How autophagy leads to autophagy dependent cell death requires further clarification. In this study, we document a nonlinear roller coaster form of autophagy oscillation when cells are subjected to different stress conditions. Serum starvation induces an initial primary autophagic peak at 6 h, that helps to replenish cells with de novo fluxed nutrients, but protracted stress lead to a secondary autophagic peak around 48 h. Time kinetic studies indicate that the primary autophagic peak is reversible, whereas the secondary autophagic peak is irreversible and leads to cell death. Key players involved in different stages of autophagy including initiation, elongation and degradation during this oscillatory sequence were identified. A similar molecular pattern was intensified under apoptosis-deficient conditions. mTOR was the central molecule regulating this autophagic activity, and upon knockdown a steady increase of autophagy without any non-linear fluctuation was evident. An unbiased proteome screening approach was employed to identify the autophagy molecules potentially regulating these autophagic peaks. Our proteomics analysis has identified Annexin A2 as a stress-induced protein to implicate in autophagy fluctuation and its deficiency reduced autophagy. Moreover, we report that mTOR in its phosphorylated condition interacts with Annexin A2 to induce autophagy fluctuation by altering its cellular localization. The work highlights the molecular mechanism of a mTOR-dependent roller coaster fluctuation of autophagy and autophagy dependent cell death during prolong stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela-769008, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela-769008, India
| | - Prajna P Naik
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela-769008, India
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela-769008, India.
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23
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Adornetto A, Morrone LA, Satriano A, Laganà ML, Licastro E, Nucci C, Corasaniti MT, Tonin P, Bagetta G, Russo R. Effects of caloric restriction on retinal aging and neurodegeneration. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 256:189-207. [PMID: 32958212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the most common neurodegenerative cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Restricted caloric regimens are an attractive approach for delaying the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review the current literature on the effects of caloric restriction on retinal neurons, under physiological and pathological conditions. We focused on autophagy as one of the mechanisms modulated by restricted caloric regimens and involved in the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) over the course of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annagrazia Adornetto
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Luigi Antonio Morrone
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Andrea Satriano
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Laganà
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Ester Licastro
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Carlo Nucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Tiziana Corasaniti
- School of Hospital Pharmacy, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro and Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Rossella Russo
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
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24
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Jeong IH, Bae WY, Choi JS, Jeong JW. Ischemia induces autophagy of endothelial cells and stimulates angiogenic effects in a hindlimb ischemia mouse model. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:624. [PMID: 32796816 PMCID: PMC7429831 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major health problem, there have been limited advances in medical therapies. In PAD patients, angiogenesis is regarded as a promising therapeutic strategy to promote new arterial vessels and improve perfusion of ischemic tissue. Autophagy plays a critical role in catabolic processes for cell survival under normal and stressful conditions and plays fundamental biological roles in various cellular functions. In the present study, we showed that autophagy in endothelial cells is important for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. In a hindlimb ischemia mouse model, autophagy was stimulated in endothelial cells of the quadriceps muscle, and adjacent cells proliferated and regenerated. The autophagy pathway was induced under prolonged hypoxia in endothelial cells, and autophagy increased angiogenic activities. Moreover, conditioned media from endothelial cells blocked autophagy and inhibited the proliferation of muscle cells, suggesting that autophagic stimulation in endothelial cells affects the survival of adjacent cells, such as muscle. Collectively, hypoxia/ischemia-induced autophagy angiogenesis, and the damaged tissue surrounded by neo-vessels was regenerated in an ischemia model. Therefore, we strongly suggest that stimulation of autophagy in endothelial cells may be a potent therapeutic strategy in severe vascular diseases, including PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woom-Yee Bae
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Autophagy as a decisive process for cell death. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:921-930. [PMID: 32591647 PMCID: PMC7338414 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway in which cellular constituents are engulfed by autophagosomes and degraded upon autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. Autophagy serves as a major cytoprotective process by maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling cytoplasmic contents. However, emerging evidence suggests that autophagy is a primary mechanism of cell death (autophagic cell death, ACD) and implicates ACD in several aspects of mammalian physiology, including tumor suppression and psychological disorders. However, little is known about the physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of ACD. In this review, we document examples of ACD and discuss recent progress in our understanding of its molecular mechanisms.
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26
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El-Shafey ES, Elsherbiny ES. Dual Opposed Survival-supporting and Death-promoting Roles of Autophagy in Cancer Cells: A Concise Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2212796813666191111142824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a well-maintained process by which the cells recycle intracellular
materials to maintain homeostasis in various cellular functions. However, autophagy is a defensive
mechanism that maintains cell survival under antagonistic conditions, the induction
of the autophagic process may substantially lead to cell death. The conflicting roles of autophagy
including allowing cell survival or promoting cell death could have a troublesome impact
on the efficiency of chemotherapeutic agents. Accordingly, understanding the role of
autophagy in cancer is a vital need for its optimal manipulation in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S. El-Shafey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Eslam S. Elsherbiny
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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27
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Mahalakshmi R, Priyanga J, Vedha Hari BN, Bhakta-Guha D, Guha G. Hexavalent chromium-induced autophagic death of WRL-68 cells is mitigated by aqueous extract of Cuminum cyminum L. seeds. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:191. [PMID: 32269896 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the potential of aqueous extract (CSEaq) of Cuminum cyminum L. (cumin) seeds in protecting WRL-68 cells from hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced oxidative injury. Cells exposed to Cr(VI) (10 μM CrO3) for 24 h demonstrated a twofold increase in ROS, which, in turn, led to extensive oxidative stress, consequently causing colossal decline in cell viability (by 58.82 ± 9.79%) and proliferation (as was evident from a reduced expression of Ki-67, a proliferation marker). Immunofluorescence studies showed that Cr(VI) diminished the expressions of mTOR and survivin in WRL-68 cells. It also led to a substantial elevation of BECN1 expression, which suggested autophagy. Overall, our results indicated that 24 h exposure of WRL-68 cells to Cr(VI) caused oxidative stress-induced autophagic cell death. CSEaq was found to protect WRL-68 cells from the same fate by refurbishing their viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The extract reduced ROS in these cells, which consequently decreased the degree of autophagic cell death by restoring expressions of mTOR, survivin and BECN1 to their respective normal levels. Biochemical assays revealed that CSEaq is rich in phenolic constituents. Total phenolic content of CSEaq demonstrated positive correlations with (i) its antioxidant potential, (ii) its alleviation of cellular oxidative stress and (iii) its cytoprotective efficacy in Cr(VI)-treated WRL-68 cells. We also identified the major phenolic constituents of CSEaq. Our study suggested that polyphenols in CSEaq might be responsible for protecting WRL-68 cells from Cr(VI)-governed oxidative assault that would have otherwise led to survivin/mTOR-mediated autophagic death.
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28
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Corti O, Blomgren K, Poletti A, Beart PM. Autophagy in neurodegeneration: New insights underpinning therapy for neurological diseases. J Neurochem 2020; 154:354-371. [PMID: 32149395 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In autophagy long-lived proteins, protein aggregates or damaged organelles are engulfed by vesicles called autophagosomes prior to lysosomal degradation. Autophagy dysfunction is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases in which misfolded proteins or dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate. Excessive autophagy can also exacerbate brain injury under certain conditions. In this review, we provide specific examples to illustrate the critical role played by autophagy in pathological conditions affecting the brain and discuss potential therapeutic implications. We show how a singular type of autophagy-dependent cell death termed autosis has attracted attention as a promising target for improving outcomes in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischaemic injury to the immature brain. We provide evidence that autophagy inhibition may be protective against radiotherapy-induced damage to the young brain. We describe a specialized form of macroautophagy of therapeutic relevance for motoneuron and neuromuscular diseases, known as chaperone-assisted selective autophagy, in which heat shock protein B8 is used to deliver aberrant proteins to autophagosomes. We summarize studies pinpointing mitophagy mediated by the serine/threonine kinase PINK1 and the ubiquitin-protein ligase Parkin as a mechanism potentially relevant to Parkinson's disease, despite debate over the physiological conditions in which it is activated in organisms. Finally, with the example of the autophagy-inducing agent rilmenidine and its discrepant effects in cell culture and mouse models of motor neuron disorders, we illustrate the importance of considering aspects such a disease stage and aggressiveness, type of insult and load of damaged or toxic cellular components, when choosing the appropriate drug, timepoint and duration of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Corti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip M Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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29
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Truttmann AC, Ginet V, Puyal J. Current Evidence on Cell Death in Preterm Brain Injury in Human and Preclinical Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:27. [PMID: 32133356 PMCID: PMC7039819 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in neonatal intensive care over the past 20 years, prematurity carries a high burden of neurological morbidity lasting lifelong. The term encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) coined by Volpe in 2009 encompasses all aspects of the now known effects of prematurity on the immature brain, including altered and disturbed development as well as specific lesional hallmarks. Understanding the way cells are damaged is crucial to design brain protective strategies, and in this purpose, preclinical models largely contribute to improve the comprehension of the cell death mechanisms. While neuronal cell death has been deeply investigated and characterized in (hypoxic–ischemic) encephalopathy of the newborn at term, little is known about the types of cell death occurring in preterm brain injury. Three main different morphological cell death types are observed in the immature brain, specifically in models of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, namely, necrotic, apoptotic, and autophagic cell death. Features of all three types may be present in the same dying neuron. In preterm brain injury, description of cell death types is sparse, and cell loss primarily concerns immature oligodendrocytes and, infrequently, neurons. In the present review, we first shortly discuss the different main severe preterm brain injury conditions that have been reported to involve cell death, including periventricular leucomalacia (PVL), diffuse white matter injury (dWMI), and intraventricular hemorrhages, as well as potentially harmful iatrogenic conditions linked to premature birth (anesthesia and caffeine therapy). Then, we present an overview of current evidence concerning cell death in both clinical human tissue data and preclinical models by focusing on studies investigating the presence of cell death allowing discriminating between the types of cell death involved. We conclude that, to improve brain protective strategies, not only apoptosis but also other cell death (such as regulated necrotic and autophagic) pathways now need to be investigated together in order to consider all cell death mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of preterm brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita C Truttmann
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Ginet
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,CURML, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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All-trans-retinal induces autophagic cell death via oxidative stress and the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2020; 322:77-86. [PMID: 31931077 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Failure of all-trans-retinal (atRAL) clearance contributes to retina degeneration. However, whether autophagy can be activated by excess atRAL accumulation in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is not known. This study showed that atRAL provoked mitochondria-associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activated the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and apoptosis in a human RPE cell line, ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, we found that autophagic flux was functionally activated after atRAL treatment. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine attenuated the expression of autophagy markers, suggesting that ROS triggered atRAL-activated autophagy. In addition, autophagic cell death was observed in atRAL-treated RPE cells, while inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine or LC3, Beclin1, p62 silencing ameliorated atRAL-induced cytotoxicity. Suppression of autophagy quenched mitochondrial ROS and inhibited HO-1 and γ-GCSh expression, indicating that atRAL-activated autophagy enhances intracellular oxidative stress, thereby promoting RPE cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress suppressed atRAL-induced mitochondrial ROS generation, subsequently attenuated autophagy and apoptosis in RPE cells. Taken together, these results suggest that atRAL-induced oxidative stress and ER stress modulate autophagy, which may contribute to RPE degeneration. There may be positive feedback regulatory mechanisms between atRAL-induced oxidative stress and autophagy or ER stress.
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31
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Escobar ML, Echeverria OM, Palacios-Martínez S, Juárez-Chavero S, Sánchez-Sánchez L, Vázquez-Nin GH. Beclin 1 Interacts With Active Caspase-3 and Bax in Oocytes From Atretic Follicles in the Rat Ovary. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:873-889. [PMID: 31583941 PMCID: PMC6882064 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419881127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocyte cell death is a normal process in the mammalian ovary during follicular growth. Recent reports have demonstrated the presence of pro-apoptotic and pro-autophagic proteins during oocyte elimination. The goal of this study was to identify the interactions between proteins involved in different types of programmed cell death in the same oocyte during follicular atresia. We evaluated the presence of Beclin 1 and its interaction with the pro-apoptotic proteins active caspase-3, Bax, and Bak by means of histochemical observations, ultrastructural immunodetection, and immunoprecipitation techniques in ovaries from prepubertal (28- and 33-day-old), juvenile (40-day-old), and young adult (90-day-old) rats. In this study, we identified that oocyte elimination occurred with a high quantity of pro-autophagic protein Beclin 1 and increased the presence of the pro-apoptotic proteins active caspase-3, Bax, and Bak. Conversely, the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was reduced in oocytes from atretic follicles. In addition, Beclin 1 was shown to interact with active caspase-3 and Bax. Our results suggest that the increase in Beclin 1 is directly related to the rise of pro-apoptotic proteins, which could promote the apoptotic process during oocyte elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L. Escobar
- María L. Escobar, Lab. Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México. E-mail:
| | - Olga M. Echeverria
- Lab. Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sebastián Palacios-Martínez
- Lab. Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Silvia Juárez-Chavero
- Lab. Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Sánchez-Sánchez
- Lab. Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Laboratorio 6, 2º piso. UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo H. Vázquez-Nin
- Lab. Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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32
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Yan C, Liu J, Gao J, Sun Y, Zhang L, Song H, Xue L, Zhan L, Gao G, Ke Z, Liu Y, Liu J. IRE1 promotes neurodegeneration through autophagy-dependent neuron death in the Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:800. [PMID: 31641108 PMCID: PMC6805898 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal aggregation of misfolded pathological proteins in neurons is a prominent feature of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Perturbations of proteostasis at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers ER stress, activating the unfolded protein response (UPR). Chronic ER stress is thought to underlie the death of neurons during the neurodegenerative progression, but the precise mechanism by which the UPR pathways regulate neuronal cell fate remains incompletely understood. Here we report a critical neurodegenerative role for inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), the evolutionarily conserved ER stress sensor, in a Drosophila model of PD. We found that IRE1 was hyperactivated upon accumulation of α-synuclein in the fly photoreceptor neurons. Ectopic overexpression of IRE1 was sufficient to trigger autophagy-dependent neuron death in an XBP1-independent, JNK-dependent manner. Furthermore, IRE1 was able to promote dopaminergic neuron loss, progressive locomotor impairment, and shorter lifespan, whereas blocking IRE1 or ATG7 expression remarkably ameliorated the progression of α-synuclein-caused Parkinson’s disease. These results provide in vivo evidence demonstrating that the IRE1 pathway drives PD progression through coupling ER stress to autophagy-dependent neuron death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiamei Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Haiyun Song
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lei Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lixing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zunji Ke
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jingnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Xin P, Xu W, Zhu X, Li C, Zheng Y, Zheng T, Cheng W, Peng Q. Protective autophagy or autophagic death: effects of BEZ235 on chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7933-7951. [PMID: 31686909 PMCID: PMC6709803 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s204472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of BEZ235 on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Methods MTS assay was used to detect the proliferation of CML cells. The proteins expression were detected by Western blot assay. The effects of BEZ235 on autophagy in CML cells were verified through transmission electron microscopy and evaluated by laser confocal microscopy. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. A xenograft model was established to observe the therapeutic effect of BEZ235 in vivo. Results BEZ235 could inhibit the proliferation of CML cells; CQ and 3-MA could increase the proliferation inhibition and Z-VAD-FMK can reduce the proliferation inhibition of BEZ235 on CML cells (P<0.05). Results of TEM showed that the autophagosomes of CML cells treated with BEZ235 increased (P<0.05). The results by confocal microscopy showed that the autophagic activity of K562 cells increased with BEZ235 treatment. When BEZ235 combined with CQ, BEZ235-induced autophagic flow was blocked. FCM results showed that BEZ235 could induces apoptosis in CML cells. Z-VAD-FMK could decrease the apoptosis of CML cells induced by BEZ235. CQ increased the apoptosis of CML cells induced by BEZ235 (P<0.05). Western blot showed that BEZ235 inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and S6K. BEZ235 alone could upregulate the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and LC3II. When combined with Z-VAD-FMK, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was lower than that of BEZ235 alone. When combined with CQ, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and LC3II were higher than those of BEZ235 alone (P<0.05). BEZ235 could inhibit the growth of xenografts of CML cell line. Conclusion BEZ235 can inhibit the proliferation of CML cells, induce apoptosis, and enhance autophagy activity. It induces protective autophagy. The combination of CQ can enhance the apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of CML cells induced by BEZ235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengliang Xin
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongpeng Zhu
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntuan Li
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjin Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhao Cheng
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunyi Peng
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Tu X, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhao W, Ren X, Li Y, Liu H, Gu Z, Jia H, Liu J, Li G, Luo L. Pretreatment of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Exerts Neuroprotective Effect in Murine Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury by Its Antiapoptotic Property. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:953-961. [PMID: 31147852 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), an active component extracted from the grape, has been reported to demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiapoptosis effects. However, little is known about the role of GSPE on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of GSPE pretreatment on neonatal HI brain injury in mice. A modified Rice-Vannucci method was performed to induce neonatal HI brain injury in the 7-day-old mouse pups pretreated with GSPE or vehicle. The infarct volumes were determined by TTC staining. TUNEL staining was used to detect cells apoptosis, and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins: bax, bcl2, and cleaved caspase-3 were assayed by Western blot. Behavioral tests were also conducted to assess the functional recovery after injury. We showed that the brain damage and neurobehavioral outcomes improvement was observed in GSPE pretreated group. GSPE was proved to suppress apoptosis through inhibition of bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression. It demonstrates that GSPE could alleviate brain damage maybe through its antiapoptotic activity in a neonatal HI brain injury model, and GSPE has the potential to be a new drug for effective prevention of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tu
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxin Ren
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjun Li
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqing Liu
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziting Gu
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jia
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Li
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Medical Association, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Luo
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Structure and biological evaluation of new cyclic and acyclic laxaphycin-A type peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1966-1980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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36
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TOM7 silencing exacerbates focal cerebral ischemia injury in rat by targeting PINK1/Beclin1-mediated autophagy. Behav Brain Res 2019; 360:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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37
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Descloux C, Ginet V, Rummel C, Truttmann AC, Puyal J. Enhanced autophagy contributes to excitotoxic lesions in a rat model of preterm brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:853. [PMID: 30154458 PMCID: PMC6113308 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cystic periventricular leukomalacia is commonly diagnosed in premature infants, resulting from severe hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury, and also involving some grey matter damage. Very few is known concerning the cell death pathways involved in these types of premature cerebral lesions. Excitotoxicity is a predominant mechanism of hypoxic-ischemic injury in the developing brain. Concomitantly, it has been recently shown that autophagy could be enhanced in excitotoxic conditions switching this physiological intracellular degradation system to a deleterious process. We here investigated the role of autophagy in a validated rodent model of preterm excitotoxic brain damage mimicking in some aspects cystic periventricular leukomalacia. An excitotoxic lesion affecting periventricular white and grey matter was induced by injecting ibotenate, a glutamate analogue, in the subcortical white matter (subcingulum area) of five-day old rat pups. Ibotenate enhanced autophagy in rat brain dying neurons at 24 h as shown by increased presence of autophagosomes (increased LC3-II and LC3-positive dots) and enhanced autophagic degradation (SQSTM1 reduction and increased number and size of lysosomes (LAMP1- and CATHEPSIN B-positive vesicles)). Co-injection of the pharmacological autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine prevented not only autophagy induction but also CASPASE-3 activation and calpain-dependent cleavage of SPECTRIN 24 h after the insult, thus providing a strong reduction of the long term brain injury (16 days after ibotenate injection) including lateral ventricle dilatation, decreases in cerebral tissue volume and in subcortical white matter thickness. The autophagy-dependent neuroprotective effect of 3-methyladenine was confirmed in primary cortical neuronal cultures using not only pharmacological but also genetic autophagy inhibition of the ibotenate-induced autophagy. Strategies inhibiting autophagy could then represent a promising neuroprotective approach in the context of severe preterm brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Descloux
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Ginet
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Rummel
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita C Truttmann
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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38
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cPKCγ-Modulated Sequential Reactivation of mTOR Inhibited Autophagic Flux in Neurons Exposed to Oxygen Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051380. [PMID: 29734780 PMCID: PMC5983661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported that conventional protein kinase Cγ (cPKCγ)-modulated neuron-specific autophagy improved the neurological outcome of mice following ischemic stroke through the Akt-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. However, its detailed molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, primary cortical neurons from postnatal one-day-old C57BL/6J cPKCγ wild-type (cPKCγ+/+) and knockout (cPKCγ−/−) mice suffering oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) were used to simulate ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro. A block of autophagic flux was observed in cPKCγ+/+ neurons under OGD/R exposure, characterized by accumulation of p62. Immunofluorescent results showed a decrease in colocalization between LC3 and Atg14 or Stx17 in cPKCγ+/+ neurons when compared with cPKCγ−/− neurons after OGD/R. However, the colocalization between LC3 and Lamp2 was barely decreased, indicating the presence of autolysosomes. The larger lysotracker-positive structures were also significantly increased. These results suggest that cPKCγ-induced inhibition of autophagy occurred at the stages of autophagosome formation, Stx17 anchoring, and the degradation of autolysosomes in particular. In addition, cPKCγ-modulated phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser 2481 was dependent on the site of Ser 2448, which may have blocked autophagic flux. cPKCγ-modulated sequential reactivation of mTOR inhibited autophagic flux in neurons exposed to OGD/R, which may provide endogenous interventional strategies for stroke, especially ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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39
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Wang P, Shao BZ, Deng Z, Chen S, Yue Z, Miao CY. Autophagy in ischemic stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 163-164:98-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Fricker M, Tolkovsky AM, Borutaite V, Coleman M, Brown GC. Neuronal Cell Death. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:813-880. [PMID: 29488822 PMCID: PMC5966715 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death occurs extensively during development and pathology, where it is especially important because of the limited capacity of adult neurons to proliferate or be replaced. The concept of cell death used to be simple as there were just two or three types, so we just had to work out which type was involved in our particular pathology and then block it. However, we now know that there are at least a dozen ways for neurons to die, that blocking a particular mechanism of cell death may not prevent the cell from dying, and that non-neuronal cells also contribute to neuronal death. We review here the mechanisms of neuronal death by intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, oncosis, necroptosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, sarmoptosis, autophagic cell death, autosis, autolysis, paraptosis, pyroptosis, phagoptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition. We next explore the mechanisms of neuronal death during development, and those induced by axotomy, aberrant cell-cycle reentry, glutamate (excitoxicity and oxytosis), loss of connected neurons, aggregated proteins and the unfolded protein response, oxidants, inflammation, and microglia. We then reassess which forms of cell death occur in stroke and Alzheimer's disease, two of the most important pathologies involving neuronal cell death. We also discuss why it has been so difficult to pinpoint the type of neuronal death involved, if and why the mechanism of neuronal death matters, the molecular overlap and interplay between death subroutines, and the therapeutic implications of these multiple overlapping forms of neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fricker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Aviva M Tolkovsky
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Coleman
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Brown
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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41
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Cheng C, Wang T, Song Z, Peng L, Gao M, Hermine O, Rousseaux S, Khochbin S, Mi J, Wang J. Induction of autophagy and autophagy-dependent apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by a new antimalarial artemisinin derivative, SM1044. Cancer Med 2018; 7:380-396. [PMID: 29277967 PMCID: PMC5806110 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. R-CHOP is currently the standard therapy for DLBCL, but the prognosis of refractory or recurrent patients remains poor. In this study, we synthesized a new water-soluble antimalarial drug artemisinin derivative, SM1044. The treatment of DLBCL cell lines with SM1044 induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis, which is directed by an accelerated degradation of the antiapoptosis protein Survivin, via its acetylation-dependent interaction with the autophagy-related protein LC3-II. Additionally, SM1044 also stimulates the de novo synthesis of ceramide, which in turn activates the CaMKK2-AMPK-ULK1 axis, leading to the initiation of autophagy. Our findings not only elucidate the mechanism of autophagy-dependent apoptosis in DLBCL cells, but also suggest that SM1044 is a promising therapeutic molecule for the treatment of DLBCL, along with R-CHOP regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiqun Song
- Department of Blood Transfusionthe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Lijun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mengqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Service d'Hématologie AdultesHôpital Necker‐Enfants MaladesAssistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisUniversité Paris DescartesParisFrance
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble‐Alpes/Institute for Advanced BiosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble‐Alpes/Institute for Advanced BiosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Jian‐Qing Mi
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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42
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Wang C, Mao C, Lou Y, Xu J, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Tang Q, Zhang X, Xu H, Feng Y. Monotropein promotes angiogenesis and inhibits oxidative stress-induced autophagy in endothelial progenitor cells to accelerate wound healing. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1583-1600. [PMID: 29278309 PMCID: PMC5824424 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuating oxidative stress‐induced damage and promoting endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) differentiation are critical for ischaemic injuries. We suggested monotropein (Mtp), a bioactive constituent used in traditional Chinese medicine, can inhibit oxidative stress‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and stimulate bone marrow‐derived EPC (BM‐EPC) differentiation. Results showed Mtp significantly elevated migration and tube formation of BM‐EPCs and prevented tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)‐induced programmed cell death through apoptosis and autophagy by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species release and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, which may be mediated viamTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 and AMPK phosphorylation. Moreover, Mtp accelerated wound healing in rats, as indicated by reduced healing times, decreased macrophage infiltration and increased blood vessel formation. In summary, Mtp promoted mobilization and differentiation of BM‐EPCs and protected against apoptosis and autophagy by suppressing the AMPK/mTOR pathway, improving wound healing in vivo. This study revealed that Mtp is a potential therapeutic for endothelial injury‐related wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cong Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiting Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongzeng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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43
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The Interrelation between Reactive Oxygen Species and Autophagy in Neurological Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8495160. [PMID: 29391926 PMCID: PMC5748124 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8495160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurological function deficits due to cerebral ischemia or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) have long been considered a thorny issue in clinical treatment. Recovery after neurologic impairment is fairly limited, which poses a major threat to health and quality of life. Accumulating evidences support that ROS and autophagy are both implicated in the onset and development of neurological disorders. Notably, oxidative stress triggered by excess of ROS not only puts the brain in a vulnerable state but also enhances the virulence of other pathogenic factors, just like mitochondrial dysfunction, which is described as the culprit of nerve cell damage. Nevertheless, autophagy is proposed as a subtle cellular defense mode against destructive stimulus by timely removal of damaged and cytotoxic substance. Emerging evidence suggests that the interplay of ROS and autophagy may establish a determinant role in the modulation of neuronal homeostasis. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still largely unexplored. This review sets out to afford an overview of the crosstalk between ROS and autophagy and discusses relevant molecular mechanisms in cerebral ischemia, AD, and PD, so as to provide new insights into promising therapeutic targets for the abovementioned neurological conditions.
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44
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Quantitative assessment of cell fate decision between autophagy and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17605. [PMID: 29242632 PMCID: PMC5730598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are cellular processes that regulate cell survival and death, the former by eliminating dysfunctional components in the cell, the latter by programmed cell death. Stress signals can induce either process, and it is unclear how cells 'assess' cellular damage and make a 'life' or 'death' decision upon activating autophagy or apoptosis. A computational model of coupled apoptosis and autophagy is built here to analyze the underlying signaling and regulatory network dynamics. The model explains the experimentally observed differential deployment of autophagy and apoptosis in response to various stress signals. Autophagic response dominates at low-to-moderate stress; whereas the response shifts from autophagy (graded activation) to apoptosis (switch-like activation) with increasing stress intensity. The model reveals that cytoplasmic Ca2+ acts as a rheostat that fine-tunes autophagic and apoptotic responses. A G-protein signaling-mediated feedback loop maintains cytoplasmic Ca2+ level, which in turn governs autophagic response through an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated feedforward loop. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) emerges as a determinant of the competing roles of cytoplasmic Ca2+ in autophagy regulation. The study demonstrates that the proposed model can be advantageously used for interrogating cell regulation events and developing pharmacological strategies for modulating cell decisions.
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Shi ZY, Deng JX, Fu S, Wang L, Wang Q, Liu B, Li YQ, Deng JB. Protective effect of autophagy in neural ischemia and hypoxia: Negative regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1699-1708. [PMID: 29039446 PMCID: PMC5716434 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process of self-digestion to promote cell survival in response to nutrient starvation and other metabolic stresses. However, whether ischemic-hypoxic (IH) injury-induced autophagy acts as a neuroprotective mechanism or leads to neuroinjury is a subject of debate. It is known that autophagy is regulated by signaling pathways, including the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. However, in neural IH injury, whether other signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of autophagy remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, using the autophagy agonist (rampycin), autophagy antagonist [3-methyl adenine (3-MA)] and lysosome antagonist (MHY1485), autophagy was intervened with at oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) 6 h, in order to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy. Using immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis, the expression levels of stress-related proteins, such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) (a key regulator in hypoxia) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2; inflammatory indicator), were analyzed. In addition, the upstream proteins (Wnt1 and Wnt3a), downstream proteins (Dvl2, β-catenin) and target proteins (C-myc and cyclin D) in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were examined by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. The present study revealed that autophagy was activated with the upregulation of autophagic flux in IH injury; it was demonstrated that autophagy had a protective role in IH injury. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway was involved in IH injury regulation, and the upstream proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were upregulated, whereas downstream proteins were downregulated by the activity of autophagy accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Shi
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Xin Deng
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Su Fu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Lai Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Bo Deng
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
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Bootman MD, Chehab T, Bultynck G, Parys JB, Rietdorf K. The regulation of autophagy by calcium signals: Do we have a consensus? Cell Calcium 2017; 70:32-46. [PMID: 28847414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter called 'autophagy') is a cellular process for degrading and recycling cellular constituents, and for maintenance of cell function. Autophagy initiates via vesicular engulfment of cellular materials and culminates in their degradation via lysosomal hydrolases, with the whole process often being termed 'autophagic flux'. Autophagy is a multi-step pathway requiring the interplay of numerous scaffolding and signalling molecules. In particular, orthologs of the family of ∼30 autophagy-regulating (Atg) proteins that were first characterised in yeast play essential roles in the initiation and processing of autophagic vesicles in mammalian cells. The serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a master regulator of the canonical autophagic response of cells to nutrient starvation. In addition, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a key sensor of cellular energy status, can trigger autophagy by inhibiting mTOR, or by phosphorylating other downstream targets. Calcium (Ca2+) has been implicated in autophagic signalling pathways encompassing both mTOR and AMPK, as well as in autophagy seemingly not involving these kinases. Numerous studies have shown that cytosolic Ca2+ signals can trigger autophagy. Moreover, introduction of an exogenous chelator to prevent cytosolic Ca2+ signals inhibits autophagy in response to many different stimuli, with suggestions that buffering Ca2+ affects not only the triggering of autophagy, but also proximal and distal steps during autophagic flux. Observations such as these indicate that Ca2+ plays an essential role as a pro-autophagic signal. However, cellular Ca2+ signals can exert anti-autophagic actions too. For example, Ca2+ channel blockers induce autophagy due to the loss of autophagy-suppressing Ca2+ signals. In addition, the sequestration of Ca2+ by mitochondria during physiological signalling appears necessary to maintain cellular bio-energetics, thereby suppressing AMPK-dependent autophagy. This article attempts to provide an integrated overview of the evidence for the proposed roles of various Ca2+ signals, Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ sources in controlling autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Bootman
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Tala Chehab
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katja Rietdorf
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, MK7 6AA, UK
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Ha S, Jeong SH, Yi K, Chung KM, Hong CJ, Kim SW, Kim EK, Yu SW. Phosphorylation of p62 by AMP-activated protein kinase mediates autophagic cell death in adult hippocampal neural stem cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13795-13808. [PMID: 28655770 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.780874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain, programmed death of neural stem cells is considered to be critical for tissue homeostasis and cognitive function and is dysregulated in neurodegeneration. Previously, we have reported that adult rat hippocampal neural (HCN) stem cells undergo autophagic cell death (ACD) following insulin withdrawal. Because the apoptotic capability of the HCN cells was intact, our findings suggested activation of unique molecular mechanisms linking insulin withdrawal to ACD rather than apoptosis. Here, we report that phosphorylation of autophagy-associated protein p62 by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) drives ACD and mitophagy in HCN cells. Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK or genetic ablation of the AMPK α2 subunit by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing suppressed ACD, whereas AMPK activation promoted ACD in insulin-deprived HCN cells. We found that following insulin withdrawal AMPK phosphorylated p62 at a novel site, Ser-293/Ser-294 (in rat and human p62, respectively). Phosphorylated p62 translocated to mitochondria and induced mitophagy and ACD. Interestingly, p62 phosphorylation at Ser-293 was not required for staurosporine-induced apoptosis in HCN cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the direct phosphorylation of p62 by AMPK. Our data suggest that AMPK-mediated p62 phosphorylation is an ACD-specific signaling event and provide novel mechanistic insight into the molecular mechanisms in ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinwon Ha
- From the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and
| | | | - Kyungrim Yi
- From the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and
| | | | | | - Seong Who Kim
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- From the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and.,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea and
| | - Seong-Woon Yu
- From the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and .,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea and
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Regulation of Autophagy by MiRNAs and Their Emerging Roles in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Treatment. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 334:1-26. [PMID: 28838537 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process for the degradation and recycling of cytosolic components or organelles through a lysosome-dependent pathway. Autophagy can be induced in response to multiple stress conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, energy depletion, etc. As a result, autophagy can regulate many biological processes, including cell survival, metabolism, differentiation, senescence, and cell death. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are small noncoding molecules that regulate gene expression by silencing mRNA targets. MiRNA dysregulation exhibits great regulatory potential during organismal development, hematopoiesis, immunity, cell proliferation and death, and autophagy. Recently, increasing studies have linked MiRNAs to autophagic regulation during cancer initiation and development. Although the relationship between MiRNAs and autophagy is quite complicated and has not been well elucidated, MiRNAs may underlie key aspects of autophagy and cancer biology. Increasing evidence shows that MiRNAs play important roles as both oncogenic MiRNAs and tumor suppressive MiRNAs in cancer initiation and development. Thus, understanding the novel relationship between MiRNAs and autophagy may allow us to develop promising cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Xin P, Li C, Zheng Y, Peng Q, Xiao H, Huang Y, Zhu X. Efficacy of the dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in combination with imatinib mesylate against chronic myelogenous leukemia cell lines. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:1115-1126. [PMID: 28435223 PMCID: PMC5388256 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s132092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway is a therapy target of cancer. We aimed to confirm the effect of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 on proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells and sensitivity of tyrosine kinase inhibitor in vitro. METHODS Two human CML cell lines, K562 and KBM7R (T315I mutant strain), were used. The proliferation of CML cells was detected by MTS (Owen's reagent) assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis assay were examined by flow cytometric analysis. The phosphorylation levels and the expression levels were both evaluated by Western blot analysis. NVP-BEZ235 in combination with imatinib was also used to reveal the effect on proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS NVP-BEZ235 significantly inhibited the proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of NVP-BEZ235 inhibiting the proliferation of K562 and KBM7R were 0.37±0.21 and 0.43±0.27 μmol/L, respectively, after 48 h. Cell apoptosis assay showed that NVP-BEZ235 significantly increased the late apoptotic cells. Cell cycle analysis indicated that the cells were mostly arrested in G1/G0 phase after treatment by NVP-BEZ235. In addition, results also found that, after treatment by NVP-BEZ235, phosphorylation levels of Akt kinase and S6K kinase significantly reduced, and the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 significantly increased; meanwhile, the expression levels of caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2, cyclin D1, and cyclin D2 significantly decreased, and the ratio of LC3II/LC3I was significantly increased with increased LC3II expression level. Moreover, imatinib in combination with NVP-BEZ235 induced a more pronounced colony growth inhibition than imatinib alone. CONCLUSION NVP-BEZ235 effectively inhibited cell proliferation by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis through deregulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in CML cells; in addition, NVP-BEZ235 can enhance cell autophagy, and is conducive to raising CML cell sensitivity to imatinib to inhibit the growth of imatinib-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengliang Xin
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Licheng, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chuntuan Li
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Licheng, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Licheng, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qunyi Peng
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Licheng, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huifang Xiao
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Licheng, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuanling Huang
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Licheng, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiongpeng Zhu
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Licheng, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Chen YF, Liu H, Luo XJ, Zhao Z, Zou ZY, Li J, Lin XJ, Liang Y. The roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy in the survival and death of leukemia cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 112:21-30. [PMID: 28325262 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the etiology and pathogenesis of leukemia is not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that cellular homeostasis plays an essential role in maintaining the function of HSCs because dysregulation of cellular homeostasis is one of the major factors underlying the malignant transformation of HSCs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy, key factors regulating cellular homeostasis, are commonly observed in the human body. Autophagy can be induced by ROS through a variety of signaling pathways, and conversely inhibits ROS-induced damage to cells and tissues. ROS and autophagy coordinate to maintain cellular homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that both of ROS and autophagy play important roles in the development of leukemia and are closely involved in drug resistance in leukemia. Interference with cellular homeostasis by promoting programmed leukemia cell death via ROS and autophagy has been verified to be an efficient technique in the treatment of leukemia. However, the critical roles of ROS and autophagy in the development of leukemia are largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the roles of ROS and autophagy in the pathogenesis of leukemia, which may allow the identification of novel targets and drugs for the treatment of leukemia based on the regulation of HSCs homeostasis through ROS and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin-Jing Luo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-You Zou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Biochemistry Department of Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, North SiChuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Lin
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China.
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