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Wang X, Ge X, Zhang M, Sun J, Ouyang J, Na N. A dynamic cascade DNA nanocomplex to synergistically disrupt the pyroptosis checkpoint and relieve tumor hypoxia for efficient pyroptosis cancer therapy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7079-7091. [PMID: 38756797 PMCID: PMC11095510 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis has attracted widespread concerns in cancer therapy, while the therapeutic efficiency could be significantly restricted by using the crucial pyroptosis checkpoint of autophagy and tumor hypoxia. Herein, a DNA nanocomplex (DNFs@ZnMn), containing cascade DNAzymes, promoter-like ZnO2-Mn nanozymes and photosensitizers, was constructed in one pot through rolling circle amplification reactions to induce pyroptosis through disrupting autophagy. After targeting cancer cells with a high expression of H+ and glutathione, DNFs@ZnMn decomposed to expose DNAzymes and promoter-like ZnO2-Mn nanozymes. Then, sufficient metal ions and O2 were released to promote cascade DNA/RNA cleavage and relieving of tumor hypoxia. The released DNAzyme-1 self-cleaved long DNA strands with Zn2+ as the cofactor and simultaneously exposed DNAzyme-2 to cleave ATG-5 mRNA (with Mn2+ as the cofactor). This cascade DNAzyme-mediated gene regulation process induced downregulation of ATG-5 proteins to disrupt autophagy. Simultaneously, the released ZnO2 donated sufficient H2O2 to generate adequate O2 to relieve tumor hypoxia, obtaining highly cytotoxic 1O2 to trigger pyroptosis. By using dynamic cascade gene silencing to disrupt the pyroptosis checkpoint and synergistic relieving of hypoxia, this DNA nanocomplex significantly weakened cellular resistance to achieve efficient pyroptosis therapy both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xiyang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jianghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai Zhuhai City Guangdong Province 519087 China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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2
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Da Graça J, Delevoye C, Morel E. Morphodynamical adaptation of the endolysosomal system to stress. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38706230 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the spatiotemporal control of endolysosomal organelles is central to the maintenance of homeostasis. By providing an interface between the cytoplasm and external environment, the endolysosomal system is placed at the forefront of the response to a wide range of stresses faced by cells. Endosomes are equipped with a dedicated set of membrane-associated proteins that ensure endosomal functions as well as crosstalk with the secretory or the autophagy pathways. Morphodynamical processes operate through local spatialization of subdomains, enabling specific remodeling and membrane contact capabilities. Consequently, the plasticity of endolysosomal organelles can be considered a robust and flexible tool exploited by cells to cope with homeostatic deviations. In this review, we provide insights into how the cellular responses to various stresses (osmotic, UV, nutrient deprivation, or pathogen infections) rely on the adaptation of the endolysosomal system morphodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Da Graça
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Morel
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, France
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3
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Kim JY, Yang JE, Mitchell JW, English LA, Yang SZ, Tenpas T, Dent EW, Wildonger J, Wright ER. Handling Difficult Cryo-ET Samples: A Study with Primary Neurons from Drosophila melanogaster. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:2127-2148. [PMID: 37966978 PMCID: PMC11168236 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular neurobiology has benefited from recent advances in the field of cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). Numerous structural and ultrastructural insights have been obtained from plunge-frozen primary neurons cultured on electron microscopy grids. With most primary neurons having been derived from rodent sources, we sought to expand the breadth of sample availability by using primary neurons derived from 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larval brains. Ultrastructural abnormalities were encountered while establishing this model system for cryo-ET, which were exemplified by excessive membrane blebbing and cellular fragmentation. To optimize neuronal samples, we integrated substrate selection, micropatterning, montage data collection, and chemical fixation. Efforts to address difficulties in establishing Drosophila neurons for future cryo-ET studies in cellular neurobiology also provided insights that future practitioners can use when attempting to establish other cell-based model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jie E. Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Josephine W. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI 49006, USA
| | - Lauren A. English
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sihui Z. Yang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tanner Tenpas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Erik W. Dent
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jill Wildonger
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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4
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Zhang W, Liu Z, Zhu J, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Qin G, Ren J, Qu X. Bioorthogonal Disruption of Pyroptosis Checkpoint for High-Efficiency Pyroptosis Cancer Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37486170 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that holds great promise in cancer therapy. However, autophagy as the crucial pyroptosis checkpoint and the self-protective mechanism of cancer cells significantly weakens the therapeutic efficiency. Here, a bioorthogonal pyroptosis nanoregulator is constructed to induce pyroptosis and disrupt the checkpoint, enabling high-efficiency pyroptosis cancer therapy. The nanoregulator allows the in situ synthesis and accumulation of the photosensitizer PpIX in the mitochondria of cancer cells to directly produce mitochondrial ROS, thus triggering pyroptosis. Meanwhile, the in situ generated autophagy inhibitor via palladium-catalyzed bioorthogonal chemistry can disrupt the pyroptosis checkpoint to boost the pyroptosis efficacy. With the biomimetic cancer cell membrane coating, this platform for modulating pyroptosis presents specificity to cancer cells and poses no harm to normal tissue, resulting in a highly efficient and safe antitumor treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a disrupting intrinsic protective mechanism of cancer cells for tumor pyroptosis therapy. This work highlights that autophagy as a checkpoint plays a key regulative role in pyroptosis therapy, which would motivate the future design of therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Geng Qin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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5
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Miyano T, Suzuki A, Sakamoto N. Actin cytoskeletal reorganization is involved in hyperosmotic stress-induced autophagy in tubular epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:1-7. [PMID: 37116392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Tubular epithelial cells are routinely exposed to severe changes in osmolarity. Although the autophagic activity of cells is an indispensable process to maintain cellular homeostasis and respond to stressors, the effect of hyperosmotic stress on autophagic activity in tubular epithelial cells remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hyperosmotic stress on autophagy in rat kidney tubular epithelial cells focusing on the role of actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Normal rat kidney (NRK)-52E cells exposed to mannitol-induced hyperosmotic stress. As a result, NRK-52E cells showed elevated protein levels of the autophagosome marker LC3-II, indicating enhancement of the autophagic flux. Hyperosmotic stress also transiently decreased cell volume and caused the reorganization of actin and microtubule cytoskeletal structures in NRK-52E cells. The inhibition of the actin cytoskeleton reorganization by cytochalasin D impaired the increase in the levels of LC3-II; however, disassembly of the microtubules following treatment with nocodazole did not affect the increase. These results indicate that hyperosmotic stress can induce autophagy mediated by the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyano
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
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6
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Du C, Xu H, Cao C, Cao J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Qiao R, Ming W, Li Y, Ren H, Cui X, Luan Z, Guan Y, Zhang X. Neutral amino acid transporter SLC38A2 protects renal medulla from hyperosmolarity-induced ferroptosis. eLife 2023; 12:80647. [PMID: 36722887 PMCID: PMC9949798 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmolarity of the renal medulla is essential for urine concentration and water homeostasis. However, how renal medullary collecting duct (MCD) cells survive and function under harsh hyperosmotic stress remains unclear. Using RNA-Seq, we identified SLC38A2 as a novel osmoresponsive neutral amino acid transporter in MCD cells. Hyperosmotic stress-induced cell death in MCD cells occurred mainly via ferroptosis, and it was significantly attenuated by SLC38A2 overexpression but worsened by Slc38a2-gene deletion or silencing. Mechanistic studies revealed that the osmoprotective effect of SLC38A2 is dependent on the activation of mTORC1. Moreover, an in vivo study demonstrated that Slc38a2-knockout mice exhibited significantly increased medullary ferroptosis following water restriction. Collectively, these findings reveal that Slc38a2 is an important osmoresponsive gene in the renal medulla and provide novel insights into the critical role of SLC38A2 in protecting MCD cells from hyperosmolarity-induced ferroptosis via the mTORC1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Du
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic DiseasesDalianChina
- Health Science Center, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hu Xu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Cong Cao
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jiahui Cao
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Cong Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Rongfang Qiao
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Wenhua Ming
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yaqing Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Huiwen Ren
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaohui Cui
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Zhilin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic DiseasesDalianChina
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Health Science Center, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
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7
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Hu R, Dai C, Dai X, Dong C, Huang H, Song X, Feng W, Ding L, Chen Y, Zhang B. Topology regulation of nanomedicine for autophagy-augmented ferroptosis and cancer immunotherapy. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:77-94. [PMID: 36621435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation form the basis of ferroptosis, potentially circumventing the limitations of apoptosis in cancer treatment. Owing to the lack of potent ferroptosis inducers, the development of efficient ferroptosis-based therapeutic agents and protocols against cancers is highly challenging. Inspired by the topological effect of nanoparticles in modulating cellular function/status, a specific tetrapod ferroptosis-inducer iron-palladium (FePd) nanocrystal was rationally engineered for physically activated autophagy-augmented ferroptosis and enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Specifically, the tetrapod FePd nanocrystal featured strong peroxidase-/glutathione oxidase-mimicking bioactivities, which promoted cancer cell ferroptosis. The special spiky morphology and nanostructure of the FePd nanocrystal simultaneously induced autophagy, which augmented ferroptosis in cancer cells and triggered the release of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages for strengthening anti-PD-L1-antibody mediated immunotherapy, synergistically achieving the maximal antineoplastic effect in three tumor-bearing animal models. This unique physical activation strategy for efficient cancer treatment via precise morphological tuning represents a paradigm for nanomedicine design for efficient tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xinyue Dai
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Caihong Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xinran Song
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.
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8
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Campiani G, Khan T, Ulivieri C, Staiano L, Papulino C, Magnano S, Nathwani S, Ramunno A, Lucena-Agell D, Relitti N, Federico S, Pozzetti L, Carullo G, Casagni A, Brogi S, Vanni F, Galatello P, Ghanim M, McCabe N, Lamponi S, Valoti M, Ibrahim O, O'Sullivan J, Turkington R, Kelly VP, VanWemmel R, Díaz JF, Gemma S, Zisterer D, Altucci L, De Matteis A, Butini S, Benedetti R. Design and synthesis of multifunctional microtubule targeting agents endowed with dual pro-apoptotic and anti-autophagic efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114274. [PMID: 35344902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome dependent cell survival mechanism and is central to the maintenance of organismal homeostasis in both physiological and pathological situations. Targeting autophagy in cancer therapy attracted considerable attention in the past as stress-induced autophagy has been demonstrated to contribute to both drug resistance and malignant progression and recently interest in this area has re-emerged. Unlocking the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulation could be a valuable strategy for designing innovative tools for cancer treatment. Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are some of the most successful anti-cancer drugs used in the clinic to date. Scaling up our efforts to develop new anti-cancer agents, we rationally designed multifunctional agents 5a-l with improved potency and safety that combine tubulin depolymerising efficacy with autophagic flux inhibitory activity. Through a combination of computational, biological, biochemical, pharmacokinetic-safety, metabolic studies and SAR analyses we identified the hits 5i,k. These MTAs were characterised as potent pro-apoptotic agents and also demonstrated autophagy inhibition efficacy. To measure their efficacy at inhibiting autophagy, we investigated their effects on basal and starvation-mediated autophagic flux by quantifying the expression of LC3II/LC3I and p62 proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma and human leukaemia through western blotting and by immunofluorescence study of LC3 and LAMP1 in a cervical carcinoma cell line. Analogues 5i and 5k, endowed with pro-apoptotic activity on a range of hematological cancer cells (including ex-vivo chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells) and several solid tumor cell lines, also behaved as late-stage autophagy inhibitors by impairing autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Tuhina Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Ulivieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Staiano
- Cell Biology and Disease Mechanisms, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Papulino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L, De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, IT, Italy
| | - Stefania Magnano
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Seema Nathwani
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Relitti
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30, 600, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Federico
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Pozzetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alice Casagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Vanni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Galatello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Magda Ghanim
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niamh McCabe
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Health Sciences Building, BT9 7BL, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ola Ibrahim
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey O'Sullivan
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Richard Turkington
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Health Sciences Building, BT9 7BL, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent P Kelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ruben VanWemmel
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L, De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, IT, Italy; Biogem Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Antonella De Matteis
- Cell Biology and Disease Mechanisms, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L, De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, IT, Italy
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9
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McCormick JJ, King KE, Rutherford MM, Meade RD, Notley SR, Akerman AP, Dokladny K, Kenny GP. Effect of extracellular hyperosmolality during normothermia and hyperthermia on the autophagic response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:995-1004. [PMID: 35238651 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00661.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-stress induced dehydration is associated with extracellular hyperosmolality. To counteract the associated stress, cells employ cytoprotective mechanisms, including autophagy, however, the autophagic response to hyperosmotic stress has yet to be evaluated in humans. Thus, we investigated autophagy and associated cellular stress pathways (the heat shock response [HSR], apoptosis, and the acute inflammatory response) to isosmotic and hyperosmotic conditions with and without hyperthermia in twelve young men (mean [SD]; 25 [5] years). Participants received a 90-min intravenous infusion of either isosmotic (ISO; 0.9% NaCl; serum osmolality of 293 [4] mOsm/kg) or hyperosmotic (HYP; 3.0% NaCl; 300 [6] mOsm/kg) saline, followed by passive whole-body heating using a water perfused suit to increase esophageal temperature by ~0.8⁰C. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were harvested at baseline (pre-infusion), post-infusion, and after heating, and changes in protein content were analyzed via Western blotting. Post-infusion, the LC3-II/I ratio was higher in HYP compared to ISO infusion (p<0.001), although no other protein changes were observed (all p>0.050). Following passive heating, autophagy increased in HYP, as demonstrated by an increase in LC3-II from baseline (p=0.004) and an elevated LC3-II/I ratio compared to ISO (p=0.035), and a decrease in p62 when compared to the ISO condition (p=0.019). This was accompanied by an elevation in cleaved caspase-3 following heating in the HYP condition (p<0.010), however, the HSR and acute inflammatory response did not change under any condition (all p>0.050). Taken together, our findings indicate that serum hyperosmolality induces autophagy and apoptotic signaling during mild hyperthermia with minimal autophagic activation during normothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J McCormick
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kelli E King
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maura M Rutherford
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert D Meade
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean R Notley
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ashley P Akerman
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Karol Dokladny
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Pham Le Khanh H, Nemes D, Rusznyák Á, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Fenyvesi F, Váradi J, Vecsernyés M, Bácskay I. Comparative Investigation of Cellular Effects of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:279. [PMID: 35054686 PMCID: PMC8779311 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, polyethylene glycols referred to as PEGs are widely used in cosmetics, consumer care products, and the pharmaceutical industry. Their advantageous properties such as chemical stability, low immunogenicity, and high tolerability explain why PEGs are applied in many fields of pharmaceutical formulations including parenteral, topical, ophthalmic, oral, and rectal preparations and also in modern drug delivery systems. Given their extensive use, they are considered a well-known group of chemicals. However, the number of large-scale comparative studies involving multiple PEGs of wide molecular weight range is low, as in most cases biological effects are estimated upon molecular weight. The aim of this publication was to study the action of PEGs on Caco-2 cells and G. mellonella larvae and to calculate the correlation of these effects with molecular weight and osmolality. Eleven PEGs of different molecular weight were used in our experiments: PEG 200, PEG 300, PEG 400, PEG 600, PEG 1000, PEG 1500, PEG 4000, PEG 8000, PEG 10,000, 12,000, and PEG 20,000. The investigated cellular effects included cytotoxicity (MTT and Neutral Red assays, flow cytometry with propidium iodide and annexin V) and autophagy. The osmolality of different molecular weight PEGs with various concentrations was measured by a vapor pressure osmometer OSMOMAT 070 and G. mellonella larvae were injected with the solutions of PEGs. Sorbitol was used as controls of the same osmolality. Statistical correlation was calculated to describe the average molecular weight dependence of the different measured effects. Osmolality, the cytotoxicity assays, flow cytometry data, and larvae mortality had significant correlation with the structure of the PEGs, while autophagosome formation and the proportion of early apoptotic cells showed no statistical correlation. Overall, it must be noted that PEGs must be tested individually for biological effects as not all effects can be estimated by the average molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Pham Le Khanh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.P.L.K.); (D.N.); (Á.R.); (Z.U.); (P.F.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
- Doctorate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Nemes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.P.L.K.); (D.N.); (Á.R.); (Z.U.); (P.F.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
- Doctorate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Rusznyák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.P.L.K.); (D.N.); (Á.R.); (Z.U.); (P.F.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
- Doctorate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.P.L.K.); (D.N.); (Á.R.); (Z.U.); (P.F.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
- Doctorate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.P.L.K.); (D.N.); (Á.R.); (Z.U.); (P.F.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
- Doctorate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.P.L.K.); (D.N.); (Á.R.); (Z.U.); (P.F.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
- Doctorate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.P.L.K.); (D.N.); (Á.R.); (Z.U.); (P.F.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
- Doctorate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.P.L.K.); (D.N.); (Á.R.); (Z.U.); (P.F.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
- Doctorate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.P.L.K.); (D.N.); (Á.R.); (Z.U.); (P.F.); (F.F.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
- Doctorate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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11
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Protective effect and mechanism of betaine against hyperosmotic stress in porcine intestinal epithelium. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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12
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Li YF, Shi LJ, Wang P, Wang JW, Shi GY, Lee SC. Binding between ROCK1 and DCTN2 triggers diabetes‑associated centrosome amplification in colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:151. [PMID: 34080666 PMCID: PMC8185503 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes increases the risk various types of cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis therein. There is also evidence that the disease is associated with cancer metastasis. Centrosome amplification can initiate tumorigenesis with metastasis in vivo and increase the invasiveness of cancer cells in vitro. Our previous study reported that type 2 diabetes promotes centrosome amplification via the upregulation and centrosomal translocation of Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), which suggests that centrosome amplification is a candidate biological link between type 2 diabetes and cancer development. In the present study, functional proteomics analysis was used to further investigate the molecular pathways underlying centrosome amplification by targeting ROCK1 binding partners. High glucose, insulin and palmitic acid were used to induce centrosome amplification, and immunofluorescent staining was employed to visualize centrosomal alterations. Combined with immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis was used to identify ROCK1 binding proteins, and protein complex disruption was achieved by siRNA-knockdown. In total, 1,148 ROCK1 binding proteins were identified, among which 106 proteins were exclusively associated with the treated samples, 193 were only associated with the control samples, and 849 were found in both the control and treated samples. Of the proteins with evidence of centrosomal localization, Dynactin subunit 2 (DCTN2) was confirmed to be localized to the centrosomes. Treating the cells with high glucose, insulin and palmitic acid increased the protein levels of ROCK1 and DCTN2, promoted their binding with each other, and triggered centrosome amplification. Disruption of the protein complex by knocking down ROCK1 or DCTN2 expression partially attenuated centrosome amplification, while simultaneous knockdown of both proteins completely inhibited centrosome amplification. These results suggested ROCK1-DCTN2 binding as a signal for the regulation of centrosome homeostasis, which is key for diabetes-associated centrosome amplification, and enriches our knowledge of centrosome biology. Therefore, the ROCK1-DCTN2 complex may serve as a target for inhibiting centrosome amplification both in research or future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Jie Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- Changzhi Medical University, Changzhi, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wen Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of The School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P.R. China
| | - Guang Yi Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of The School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P.R. China
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of The School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P.R. China
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13
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Wang P, Wu YJ, Sun ML. Decrease of an intracellular organic osmolyte contributes to the cytotoxicity of organophosphate in neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Toxicology 2021; 453:152725. [PMID: 33617914 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OP) causes prominent delayed neuropathy in vivo and cytotoxicity to neuronal cells in vitro. The primary target protein of OP's neurotoxicity is neuropathy target esterase (NTE), which can convert phosphatidylcholine (PC) to glycerophosphocholine (GPC). Recent studies reveal that autophagic cell death is important for the initiation and progression of OP-induced neurotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanism of how OP induces autophagic cell death is unknown. Here it is found that GPC is an important organic osmolyte in the neuroblastoma cells, and treatment with tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), a representative OP, leads to the decrease of GPC and imbalance of extracellular and intracellular osmolality. Knockdown of GPC metabolizing enzyme glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 5 (GDPD5) reverses TOCP-induced autophagic cell death, which further supports the notion that the reduced GPC level leads to the autophagic cell death. Furthermore, it is found that autophagic cell death is due to the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage by imbalance of osmolality with TOCP treatment. In summary, this study reveals that TOCP treatment decreases GPC level and intracellular osmolality, which induces ROS and mitochondrial damage and leads to the cell death and neurite degradation by autophagy. This study lays the foundation for further investigations on the potential therapeutic approaches for OP neurotoxicity or NTE mutation-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxilu Road, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxilu Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Man-Lian Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxilu Road, Beijing, 100101, China
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14
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Stolley DL, Crouch AC, Özkan A, Seeley EH, Whitley EM, Rylander MN, Cressman ENK. Combining Chemistry and Engineering for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Nano-Scale and Smaller Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1243. [PMID: 33419304 PMCID: PMC7766014 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a major worldwide cause of death from carcinoma. Most patients are not candidates for surgery and medical therapies, including new immunotherapies, have not shown major improvements since the modest benefit seen with the introduction of sorafenib over a decade ago. Locoregional therapies for intermediate stage disease are not curative but provide some benefit. However, upon close scrutiny, there is still residual disease in most cases. We review the current status for treatment of intermediate stage disease, summarize the literature on correlative histopathology, and discuss emerging methods at micro-, nano-, and pico-scales to improve therapy. These include transarterial hyperthermia methods and thermoembolization, along with microfluidics model systems and new applications of mass spectrometry imaging for label-free analysis of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L. Stolley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (D.L.S.); (M.N.R.)
| | - Anna Colleen Crouch
- Interventional Radiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.C.C.); (E.M.W.)
| | - Aliçan Özkan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Erin H. Seeley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Elizabeth M. Whitley
- Interventional Radiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.C.C.); (E.M.W.)
| | - Marissa Nichole Rylander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (D.L.S.); (M.N.R.)
| | - Erik N. K. Cressman
- Interventional Radiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.C.C.); (E.M.W.)
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15
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Stöhr D, Rehm M. Linking hyperosmotic stress and apoptotic sensitivity. FEBS J 2020; 288:1800-1803. [PMID: 32869461 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellular responses to hypertonic stress and how these are linked to the induction of or sensitisation to cell death signals are incompletely understood and rarely studied in cancer. Using cell lines derived from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), Heimer et al. demonstrate that hypertonic environments neutralise the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1 by upregulating its antagonist Noxa. Consequently, hypertonically stressed HNSCC cells rely solely on Bcl-xL for survival and succumb to apoptosis when challenged by pharmacological Bcl-xL inhibition. Similar findings were reported in colorectal cancer cells in related manuscripts, suggesting that a common and conserved mechanistic link might exist between hyperosmotic stress and cellular sensitisation to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Stöhr
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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López-Hernández T, Haucke V, Maritzen T. Endocytosis in the adaptation to cellular stress. Cell Stress 2020; 4:230-247. [PMID: 33024932 PMCID: PMC7520666 DOI: 10.15698/cst2020.10.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular life is challenged by a multitude of stress conditions, triggered for example by alterations in osmolarity, oxygen or nutrient supply. Hence, cells have developed sophisticated stress responses to cope with these challenges. Some of these stress programs such as the heat shock response are understood in great detail, while other aspects remain largely elusive including potential stress-dependent adaptations of the plasma membrane proteome. The plasma membrane is not only the first point of encounter for many types of environmental stress, but given the diversity of receptor proteins and their associated molecules also represents the site at which many cellular signal cascades originate. Since these signaling pathways affect virtually all aspects of cellular life, changes in the plasma membrane proteome appear ideally suited to contribute to the cellular adaptation to stress. The most rapid means to alter the cell surface proteome in response to stress is by alterations in endocytosis. Changes in the overall endocytic flux or in the endocytic regulation of select proteins conceivably can help to counteract adverse environmental conditions. In this review we summarize recent data regarding stress-induced changes in endocytosis and discuss how these changes might contribute to the cellular adaptation to stress in different systems. Future studies will be needed to uncover the underlying mechanisms in detail and to arrive at a coherent picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania López-Hernández
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Abstract
The protein kinase MEKK1 activates stress-signaling pathways in response to various cellular stressors, including chemotherapies that disrupt dynamics of the tubulin cytoskeleton. We show that MEKK1 contains a previously uncharacterized domain that can preferentially bind to the curved tubulin heterodimer—which is found in soluble tubulin and at sites of microtubule assembly and disassembly. Mutations that interfere with MEKK1−tubulin binding disrupt microtubule networks in migrating cells and are enriched in patient-derived tumor sequences. These results suggest that MEKK1−tubulin binding may be relevant to cancer progression, and the efficacy of microtubule-disrupting chemotherapies that require the activity of MEKK1. The MEKK1 protein is a pivotal kinase activator of responses to cellular stress. Activation of MEKK1 can trigger various responses, including mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, NF-κB signaling, or cell migration. Notably, MEKK1 activity is triggered by microtubule-targeting chemotherapies, among other stressors. Here we show that MEKK1 contains a previously unidentified tumor overexpressed gene (TOG) domain. The MEKK1 TOG domain binds to tubulin heterodimers—a canonical function of TOG domains—but is unusual in that it appears alone rather than as part of a multi-TOG array, and has structural features distinct from previously characterized TOG domains. MEKK1 TOG demonstrates a clear preference for binding curved tubulin heterodimers, which exist in soluble tubulin and at sites of microtubule polymerization and depolymerization. Mutations disrupting tubulin binding decrease microtubule density at the leading edge of polarized cells, suggesting that tubulin binding may play a role in MEKK1 activity at the cellular periphery. We also show that MEKK1 mutations at the tubulin-binding interface of the TOG domain recur in patient-derived tumor sequences, suggesting selective enrichment of tumor cells with disrupted MEKK1–microtubule association. Together, these findings provide a direct link between the MEKK1 protein and tubulin, which is likely to be relevant to cancer cell migration and response to microtubule-modulating therapies.
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18
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Endocytic regulation of cellular ion homeostasis controls lysosome biogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:815-827. [PMID: 32601373 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes serve as cellular degradation and signalling centres that coordinate metabolism in response to intracellular cues and extracellular signals. Lysosomal capacity is adapted to cellular needs by transcription factors, such as TFEB and TFE3, which activate the expression of lysosomal and autophagy genes. Nuclear translocation and activation of TFEB are induced by a variety of conditions such as starvation, lysosome stress and lysosomal storage disorders. How these various cues are integrated remains incompletely understood. Here, we describe a pathway initiated at the plasma membrane that controls lysosome biogenesis via the endocytic regulation of intracellular ion homeostasis. This pathway is based on the exo-endocytosis of NHE7, a Na+/H+ exchanger mutated in X-linked intellectual disability, and serves to control intracellular ion homeostasis and thereby Ca2+/calcineurin-mediated activation of TFEB and downstream lysosome biogenesis in response to osmotic stress to promote the turnover of toxic proteins and cell survival.
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19
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Yang J, Zhang H, Sun S, Wang X, Guan Y, Mi Q, Zeng W, Xiang H, Zhu H, Zou X, You Y, Xiang Y, Gao Q. Autophagy and Hsp70 activation alleviate oral epithelial cell death induced by food-derived hypertonicity. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:253-264. [PMID: 31975220 PMCID: PMC7058754 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable intracellular and intercellular osmolarity is vital for all physiological processes. Although it is the first organ that receives food, the osmolarity around the mouth epithelium has never been systematically investigated. We found that oral epithelial cells are a population of ignored cells routinely exposed to hypertonic environments mainly composed of saline, glucose, etc. in vivo after chewing food. By using cultured oral epithelial cells as an in vitro model, we found that the hypotonic environments caused by both high NaCl and high glucose induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Transcriptomics revealed similar expression profiles after high NaCl and high glucose stimulation. Most of the common differentially expressed genes were enriched in "mitophagy" and "autophagy" according to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Hypertonic stimulation for 1 to 6 h resulted in autophagosome formation. The activation of autophagy protected cells from high osmolarity-induced cell death. The activation of Hsp70 by the pharmacological activator handelin significantly improved the cell survival rate after hypertonic stimulation. The protective role of Hsp70 activation was partially dependent on autophagy activation, indicating a crosstalk between Hsp70 and autophagy in hypertonic stress response. The extract of the handelin-containing herb Chrysanthemum indicum significantly protected oral epithelial cells from hypertonic-induced death, providing an inexpensive way to protect against hypertonic-induced oral epithelial damage. In conclusion, the present study emphasized the importance of changes in osmolarity in oral health for the first time. The identification of novel compounds or herbal plant extracts that can activate autophagy or HSPs may contribute to oral health and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Aging in Jiangxi Province, Human Aging Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Sujiao Sun
- Medical Cosmetology Teaching and Research Section, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, No.32 Jiashibo Road, Dali, 532901, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, No. 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Qili Mi
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Wanli Zeng
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Haiying Xiang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Huadong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Aging in Jiangxi Province, Human Aging Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Human Aging in Jiangxi Province, Human Aging Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yunfei You
- Key Laboratory of Human Aging in Jiangxi Province, Human Aging Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Human Aging in Jiangxi Province, Human Aging Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Qian Gao
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming, 650106, China.
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20
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Neubert P, Weichselbaum A, Reitinger C, Schatz V, Schröder A, Ferdinand JR, Simon M, Bär AL, Brochhausen C, Gerlach RG, Tomiuk S, Hammer K, Wagner S, van Zandbergen G, Binger KJ, Müller DN, Kitada K, Clatworthy MR, Kurts C, Titze J, Abdullah Z, Jantsch J. HIF1A and NFAT5 coordinate Na +-boosted antibacterial defense via enhanced autophagy and autolysosomal targeting. Autophagy 2019; 15:1899-1916. [PMID: 30982460 PMCID: PMC6844503 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation are able to induce diet-independent Na+-accumulation without commensurate water retention in afflicted tissues, which favors the pro-inflammatory activation of mouse macrophages and augments their antibacterial and antiparasitic activity. While Na+-boosted host defense against the protozoan parasite Leishmania major is mediated by increased expression of the leishmanicidal NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible), the molecular mechanisms underpinning this enhanced antibacterial defense of mouse macrophages with high Na+ (HS) exposure are unknown. Here, we provide evidence that HS-increased antibacterial activity against E. coli was neither dependent on NOS2 nor on the phagocyte oxidase. In contrast, HS-augmented antibacterial defense hinged on HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit)-dependent increased autophagy, and NFAT5 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 5)-dependent targeting of intracellular E. coli to acidic autolysosomal compartments. Overall, these findings suggest that the autolysosomal compartment is a novel target of Na+-modulated cell autonomous innate immunity. Abbreviations: ACT: actins; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; ATG2A: autophagy related 2A; ATG4C: autophagy related 4C, cysteine peptidase; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG12: autophagy related 12; BECN1: beclin 1; BMDM: bone marrow-derived macrophages; BNIP3: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3; CFU: colony forming units; CM-H2DCFDA: 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester; CTSB: cathepsin B; CYBB: cytochrome b-245 beta chain; DAPI: 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMOG: dimethyloxallyl glycine; DPI: diphenyleneiodonium chloride; E. coli: Escherichia coli; FDR: false discovery rate; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis; GO: gene ontology; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit; HUGO: human genome organization; HS: high salt (+ 40 mM of NaCl to standard cell culture conditions); HSP90: heat shock 90 kDa proteins; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; Lyz2/LysM: lysozyme 2; NFAT5/TonEBP: nuclear factor of activated T cells 5; MΦ: macrophages; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NaCl: sodium chloride; NES: normalized enrichment score; n.s.: not significant; NO: nitric oxide; NOS2/iNOS: nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible; NS: normal salt; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PGK1: phosphoglycerate kinase 1; PHOX: phagocyte oxidase; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RNA: ribonucleic acid; ROS: reactive oxygen species; sCFP3A: super cyan fluorescent protein 3A; SBFI: sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate; SLC2A1/GLUT1: solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; v-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-ATPase; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Weichselbaum
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Reitinger
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Institute of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michaela Simon
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lorena Bär
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Karin Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Katrina J. Binger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dominik N. Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kento Kitada
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Titze
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Zeinab Abdullah
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Hyperosmotic Stress Induces Unconventional Autophagy Independent of the Ulk1 Complex. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00024-19. [PMID: 31160490 PMCID: PMC6664608 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00024-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is considered an adaptive mechanism against hyperosmotic stress. Although the process has been reported to be triggered by the inhibition of mTORC1, the precise downstream mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that hyperosmotic-stress-induced autophagy is different from conventional macroautophagy in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and human T24 cells. Our results indicated that cytoplasmic puncta for the isolation membrane markers WIPI2 and Atg16L increased after hyperosmotic stress. They were found to partially colocalize with puncta for a selective autophagy substrate, SQSTM1/p62, and were shown to be diminished by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or by knockdown of human Vps34 (hVps34), a component of PI3K. In addition, flux assays showed that SQSTM1/p62 and NcoA4 were degraded by the lysosomal pathway. Surprisingly, Ulk1, which is essential for starvation-induced macroautophagy, remained inactivated under hyperosmotic stress, which was partially caused by mTOR activity. Accordingly, the Ulk1 complex was not nucleated under hyperosmotic stress. Finally, autophagy proceeded even in MEFs deficient in RB1CC1/FIP200 or Atg13, which encode components of the Ulk1 complex. These data suggest that hyperosmotic-stress-induced autophagy represents an unconventional type of autophagy that bypasses Ulk1 signaling.
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22
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Hyperosmotic Stress Initiates AMPK-Independent Autophagy and AMPK- and Autophagy-Independent Depletion of Thioredoxin 1 and Glyoxalase 2 in HT22 Nerve Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2715810. [PMID: 31049129 PMCID: PMC6458930 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2715810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Hyperosmotic stress is an important pathophysiologic condition in diabetes, severe trauma, dehydration, infection, and ischemia. Furthermore, brain neuronal cells face hyperosmotic stress in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Despite the enormous importance of knowing the homeostatic mechanisms underlying the responses of nerve cells to hyperosmotic stress, this topic has been underrepresented in the literature. Recent evidence points to autophagy induction as a hallmark of hyperosmotic stress, which has been proposed to be controlled by mTOR inhibition as a consequence of AMPK activation. We previously showed that methylglyoxal induced a decrease in the antioxidant proteins thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and glyoxalase 2 (Glo2), which was mediated by AMPK-dependent autophagy. Thus, we hypothesized that hyperosmotic stress would have the same effect. Methods HT22 hippocampal nerve cells were treated with NaCl (37, 75, or 150 mM), and the activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway was investigated, as well as the levels of Trx1 and Glo2. To determine if autophagy was involved, the inhibitors bafilomycin (Baf) and chloroquine (CQ), as well as ATG5 siRNA, were used. To test for AMPK involvement, AMPK-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were used. Results Hyperosmotic stress induced a clear increase in autophagy, which was demonstrated by a decrease in p62 and an increase in LC3 lipidation. AMPK phosphorylation, linked to a decrease in mTOR and S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation, was also observed. Deletion of AMPK in MEFs did not prevent autophagy induction by hyperosmotic stress, as detected by decreased p62 and increased LC3 II, or mTOR inhibition, inferred by decreased phosphorylation of P70 S6 kinase and S6 ribosomal protein. These data indicating that AMPK was not involved in autophagy activation by hyperosmotic stress were supported by a decrease in pS555-ULK1, an AMPK phosphorylation site. Trx1 and Glo2 levels were decreased at 6 and 18 h after treatment with 150 mM NaCl. However, this decrease in Trx1 and Glo2 in HT22 cells was not prevented by autophagy inhibition by Baf, CQ, or ATG5 siRNA. AMPK-deficient MEFs under hyperosmotic stress presented the same Trx1 and Glo2 decrease as wild-type cells. Conclusion Hyperosmotic stress induced AMPK activation, but this was not responsible for its effects on mTOR activity or autophagy induction. Moreover, the decrease in Trx1 and Glo2 induced by hyperosmotic stress was independent of both autophagy and AMPK activation.
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23
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Zhu H, Cao W, Zhao P, Wang J, Qian Y, Li Y. Hyperosmotic stress stimulates autophagy via the NFAT5/mTOR pathway in cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3459-3466. [PMID: 30221680 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stress may be initiated during a diverse range pathological circumstances, which in turn results in tissue damage. In this process, the activation of survival signaling, which has the capacity to restore cell homeostasis, determines cell fate. Autophagy is responsible for cell survival and is activated by various pathological stimuli. However, its interplay with hyperosmotic stress and its effect on terminally differentiated cardiac myocytes is unknown. Nuclear factor of activated T‑cells 5 (NFAT5), an osmo‑sensitive transcription factor, mediates the expression of cell survival associated‑genes under hyperosmotic conditions. The present study investigated whether NFAT5 signaling is required in hyperosmotic stress‑induced autophagy. It was demonstrated that the presence of a hyperosmotic stress induced an increase in NFAT5 expression, which in turn triggered autophagy through autophagy‑related protein 5 (Atg5) activation. By contrast, NFAT5 silencing inhibited DNA damage response 1 protein expression, which then initiated the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Therefore, the balance between NFAT5‑induced apoptosis and autophagy may serve a critical role in the determination of the fate of cardiomyocytes under hyperosmotic stress. These data suggest that autophagy activation is a beneficial adaptive response to attenuate hyperosmotic stress‑induced cell death. Therefore, increasing autophagy through activation of NFAT5 may provide a novel cardioprotective strategy against hyperosmotic stress‑induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jieyu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Qian
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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24
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Krokowski D, Guan BJ, Wu J, Zheng Y, Pattabiraman PP, Jobava R, Gao XH, Di XJ, Snider MD, Mu TW, Liu S, Storrie B, Pearlman E, Blumental-Perry A, Hatzoglou M. GADD34 Function in Protein Trafficking Promotes Adaptation to Hyperosmotic Stress in Human Corneal Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2895-2910. [PMID: 29212034 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GADD34, a stress-induced regulatory subunit of the phosphatase PP1, is known to function in hyperosmotic stress through its well-known role in the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Adaptation to hyperosmotic stress is important for the health of corneal epithelial cells exposed to changes in extracellular osmolarity, with maladaptation leading to dry eye syndrome. This adaptation includes induction of SNAT2, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi-processed protein, which helps to reverse the stress-induced loss of cell volume and promote homeostasis through amino acid uptake. Here, we show that GADD34 promotes the processing of proteins synthesized on the ER during hyperosmotic stress independent of its action in the ISR. We show that GADD34/PP1 phosphatase activity reverses hyperosmotic-stress-induced Golgi fragmentation and is important for cis- to trans-Golgi trafficking of SNAT2, thereby promoting SNAT2 plasma membrane localization and function. These results suggest that GADD34 is a protective molecule for ocular diseases such as dry eye syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Krokowski
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yuke Zheng
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Padmanabhan P Pattabiraman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Raul Jobava
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xing-Huang Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Di
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Martin D Snider
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ting-Wei Mu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anna Blumental-Perry
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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25
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Ntsapi C, Lumkwana D, Swart C, du Toit A, Loos B. New Insights Into Autophagy Dysfunction Related to Amyloid Beta Toxicity and Neuropathology in Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 336:321-361. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Moura-Martiniano NO, Machado-Ferreira E, Gazêta GS, Soares CAG. Relative transcription of autophagy-related genes in Amblyomma sculptum and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 73:401-428. [PMID: 29181673 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ticks endure stressful off-host periods and perform as vectors of a diversity of infectious agents, thus engaging pathways that expectedly demand for autophagy. Little is known of ticks' autophagy, a conserved eukaryotic machinery assisting in homeostasis processes that also participates in tissue-dependent metabolic functions. Here, the autophagy-related ATG4 (autophagin-1), ATG6 (beclin-1) and ATG8 (LC3) mRNAs from the human diseases vector Amblyomma sculptum and the cattle-tick Rhipicephalus microplus were identified. Comparative qPCR quantifications evidenced different transcriptional status for the ATG genes in the salivary glands (SG), ovaries and intestines of actively feeding ticks. These ATGs had increased relative transcription under nutrient-deprivation, as determined by validation tests with R. microplus embryo-derivative cells BME26 and A. sculptum SG explants incubations in HBSS. Starvation lead to 4-31.8× and ~ 60-500× increments on the ATGs mRNA loads in BME26 and A. sculptum SG explants, respectively. PI3K inhibitor 3MA treatment also affected ATGs expression in BME26. Some ATGs were more transcribed in the SGs than in the ovaries of cattle-ticks. Amblyomma sculptum/R. microplus interspecific comparisons showed that ATG4 and ATG6 were 0.18× less expressed in A. sculptum SGs, but ~ 10-100× more expressed in their ovaries when compared to R. microplus organs. ATG4 and ATG8a transcript loads were ~ 120× and ~ 40× higher, respectively, in A. sculptum intestines when compared to cattle-ticks of similar weight category. ATGs expression in A. sculptum intestines increased with tick weight, indicating Atgs contribution to intracellular blood digestion. Possible roles of the autophagy machinery and their organ-specific expression profile on vector biology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O Moura-Martiniano
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Eucariontes e Simbiontes, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erik Machado-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Eucariontes e Simbiontes, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto S Gazêta
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Gomes Soares
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Eucariontes e Simbiontes, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- , Ilha do Fundão, CCS, Bloco A, Lab. A2-120. Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco S/N, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
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27
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Peña-Oyarzun D, Troncoso R, Kretschmar C, Hernando C, Budini M, Morselli E, Lavandero S, Criollo A. Hyperosmotic stress stimulates autophagy via polycystin-2. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55984-55997. [PMID: 28915568 PMCID: PMC5593539 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various intracellular mechanisms are activated in response to stress, leading to adaptation or death. Autophagy, an intracellular process that promotes lysosomal degradation of proteins, is an adaptive response to several types of stress. Osmotic stress occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions, provoking mechanical stress and activating various osmoadaptive mechanisms. Polycystin-2 (PC2), a membrane protein of the polycystin family, is a mechanical sensor capable of activating the cell signaling pathways required for cell adaptation and survival. Here we show that hyperosmotic stress provoked by treatment with hyperosmolar concentrations of sorbitol or mannitol induces autophagy in HeLa and HCT116 cell lines. In addition, we show that mTOR and AMPK, two stress sensor proteins involved modulating autophagy, are downregulated and upregulated, respectively, when cells are subjected to hyperosmotic stress. Finally, our findings show that PC2 is required to promote hyperosmotic stress-induced autophagy. Downregulation of PC2 prevents inhibition of hyperosmotic stress-induced mTOR pathway activation. In conclusion, our data provide new insight into the role of PC2 as a mechanosensor that modulates autophagy under hyperosmotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peña-Oyarzun
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Kretschmar
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hernando
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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28
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Liu C, Choi H, Johnson ZI, Tian J, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Lack of evidence for involvement of TonEBP and hyperosmotic stimulus in induction of autophagy in the nucleus pulposus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4543. [PMID: 28674405 PMCID: PMC5495809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells reside in a physiologically hyperosmotic environment within the intervertebral disc. TonEBP/NFAT5 is an osmo-sensitive transcription factor that controls expression of genes critical for cell survival under hyperosmotic conditions. A recent report on NP and studies of other cell types have shown that hyperosmolarity triggers autophagy. However, little is known whether such autophagy induction occurs through TonEBP. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of TonEBP in hyperosmolarity-dependent autophagy in NP. Loss-of-function studies showed that autophagy in NP cells was not TonEBP-dependent; hyperosmolarity did not upregulate autophagy as previously reported. NP tissue of haploinsufficient TonEBP mice showed normal pattern of LC3 staining. NP cells did not increase LC3-II or LC3-positive puncta under hyperosmotic conditions. Bafilomycin-A1 treatment and tandem mCherry-EGFP-LC3B reporter transfection demonstrated that the autophagic flux was unaffected by hyperosmolarity. Even under serum-free conditions, NP cells did not induce autophagy with increasing osmolarity. Hyperosmolarity did not change the phosphorylation of ULK1 by mTOR and AMPK. An ex vivo disc organ culture study supported that extracellular hyperosmolarity plays no role in promoting autophagy in the NP. We conclude that hyperosmolarity does not play a role in autophagy induction in NP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Central Hospital of Songjiang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hyowon Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zariel I Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jiwei Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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29
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Ernandez T, Komarynets O, Chassot A, Sougoumarin S, Soulié P, Wang Y, Montesano R, Feraille E. Primary cilia control the maturation of tubular lumen in renal collecting duct epithelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C94-C107. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00290.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The key role of the primary cilium in developmental processes is illustrated by ciliopathies resulting from genetic defects of its components. Ciliopathies include a large variety of dysmorphic syndromes that share in common the presence of multiple kidney cysts. These observations suggest that primary cilia may control morphogenetic processes in the developing kidney. In this study, we assessed the role of primary cilium in branching tubulogenesis and/or lumen development using kidney collecting duct-derived mCCDN21 cells that display spontaneous tubulogenic properties when grown in collagen-Matrigel matrix. Tubulogenesis and branching were not altered when cilium body growth was inhibited by Kif3A or Ift88 silencing. In agreement with the absence of a morphogenetic effect, proliferation and wound-healing assay revealed that neither cell proliferation nor migration were altered by cilium body disruption. The absence of cilium following Kif3A or Ift88 silencing in mCCDN21 cells did not alter the initial stages of tubular lumen generation while lumen maturation and enlargement were delayed. This delay in tubular lumen maturation was not observed after Pkd1 knockdown in mCCDN21 cells. The delayed lumen maturation was explained by neither defective secretion or increased reabsorption of luminal fluid. Our results indicate that primary cilia do not control early morphogenetic processes in renal epithelium. Rather, primary cilia modulate tubular lumen maturation and enlargement resulting from luminal fluid accumulation in tubular structures derived from collecting duct cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ernandez
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; and
| | - Olga Komarynets
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Chassot
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Soushma Sougoumarin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Priscilla Soulié
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yubao Wang
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Montesano
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Feraille
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; and
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
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30
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Weak protein-protein interactions in live cells are quantified by cell-volume modulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:6776-6781. [PMID: 28607089 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700818114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Weakly bound protein complexes play a crucial role in metabolic, regulatory, and signaling pathways, due in part to the high tunability of their bound and unbound populations. This tunability makes weak binding (micromolar to millimolar dissociation constants) difficult to quantify under biologically relevant conditions. Here, we use rapid perturbation of cell volume to modulate the concentration of weakly bound protein complexes, allowing us to detect their dissociation constant and stoichiometry directly inside the cell. We control cell volume by modulating media osmotic pressure and observe the resulting complex association and dissociation by FRET microscopy. We quantitatively examine the interaction between GAPDH and PGK, two sequential enzymes in the glycolysis catalytic cycle. GAPDH and PGK have been shown to interact weakly, but the interaction has not been quantified in vivo. A quantitative model fits our experimental results with log Kd = -9.7 ± 0.3 and a 2:1 prevalent stoichiometry of the GAPDH:PGK complex. Cellular volume perturbation is a widely applicable tool to detect transient protein interactions and other biomolecular interactions in situ. Our results also suggest that cells could use volume change (e.g., as occurs upon entry to mitosis) to regulate function by altering biomolecular complex concentrations.
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31
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Gankam-Kengne F, Couturier BS, Soupart A, Brion JP, Decaux G. Osmotic Stress-Induced Defective Glial Proteostasis Contributes to Brain Demyelination after Hyponatremia Treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:1802-1813. [PMID: 28122966 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016050509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate protein folding is necessary for normal cell function and a tightly regulated process that requires proper intracellular ionic strength. In many cell types, imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which if sustained, can in turn lead to cell death. In nematodes, osmotic stress induces massive protein aggregation coupled with unfolded protein response and ER stress. In clinical practice, patients sustaining rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia are at risk of osmotic demyelination syndrome. The intense osmotic stress sustained by brain cells is believed to be the major risk factor for demyelination resulting from astrocyte death, which leads to microglial activation, blood-brain barrier opening, and later, myelin damage. Here, using a rat model of osmotic demyelination, we showed that rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia induces severe alterations in proteostasis characterized by diffuse protein aggregation and ubiquitination. Abrupt correction of hyponatremia resulted in vigorous activation of both the unfolded protein response and ER stress accompanied by increased autophagic activity and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence revealed that most of these processes occurred in astrocytes within regions previously shown to be demyelinated in later stages of this syndrome. These results identify osmotic stress as a potent protein aggregation stimuli in mammalian brain and further suggest that osmotic demyelination might be a consequence of proteostasis failure on severe osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Gankam-Kengne
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit on Hydromineral Metabolism, .,Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Histology and Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, and.,Service de Néphrologie, EpiCURA Ath, Ath, Belgium; and
| | - Bruno S Couturier
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit on Hydromineral Metabolism.,Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Histology and Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, and.,Hopital Erasme, Service de Médecine Interne générale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Alain Soupart
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit on Hydromineral Metabolism.,Service de Médecine Interne Générale, Hopitaux Iris Sud site Molière, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean Pierre Brion
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Histology and Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, and
| | - Guy Decaux
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit on Hydromineral Metabolism, .,Hopital Erasme, Service de Médecine Interne générale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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32
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Luo L, Zhang P, Zhu R, Fu J, Su J, Zheng J, Wang Z, Wang D, Gong Q. Autophagy Is Rapidly Induced by Salt Stress and Is Required for Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1459. [PMID: 28878796 PMCID: PMC5572379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress challenges agriculture and food security globally. Upon salt stress, plant growth slows down, nutrients are recycled, osmolytes are produced, and reallocation of Na+ takes place. Since autophagy is a high-throughput degradation pathway that contributes to nutrient remobilization in plants, we explored the involvement of autophagic flux in salt stress response of Arabidopsis with various approaches. Confocal microscopy of GFP-ATG8a in transgenic Arabidopsis showed that autophagosome formation is induced shortly after salt treatment. Immunoblotting of ATG8s and the autophagy receptor NBR1 confirmed that the level of autophagy peaks within 30 min of salt stress, and then settles to a new homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Such an induction is absent in mutants defective in autophagy. Within 3 h of salt treatment, accumulation of oxidized proteins is alleviated in the wild-type; however, such a reduction is not seen in atg2 or atg7. Consistently, the Arabidopsis atg mutants are hypersensitive to both salt and osmotic stresses, and plants overexpressing ATG8 perform better than the wild-type in germination assays. Quantification of compatible osmolytes further confirmed that the autophagic flux contributes to salt stress adaptation. Imaging of intracellular Na+ revealed that autophagy is required for Na+ sequestration in the central vacuole of root cortex cells following salt treatment. These data suggest that rapid protein turnover through autophagy is a prerequisite for salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Wang
- *Correspondence: Dan Wang, Qingqiu Gong,
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Abstract
The with-no-lysine (K) (WNK) kinases are an atypical family of protein kinases that regulate ion transport across cell membranes. Mutations that result in their overexpression cause hypertension-related disorders in humans. Of the four mammalian WNKs, only WNK1 is expressed throughout the body. We report that WNK1 inhibits autophagy, an intracellular degradation pathway implicated in several human diseases. Using small-interfering RNA-mediated WNK1 knockdown, we show autophagosome formation and autophagic flux are accelerated. In cells with reduced WNK1, basal and starvation-induced autophagy is increased. We also show that depletion of WNK1 stimulates focal class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex (PI3KC3) activity, which is required to induce autophagy. Depletion of WNK1 increases the expression of the PI3KC3 upstream regulator unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), its phosphorylation, and activation of the kinase upstream of ULK1, the AMP-activated protein kinase. In addition, we show that the N-terminal region of WNK1 binds to the UV radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG) in vitro and WNK1 partially colocalizes with UVRAG, a component of a PI3KC3 complex. This colocalization decreases upon starvation of cells. Depletion of the SPS/STE20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase, a WNK1-activated enzyme, also induces autophagy in nutrient-replete or -starved conditions, but depletion of the related kinase and WNK1 substrate, oxidative stress responsive 1, does not. These results indicate that WNK1 inhibits autophagy by multiple mechanisms.
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34
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Gamboni F, Anderson C, Mitra S, Reisz JA, Nemkov T, Dzieciatkowska M, Jones KL, Hansen KC, D'Alessandro A, Banerjee A. Hypertonic Saline Primes Activation of the p53-p21 Signaling Axis in Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells That Prevents Inflammation Induced by Pro-inflammatory Cytokines. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3813-3826. [PMID: 27529569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammatory responses underlie the etiology of acute lung injury and acute distress respiratory syndrome, the most common late complications in trauma, the leading cause of death under the age of 59. Treatment with HTS decreases lung injury in clinical trials, rat models of trauma and hemorrhagic shock and inflammation in lung cell lines, although the mechanisms underlying these responses are still incompletely understood. Transcriptomics (RNaseq), proteomics, and U-13C-glucose tracing metabolomics experiments were performed to investigate the mechanisms of cellular responses to HTS treatment in primary small airway epithelial cells in the presence or absence of inflammatory injury mediated by a cocktail of cytokines (10 ng/mL of IFNγ, IL-1β, and TNFα). Modestly hyperosmolar HTS has an anti-inflammatory effect, triggers the p53-p21 signaling axis, and deregulates mitochondrial metabolism while inducing minimal apoptosis in response to a second hit by cytokines. Decreased transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines suggested a role for the tumor suppressor protein p53 in mediating the beneficial effects of the HTS treatment. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms induced by HTS involves p53 gene regulation, promotes cell cycle arrest, and prevents ROS formation and mitochondria depolarization. Pharmaceutical targeting of the p53-p21 axis may mimic or reinforce the beneficial effects mediated by HTS when sustained hypertonicity cannot be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Gamboni
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Research Center , Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Room 6420, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Cameron Anderson
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Research Center , Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Room 6420, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Sanchayita Mitra
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Research Center , Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Room 6420, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Research Center , Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Room 6420, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Herpes Simplex Virus and Interferon Signaling Induce Novel Autophagic Clusters in Sensory Neurons. J Virol 2016; 90:4706-4719. [PMID: 26912623 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02908-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong infection in the neurons of trigeminal ganglia (TG), cycling between productive infection and latency. Neuronal antiviral responses are driven by type I interferon (IFN) and are crucial to controlling HSV-1 virulence. Autophagy also plays a role in this neuronal antiviral response, but the mechanism remains obscure. In this study, HSV-1 infection of murine TG neurons triggered unusual clusters of autophagosomes, predominantly in neurons lacking detectable HSV-1 antigen. Treatment of neurons with IFN-β induced a similar response, and cluster formation by infection or IFN treatment was dependent upon an intact IFN-signaling pathway. The autophagic clusters were decorated with both ISG15, an essential effecter of the antiviral response, and p62, a selective autophagy receptor. The autophagic clusters were not induced by rapamycin or starvation, consistent with a process of selective autophagy. While clusters were triggered by other neurotropic herpesviruses, infection with unrelated viruses failed to induce this response. Following ocular infection in vivo, clusters formed exclusively in the infected ophthalmic branch of the TG. Taken together, our results show that infection with HSV and antiviral signaling in TG neurons produce an unorthodox autophagic response. This autophagic clustering is associated with antiviral signaling, the presence of viral genome, and the absence of HSV protein expression and may therefore represent an important neuronal response to HSV infection and the establishment of latency. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous virus and a significant cause of morbidity and some mortality. It is the causative agent of benign cold sores, but it can also cause blindness and life-threatening encephalitis. The success of HSV-1 is largely due to its ability to establish lifelong latent infections in neurons and to occasionally reactivate. The exact mechanisms by which neurons defend against virus infection is poorly understood, but such defense is at least partially mediated by autophagy, an intracellular pathway by which pathogens and other unwanted cargoes are degraded. The study demonstrates and investigates a new autophagic structure that appears to be specific to the interaction between neurotropic herpesviruses and murine primary sensory neurons. This work may therefore have important implications for our understanding of latency and reactivation.
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36
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Trepiccione F, Gerber SD, Grahammer F, López-Cayuqueo KI, Baudrie V, Păunescu TG, Capen DE, Picard N, Alexander RT, Huber TB, Chambrey R, Brown D, Houillier P, Eladari D, Simons M. Renal Atp6ap2/(Pro)renin Receptor Is Required for Normal Vacuolar H+-ATPase Function but Not for the Renin-Angiotensin System. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3320-3330. [PMID: 27044666 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ATPase H+-transporting lysosomal accessory protein 2 (Atp6ap2), also known as the (pro)renin receptor, is a type 1 transmembrane protein and an accessory subunit of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) that may also function within the renin-angiotensin system. However, the contribution of Atp6ap2 to renin-angiotensin-dependent functions remains unconfirmed. Using mice with an inducible conditional deletion of Atp6ap2 in mouse renal epithelial cells, we found that decreased V-ATPase expression and activity in the intercalated cells of the collecting duct impaired acid-base regulation by the kidney. In addition, these mice suffered from marked polyuria resistant to desmopressin administration. Immunoblotting revealed downregulation of the medullary Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter NKCC2 in these mice compared with wild-type mice, an effect accompanied by a hypotonic medullary interstitium and impaired countercurrent multiplication. This phenotype correlated with strong autophagic defects in epithelial cells of medullary tubules. Notably, cells with high accumulation of the autophagosomal substrate p62 displayed the strongest reduction of NKCC2 expression. Finally, nephron-specific Atp6ap2 depletion did not affect angiotensin II production, angiotensin II-dependent BP regulation, or sodium handling in the kidney. Taken together, our results show that nephron-specific deletion of Atp6ap2 does not affect the renin-angiotensin system but causes a combination of renal concentration defects and distal renal tubular acidosis as a result of impaired V-ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trepiccione
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche_S970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Science, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Simon D Gerber
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Florian Grahammer
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karen I López-Cayuqueo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche_S970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Véronique Baudrie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche_S970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Teodor G Păunescu
- Program in Membrane Biology/Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diane E Capen
- Program in Membrane Biology/Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicolas Picard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 8228, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche_S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - R Todd Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Regine Chambrey
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche_S970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dennis Brown
- Program in Membrane Biology/Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pascal Houillier
- Program in Membrane Biology/Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dominique Eladari
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche_S970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France;
| | - Matias Simons
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France;
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37
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Higuchi T, Nishikawa J, Inoue H. Sucrose induces vesicle accumulation and autophagy. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:609-17. [PMID: 25389129 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that the treatment of mammalian cells with sucrose leads to vacuole accumulation associated with lysosomes and upregulation of lysosomal enzyme expression and activity. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved homeostatic process by which cells deliver cytoplasmic material for degradation into lysosomes, thus it is probable that sucrose affects the autophagic activity. The role of sucrose in autophagy is unknown; however, another disaccharide, trehalose has been shown to induce autophagy. In the current study, we used mouse embryonic fibroblasts to investigate whether sucrose induces autophagy and whether vesicle formation is associated with autophagy. The results showed that sucrose induces autophagy while being accumulated within the endosomes/lysosomes. These vesicles were swollen and packed within the cytoplasm. Furthermore, trehalose and the trisaccharide raffinose, which are not hydrolyzed in mammalian cells, increased the rate of vesicles accumulation and LC3-II level (a protein marker of autophagy). However, fructose and maltose did not show the same effects. The correlation between the two processes, vesicle accumulation and autophagy induction, was confirmed by treatment of cells with sucrose plus invertase, or maltose plus acarbose-the α-glucosidase inhibitor-and by sucrose deprivation. Results also showed that vesicle accumulation was not affected by autophagy inhibition. Therefore, the data suggest that sucrose-induced autophagy through accumulation of sucrose-containing vesicles is caused by the absence of hydrolysis enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Electrical, Engineering and Bioscience, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
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38
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Anderson EN, Corkins ME, Li JC, Singh K, Parsons S, Tucey TM, Sorkaç A, Huang H, Dimitriadi M, Sinclair DA, Hart AC. C. elegans lifespan extension by osmotic stress requires FUdR, base excision repair, FOXO, and sirtuins. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 154:30-42. [PMID: 26854551 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Moderate stress can increase lifespan by hormesis, a beneficial low-level induction of stress response pathways. 5'-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) is commonly used to sterilize Caenorhabditis elegans in aging experiments. However, FUdR alters lifespan in some genotypes and induces resistance to thermal and proteotoxic stress. We report that hypertonic stress in combination with FUdR treatment or inhibition of the FUdR target thymidylate synthase, TYMS-1, extends C. elegans lifespan by up to 30%. By contrast, in the absence of FUdR, hypertonic stress decreases lifespan. Adaptation to hypertonic stress requires diminished Notch signaling and loss of Notch co-ligands leads to lifespan extension only in combination with FUdR. Either FUdR treatment or TYMS-1 loss induced resistance to acute hypertonic stress, anoxia, and thermal stress. FUdR treatment increased expression of DAF-16 FOXO and the osmolyte biosynthesis enzyme GPDH-1. FUdR-induced hypertonic stress resistance was partially dependent on sirtuins and base excision repair (BER) pathways, while FUdR-induced lifespan extension under hypertonic stress conditions requires DAF-16, BER, and sirtuin function. Combined, these results demonstrate that FUdR, through inhibition of TYMS-1, activates stress response pathways in somatic tissues to confer hormetic resistance to acute and chronic stress. C. elegans lifespan studies using FUdR may need re-interpretation in light of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward N Anderson
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Mark E Corkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jia-Cheng Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Komudi Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Sadé Parsons
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Tim M Tucey
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Altar Sorkaç
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Huiyan Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Maria Dimitriadi
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Glenn Labs for Aging Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Anne C Hart
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Kheddo P, Golovanov AP, Mellody KT, Uddin S, van der Walle CF, Dearman RJ. The effects of arginine glutamate, a promising excipient for protein formulation, on cell viability: Comparisons with NaCl. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 33:88-98. [PMID: 26873863 PMCID: PMC4837223 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of an equimolar mixture of l-arginine and l-glutamate (Arg·Glu) on cell viability and cellular stress using in vitro cell culture systems are examined with reference to NaCl, in the context of monoclonal antibody formulation. Cells relevant to subcutaneous administration were selected: the human monocyte cell line THP-1, grown as a single cell suspension, and adherent human primary fibroblasts. For THP-1 cells, the mechanism of cell death caused by relatively high salt concentrations was investigated and effects on cell activation/stress assessed as a function of changes in membrane marker and cytokine (interleukin-8) expression. These studies demonstrated that Arg·Glu does not have any further detrimental effects on THP-1 viability in comparison to NaCl at equivalent osmolalities, and that both salts at higher concentrations cause cell death by apoptosis; there was no significant effect on measures of THP-1 cellular stress/activation. For adherent fibroblasts, both salts caused significant toxicity at ~400 mOsm/kg, although Arg·Glu caused a more precipitous subsequent decline in viability than did NaCl. These data indicate that Arg·Glu is of equivalent toxicity to NaCl and that the mechanism of toxicity is such that cell death is unlikely to trigger inflammation upon subcutaneous injection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Kheddo
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alexander P Golovanov
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kieran T Mellody
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Shahid Uddin
- MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Rebecca J Dearman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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40
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Hahr JY. Physiology of the Alzheimer’s disease. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:944-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ionic imbalance, in addition to molecular crowding, abates cytoskeletal dynamics and vesicle motility during hypertonic stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3104-13. [PMID: 26045497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421290112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell volume homeostasis is vital for the maintenance of optimal protein density and cellular function. Numerous mammalian cell types are routinely exposed to acute hypertonic challenge and shrink. Molecular crowding modifies biochemical reaction rates and decreases macromolecule diffusion. Cell volume is restored rapidly by ion influx but at the expense of elevated intracellular sodium and chloride levels that persist long after challenge. Although recent studies have highlighted the role of molecular crowding on the effects of hypertonicity, the effects of ionic imbalance on cellular trafficking dynamics in living cells are largely unexplored. By tracking distinct fluorescently labeled endosome/vesicle populations by live-cell imaging, we show that vesicle motility is reduced dramatically in a variety of cell types at the onset of hypertonic challenge. Live-cell imaging of actin and tubulin revealed similar arrested microfilament motility upon challenge. Vesicle motility recovered long after cell volume, a process that required functional regulatory volume increase and was accelerated by a return of extracellular osmolality to isosmotic levels. This delay suggests that, although volume-induced molecular crowding contributes to trafficking defects, it alone cannot explain the observed effects. Using fluorescent indicators and FRET-based probes, we found that intracellular ATP abundance and mitochondrial potential were reduced by hypertonicity and recovered after longer periods of time. Similar to the effects of osmotic challenge, isovolumetric elevation of intracellular chloride concentration by ionophores transiently decreased ATP production by mitochondria and abated microfilament and vesicle motility. These data illustrate how perturbed ionic balance, in addition to molecular crowding, affects membrane trafficking.
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Ruan R, Zou L, Sun S, Liu J, Wen L, Gao D, Ding W. Cell blebbing upon addition of cryoprotectants: a self-protection mechanism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125746. [PMID: 25875076 PMCID: PMC4395349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the mechanism of cell bleb formation upon the addition of cryoprotectants (CPAs) was investigated, and the role of cell blebs in protecting cells was determined. The results show that after adding CPAs, the hyperosmotic stress results in the breakage of the cortical cytoskeleton and the detachment of the cell membrane from the cortical cytoskeleton, causing the formation of cell blebs. Multiple blebs decrease the intracellular hydrostatic pressure induced by the extracellular hyperosmotic shock and alleviate the osmotic damage to cells, which reduces the cell mortality rate. In the presence of a low concentration of CPAs, cell blebs can effectively protect cells. In contrast, in the presence of a high concentration of CPAs, the protective effect is limited because of severe disruption in the cortical cytoskeleton. To determine the relationship between blebs and the mortality rate of cells, we defined a bleb index and found that the bleb index of 0.065 can be regarded as a reference value for the safe addition of DMSO to HeLa cells. The bleb index can also explain why the stepwise addition of CPAs is better than the single-step addition of CPAs. Moreover, the mechanism of the autophagy of cells induced by the hyperosmotic stress was studied, and the protective effect associated with the autophagy was compared with the effect of the blebbing. The findings reported here elucidate a self-protection mechanism of cells experiencing the hyperosmotic stress in the presence of CPAs, and they provide significant evidence for cell tolerance in the field of cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renquan Ruan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Lili Zou
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Sijie Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States of America
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Longping Wen
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Dayong Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States of America
| | - Weiping Ding
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- * E-mail:
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Friedman LG, Qureshi YH, Yu WH. Promoting autophagic clearance: viable therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease. Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12:94-108. [PMID: 25421002 PMCID: PMC4322072 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-014-0320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the aberrant accumulation of aggregate-prone proteins. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the buildup of β-amyloid peptides and tau, which aggregate into extracellular plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. Multiple studies have linked dysfunctional intracellular degradation mechanisms with AD pathogenesis. One such pathway is the autophagy-lysosomal system, which involves the delivery of large protein aggregates/inclusions and organelles to lysosomes through the formation, trafficking, and degradation of double-membrane structures known as autophagosomes. Converging data suggest that promoting autophagic degradation, either by inducing autophagosome formation or enhancing lysosomal digestion, provides viable therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss compounds that can augment autophagic clearance and may ameliorate disease-related pathology in cell and mouse models of AD. Canonical autophagy induction is associated with multiple signaling cascades; on the one hand, the best characterized is mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Accordingly, multiple mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent drugs that stimulate autophagy have been tested in preclinical models. On the other hand, there is a growing list of drugs that can enhance the later stages of autophagic flux by stabilizing microtubule-mediated trafficking, promoting lysosomal fusion, or bolstering lysosomal enzyme function. Although altering the different stages of autophagy provides many potential targets for AD therapeutic interventions, it is important to consider how autophagy drugs might also disturb the delicate balance between autophagosome formation and lysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Friedman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Columbia University, 630 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Yasir H. Qureshi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Columbia University, 630 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Wai Haung Yu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Columbia University, 630 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032 USA
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Crambert G, Ernandez T, Lamouroux C, Roth I, Dizin E, Martin PY, Féraille E, Hasler U. Epithelial sodium channel abundance is decreased by an unfolded protein response induced by hyperosmolality. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/11/e12169. [PMID: 25413317 PMCID: PMC4255800 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Large shifts of osmolality occur in the kidney medulla as part of the urine concentrating mechanism. Hyperosmotic stress profoundly challenges cellular homeostasis and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we examined the unfolded protein response (UPR) in hyperosmotically-challenged principal cells of the kidney collecting duct (CD) and show its relevance in controlling epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) abundance, responsible for the final adjustment of Na(+) excretion. Dehydration increases medullary but not cortical osmolality. Q-PCR analysis of microdissected CD of water-deprived mice revealed increased aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression in outer medullary and cortical CD while ENaC abundance decreased in outer medullary but not cortical CD. Immunoblotting, Q-PCR and immunofluorescence revealed that hyperosmolality induced a transient ER stress-like response both ex vivo and in cultured CD principal cells and increased activity of the canonical UPR mediators PERK and ATF6. Both hyperosmolality and chemical induction of ER stress decreased ENaC expression in vitro. ENaC depletion by either stimulus was abolished by transcriptional inhibition and by the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid and was partly abrogated by either PERK or ATF6 silencing. Our data suggest that induction of the UPR by hyperosmolality may help preserve body fluid homeostasis under conditions of dehydration by uncoupling AQP2 and ENaC abundance in outer medullary CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Crambert
- UPMC/INSERM/Paris Descartes U1138 CNRS ERL 8228, Equipe 3 Métabolisme et Physiologie Rénale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Ernandez
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism and Service of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Lamouroux
- UPMC/INSERM/Paris Descartes U1138 CNRS ERL 8228, Equipe 3 Métabolisme et Physiologie Rénale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Roth
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism and Service of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eva Dizin
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism and Service of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Martin
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism and Service of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Féraille
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism and Service of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Udo Hasler
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism and Service of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Zhang T, Baldie G, Periz G, Wang J. RNA-processing protein TDP-43 regulates FOXO-dependent protein quality control in stress response. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004693. [PMID: 25329970 PMCID: PMC4199500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is critical for cell survival and functions during stress and is regulated at both RNA and protein levels. However, how the cell integrates RNA-processing programs with post-translational protein quality control systems is unknown. Transactive response DNA-binding protein (TARDBP/TDP-43) is an RNA-processing protein that is involved in the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we report a conserved role for TDP-43, from C. elegans to mammals, in the regulation of protein clearance via activation of FOXO transcription factors. In response to proteotoxic insults, TDP-43 redistributes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, promoting nuclear translocation of FOXOs and relieving an inhibition of FOXO activity in the nucleus. The interaction between TDP-43 and the FOXO pathway in mammalian cells is mediated by their competitive binding to 14-3-3 proteins. Consistent with FOXO-dependent protein quality control, TDP-43 regulates the levels of misfolded proteins. Therefore, TDP-43 mediates stress responses and couples the regulation of RNA metabolism and protein quality control in a FOXO-dependent manner. The results suggest that compromising the function of TDP-43 in regulating protein homeostasis may contribute to the pathogenesis of related neurodegenerative diseases. TDP-43 is linked to pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). How TDP-43 contributes to the development of these degenerative diseases remains unsolved, and the full range of TDP-43 functions has yet to be established. In the present study, we explored a conversed function of TDP-43 in regulating protein homeostasis from C. elegans to mammals. Under conditions of stress, TDP-43 translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, competes with FOXO transcription factors for binding to 14-3-3 proteins, and releases FOXO for nuclear translocation and activation. These data are consistent with the ability of TDP-43 to regulate protein aggregation. Together the results provide important insight into the role of TDP-43 in stress responses and disease mechanisms. Since chronic stress is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, the TDP-43 switch could be kept in overdrive mode in these disorders, with its capacity to buffer further stress and maintain protein homeostasis being compromised. This mechanism also suggests that other RNA-processing proteins that exhibit similar stress-induced behavior may be coupled to other cellular pathways to provide coordinated reprogramming in stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gerard Baldie
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Goran Periz
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiou Wang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nasseri SS, Ghaffari N, Braasch K, Jardon MA, Butler M, Kennard M, Gopaluni B, Piret JM. Increased CHO cell fed-batch monoclonal antibody production using the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or gradually increasing osmolality. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hyperosmotic stress reduces melanin production by altering melanosome formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105965. [PMID: 25170965 PMCID: PMC4149489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many tissues of the human body encounter hyperosmotic stress. The effect of extracellular osmotic changes on melanin production has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we determined that hyperosmotic stress induced by organic osmolytes results in reduced melanin production in human melanoma MNT-1 cells. Under hyperosmotic stress, few pigmented mature melanosomes were detected, but there was an increase in swollen vacuoles. These vacuoles were stained with an anti-M6PR antibody that recognizes late endosomal components and with anti-TA99 and anti-HMB45 antibodies, implying that melanosome formation was affected by hyperosmotic stress. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that the M6PR-positive swollen vacuoles were multi-layered and contained melanized granules, and they produced melanin when L-DOPA was applied, indicating that these vacuoles were still capable of producing melanin, but the inner conditions were not compatible with melanin production. The vacuolation phenomenon induced by hyperosmotic conditions disappeared with treatment with the PI3K activator 740 Y-P, indicating that the PI3K pathway is affected by hyperosmotic conditions and is responsible for the proper formation and maturation of melanosomes. The microarray analysis showed alterations of the vesicle organization and transport under hyperosmotic stress. Our findings suggest that melanogenesis could be regulated by physiological conditions, such as osmotic pressure.
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Calderilla-Barbosa L, Seibenhener ML, Du Y, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J, Yan J, Wooten MW, Wooten MC. Interaction of SQSTM1 with the motor protein dynein--SQSTM1 is required for normal dynein function and trafficking. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4052-63. [PMID: 25015291 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.152363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynein motor protein complex is required for retrograde transport of vesicular cargo and for transport of aggregated proteins along microtubules for processing and degradation at perinuclear aggresomes. Disruption of this process leads to dysfunctional endosome accumulation and increased protein aggregation in the cell cytoplasm, both pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the exact mechanism of dynein functionality in these pathways is still being elucidated. Here, we show that the scaffolding protein SQSTM1 directly interacts with dynein through a previously unidentified dynein-binding site. This interaction is independent of HDAC6, a known interacting protein of both SQSTM1 and dynein. However, knockdown of HDAC6 increases the interaction of SQSTM1 with dynein, indicating a possible competitive interaction. Using different dynein cargoes, we show that SQSTM1 is required for proper dynein motility and trafficking along microtubules. Based on our results, we propose a new model of competitive interaction between SQSTM1 and HDAC6 with dynein. In this model, SQSTM1 would not only affect the association of polyubiquitylated protein aggregates and endosomes with dynein, but would also be required for normal dynein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Calderilla-Barbosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - M Lamar Seibenhener
- Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Maria-Theresa Diaz-Meco
- 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jin Yan
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Marie W Wooten
- Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Michael C Wooten
- Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Mackeh R, Lorin S, Ratier A, Mejdoubi-Charef N, Baillet A, Bruneel A, Hamaï A, Codogno P, Poüs C, Perdiz D. Reactive oxygen species, AMP-activated protein kinase, and the transcription cofactor p300 regulate α-tubulin acetyltransferase-1 (αTAT-1/MEC-17)-dependent microtubule hyperacetylation during cell stress. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11816-11828. [PMID: 24619423 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.507400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond its presence in stable microtubules, tubulin acetylation can be boosted after UV exposure or after nutrient deprivation, but the mechanisms of microtubule hyperacetylation are still unknown. In this study, we show that this hyperacetylation is a common response to several cellular stresses that involves the stimulation of the major tubulin acetyltransferase MEC-17. We also demonstrate that the acetyltransferase p300 negatively regulates MEC-17 expression and is sequestered on microtubules upon stress. We further show that reactive oxygen species of mitochondrial origin are required for microtubule hyperacetylation by activating the AMP kinase, which in turn mediates MEC-17 phosphorylation upon stress. Finally, we show that preventing microtubule hyperacetylation by knocking down MEC-17 affects cell survival under stress conditions and starvation-induced autophagy, thereby pointing out the importance of this rapid modification as a broad cell response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafah Mackeh
- Université Paris Sud, EA4530, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Séverine Lorin
- Université Paris Sud, EA4530, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ameetha Ratier
- Université Paris Sud, EA4530, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Anita Baillet
- Université Paris Sud, EA4530, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Arnaud Bruneel
- Université Paris Sud, EA4530, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Biochimie Métabolique et Cellulaire, Hôpital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Hamaï
- INSERM U845, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- INSERM U845, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christian Poüs
- Université Paris Sud, EA4530, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Biochimie-Hormonologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 92141 Clamart, France.
| | - Daniel Perdiz
- Université Paris Sud, EA4530, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Chang MA, Morgado M, Warren CR, Hinton CV, Farach-Carson MC, Delk NA. p62/SQSTM1 is required for cell survival of apoptosis-resistant bone metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. Prostate 2014; 74:149-63. [PMID: 24122957 PMCID: PMC3877418 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) paracrine factor(s) can induce apoptosis in bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. However, the PCa cells that escape BMSC-induced apoptosis can upregulate cytoprotective autophagy. METHODS C4-2, C4-2B, MDA PCa 2a, MDA PCa 2b, VCaP, PC3, or DU145 PCa cell lines were grown in BMSC conditioned medium and analyzed for mRNA and/or protein accumulation of p62 (also known as sequestome-1/SQSTM1), Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), or lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), Western blot, or immunofluorescence. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to determine if p62 is necessary PCa cell survival. RESULTS BMSC paracrine signaling upregulated p62 mRNA and protein in a subset of the PCa cell lines. The PCa cell lines that were insensitive to BMSC-induced apoptosis and autophagy induction had elevated basal p62 mRNA and protein. In the BMSC-insensitive PCa cell lines, siRNA knockdown of p62 was cytotoxic and immunostaining showed peri-nuclear clustering of autolysosomes. However, in the BMSC-sensitive PCa cell lines, p62 siRNA knockdown was not appreciably cytotoxic and did not affect autolysosome subcellular localization. CONCLUSIONS A pattern emerges wherein the BMSC-sensitive PCa cell lines are known to be osteoblastic and express the androgen receptor, while the BMSC-insensitive PCa cell lines are characteristically osteolytic and do not express the androgen receptor. Furthermore, BMSC-insensitive PCa may have evolved a dependency on p62 for cell survival that could be exploited to target and kill these apoptosis-resistant PCa cells in the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main, MS 601, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Micaela Morgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main, MS 601, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Curtis R. Warren
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main, MS 601, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Cimona V. Hinton
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive S.W., P.O. Box 1872, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, United States of America
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main, MS 601, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Nikki A. Delk
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main, MS 601, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
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