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Langerscheidt F, Wied T, Al Kabbani MA, van Eimeren T, Wunderlich G, Zempel H. Genetic forms of tauopathies: inherited causes and implications of Alzheimer's disease-like TAU pathology in primary and secondary tauopathies. J Neurol 2024; 271:2992-3018. [PMID: 38554150 PMCID: PMC11136742 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurologic diseases characterized by pathological axodendritic distribution, ectopic expression, and/or phosphorylation and aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein TAU, encoded by the gene MAPT. Neuronal dysfunction, dementia, and neurodegeneration are common features of these often detrimental diseases. A neurodegenerative disease is considered a primary tauopathy when MAPT mutations/haplotypes are its primary cause and/or TAU is the main pathological feature. In case TAU pathology is observed but superimposed by another pathological hallmark, the condition is classified as a secondary tauopathy. In some tauopathies (e.g. MAPT-associated frontotemporal dementia (FTD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD)) TAU is recognized as a significant pathogenic driver of the disease. In many secondary tauopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), TAU is suggested to contribute to the development of dementia, but in others (e.g. Niemann-Pick disease (NPC)) TAU may only be a bystander. The genetic and pathological mechanisms underlying TAU pathology are often not fully understood. In this review, the genetic predispositions and variants associated with both primary and secondary tauopathies are examined in detail, assessing evidence for the role of TAU in these conditions. We highlight less common genetic forms of tauopathies to increase awareness for these disorders and the involvement of TAU in their pathology. This approach not only contributes to a deeper understanding of these conditions but may also lay the groundwork for potential TAU-based therapeutic interventions for various tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Langerscheidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Wied
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Mohamed Aghyad Al Kabbani
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gilbert Wunderlich
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Zempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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Piovesana E, Magrin C, Ciccaldo M, Sola M, Bellotto M, Molinari M, Papin S, Paganetti P. Tau accumulation in degradative organelles is associated to lysosomal stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18024. [PMID: 37865674 PMCID: PMC10590387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44979-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the brain deposition of insoluble amyloidogenic proteins, such as α-synuclein or Tau, and the concomitant deterioration of cell functions such as the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). The ALP is involved in the degradation of intracellular macromolecules including protein aggregates. ALP dysfunction due to inherited defects in lysosomal or non-lysosomal proteins causes a group of diseases called lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) because of abnormal accumulation of lysosomal degradation substrates. Supporting the contribution of ALP defects in neurodegenerative diseases, deposition of amyloidogenic proteins occurs in LSD. Moreover, heterozygous mutations of several ALP genes represent risk factors for Parkinson's disease. The reciprocal contribution of α-synuclein accumulation and lysosomal dysfunction have been extensively studied. However, whether this adverse crosstalk also embraces Tau pathology needs more investigation. Here, we show in human primary fibroblasts that Tau seeds isolated from the brain of Alzheimer's disease induce Tau accumulation in acidic degradative organelles and lysosomal stress. Furthermore, inhibition of glucocerebrosidase, a lysosomal enzyme mutated in Gaucher's disease and a main risk for Parkinson's disease, causes lysosomal dysfunction in primary fibroblasts and contributes to the accumulation of Tau. Considering the presence of Tau lesions in Parkinson's disease as well as in multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, our data call for further studies on strategies to alleviate ALP dysfunction as new therapeutic opportunity for neurodegenerative diseases and LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Piovesana
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- PhD Program in Neurosciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Magrin
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- PhD Program in Neurosciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Ciccaldo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martina Sola
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- PhD Program in Neurosciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Maurizio Molinari
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Papin
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Paganetti
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- PhD Program in Neurosciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
- Neurocentro della Svizzera Italiana, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.
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Hwang K, Vaknalli RN, Addo-Osafo K, Vicente M, Vossel K. Tauopathy and Epilepsy Comorbidities and Underlying Mechanisms. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:903973. [PMID: 35923547 PMCID: PMC9340804 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.903973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein known to bind and promote assembly of microtubules in neurons under physiological conditions. However, under pathological conditions, aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau causes neuronal toxicity, neurodegeneration, and resulting tauopathies like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinically, patients with tauopathies present with either dementia, movement disorders, or a combination of both. The deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain is also associated with epilepsy and network hyperexcitability in a variety of neurological diseases. Furthermore, pharmacological and genetic targeting of tau-based mechanisms can have anti-seizure effects. Suppressing tau phosphorylation decreases seizure activity in acquired epilepsy models while reducing or ablating tau attenuates network hyperexcitability in both Alzheimer's and epilepsy models. However, it remains unclear whether tauopathy and epilepsy comorbidities are mediated by convergent mechanisms occurring upstream of epileptogenesis and tau aggregation, by feedforward mechanisms between the two, or simply by coincident processes. In this review, we investigate the relationship between tauopathies and seizure disorders, including temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Dravet syndrome, Nodding syndrome, Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC), Lafora disease, focal cortical dysplasia, and tuberous sclerosis complex. We also explore potential mechanisms implicating the role of tau kinases and phosphatases as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the promotion of co-pathology. Understanding the role of these co-pathologies could lead to new insights and therapies targeting both epileptogenic mechanisms and cognitive decline.
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Root J, Merino P, Nuckols A, Johnson M, Kukar T. Lysosome dysfunction as a cause of neurodegenerative diseases: Lessons from frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 154:105360. [PMID: 33812000 PMCID: PMC8113138 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that are thought to exist on a clinical and pathological spectrum. FTD and ALS are linked by shared genetic causes (e.g. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions) and neuropathology, such as inclusions of ubiquitinated, misfolded proteins (e.g. TAR DNA-binding protein 43; TDP-43) in the CNS. Furthermore, some genes that cause FTD or ALS when mutated encode proteins that localize to the lysosome or modulate endosome-lysosome function, including lysosomal fusion, cargo trafficking, lysosomal acidification, autophagy, or TFEB activity. In this review, we summarize evidence that lysosomal dysfunction, caused by genetic mutations (e.g. C9orf72, GRN, MAPT, TMEM106B) or toxic-gain of function (e.g. aggregation of TDP-43 or tau), is an important pathogenic disease mechanism in FTD and ALS. Further studies into the normal function of many of these proteins are required and will help uncover the mechanisms that cause lysosomal dysfunction in FTD and ALS. Mutations or polymorphisms in genes that encode proteins important for endosome-lysosome function also occur in other age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's (e.g. APOE, PSEN1, APP) and Parkinson's (e.g. GBA, LRRK2, ATP13A2) disease. A more complete understanding of the common and unique features of lysosome dysfunction across the spectrum of neurodegeneration will help guide the development of therapies for these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Root
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Paola Merino
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Austin Nuckols
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Michelle Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Thomas Kukar
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Department of Neurology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia.
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Wei J, Takamatsu Y, Wada R, Fujita M, Ho G, Masliah E, Hashimoto M. Therapeutic Potential of αS Evolvability for Neuropathic Gaucher Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020289. [PMID: 33672048 PMCID: PMC7919466 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), the most common lysosomal storage disorder (LSD), is caused by autosomal recessive mutations of the glucocerebrosidase gene, GBA1. In the majority of cases, GD has a non-neuropathic chronic form with adult onset (GD1), while other cases are more acute and severer neuropathic forms with early onset (GD2/3). Currently, no radical therapies are established for GD2/3. Notably, GD1, but not GD2/3, is associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), the elucidation of which might provide a clue for novel therapeutic strategies. In this context, the objective of the present study is to discuss that the evolvability of α-synuclein (αS) might be differentially involved in GD subtypes. Hypothetically, aging-associated PD features with accumulation of αS, and the autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction might be an antagonistic pleiotropy phenomenon derived from αS evolvability in the development in GD1, without which neuropathies like GD2/3 might be manifested due to the autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction. Supposing that the increased severity of GD2/3 might be attributed to the decreased activity of αS evolvability, suppressing the expression of β-synuclein (βS), a potential buffer against αS evolvability, might be therapeutically efficient. Of interest, a similar view might be applicable to Niemann-Pick type C (NPC), another LSD, given that the adult type of NPC, which is comorbid with Alzheimer's disease, exhibits milder medical symptoms compared with those of infantile NPC. Thus, it is predicted that the evolvability of amyloid β and tau, might be beneficial for the adult type of NPC. Collectively, a better understanding of amyloidogenic evolvability in the pathogenesis of LSD may inform rational therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshe Wei
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan; (J.W.); (Y.T.); (R.W.); (M.F.)
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yoshiki Takamatsu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan; (J.W.); (Y.T.); (R.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Ryoko Wada
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan; (J.W.); (Y.T.); (R.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Masayo Fujita
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan; (J.W.); (Y.T.); (R.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA 92064, USA;
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan; (J.W.); (Y.T.); (R.W.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-6834-2354; Fax: +81-3-5316-3150
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6
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Hetmańczyk-Sawicka K, Iwanicka-Nowicka R, Fogtman A, Cieśla J, Włodarski P, Żyżyńska-Granica B, Filocamo M, Dardis A, Peruzzo P, Bednarska-Makaruk M, Koblowska M, Ługowska A. Changes in global gene expression indicate disordered autophagy, apoptosis and inflammatory processes and downregulation of cytoskeletal signalling and neuronal development in patients with Niemann-Pick C disease. Neurogenetics 2020; 21:105-119. [PMID: 31927669 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in gene expression profiles were investigated in 23 patients with Niemann-Pick C1 disease (NPC). cDNA expression microarrays with subsequent validation by qRT-PCR were used. Comparison of NPC to control samples revealed upregulation of genes involved in inflammation (MMP3, THBS4), cytokine signalling (MMP3), extracellular matrix degradation (MMP3, CTSK), autophagy and apoptosis (CTSK, GPNMB, PTGIS), immune response (AKR1C3, RCAN2, PTGIS) and processes of neuronal development (RCAN2). Downregulated genes were associated with cytoskeletal signalling (ACTG2, CNN1); inflammation and oxidative stress (CNN1); inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and differentiation; ERK-MAPK pathway (COL4A1, COL4A2, CPA4); cell adhesion (IGFBP7); autophagy and apoptosis (CDH2, IGFBP7, COL4A2); neuronal function and development (CSRP1); and extracellular matrix stability (PLOD2). When comparing NPC and Gaucher patients together versus controls, upregulation of SERPINB2 and IL13RA2 and downregulation of CSRP1 and CNN1 were characteristic. Notably, in NPC patients, the expression of PTGIS is upregulated while the expression of PLOD2 is downregulated when compared to Gaucher patients or controls and potentially could serve to differentiate these patients. Interestingly, in NPC patients with (i) jaundice, splenomegaly and cognitive impairment/psychomotor delay-the expression of ACTG2 was especially downregulated; (ii) ataxia-the expression of ACTG2 and IGFBP5 was especially downregulated; and (iii) VSGP, dysarthria, dysphagia and epilepsy-the expression of AKR1C3 was especially upregulated while the expression of ACTG2 was downregulated. These results indicate disordered apoptosis, autophagy and cytoskeleton remodelling as well as upregulation of immune response and inflammation to play an important role in the pathogenesis of NPC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka
- Laboratory of Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Laboratory of Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Cieśla
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Włodarski
- Center for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Żyżyńska-Granica
- Department of Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine with the English Division and the Physiotherapy Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare e Biobanche, Istituto G. Gaslini, L.go G. Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Peruzzo
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Marta Koblowska
- Laboratory of Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ługowska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Al. Sobieskiego 9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.
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Gurda BL, Bagel JH, Fisher SJ, Schultz ML, Lieberman AP, Hand P, Vite CH, Swain GP. LC3 Immunostaining in the Inferior Olivary Nuclei of Cats With Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 Is Associated With Patterned Purkinje Cell Loss. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:229-245. [PMID: 29346563 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The feline model of Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) recapitulates the clinical, neuropathological, and biochemical abnormalities present in children with NPC1. The hallmarks of disease are the lysosomal storage of unesterified cholesterol and multiple sphingolipids in neurons, and the spatial and temporal distribution of Purkinje cell death. In feline NPC1 brain, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) accumulations, indicating autophagosomes, were found within axons and presynaptic terminals. High densities of accumulated LC3 were seen in subdivisions of the inferior olive, which project to cerebellar regions that show the most Purkinje cell loss, suggesting that autophagic abnormalities in specific climbing fibers may contribute to the spatial pattern of Purkinje cell loss seen. Biweekly intrathecal administration of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta cyclodextrin (HPβCD) ameliorated neurological dysfunction, reduced cholesterol and sphingolipid accumulation, and increased lifespan in NPC1 cats. LC3 pathology was reduced in treated animals suggesting that HPβCD administration also ameliorates autophagic abnormalities. This study is the first to (i) identify specific brain regions exhibiting autophagic abnormalities in any species with NPC1, (ii) provide evidence of differential vulnerability among discrete brain nuclei and pathways, and (iii) show the amelioration of these abnormalities in NPC1 cats treated with HPβCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Gurda
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica H Bagel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samantha J Fisher
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark L Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter Hand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles H Vite
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary P Swain
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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8
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Piroth T, Boelmans K, Amtage F, Rijntjes M, Wierciochin A, Musacchio T, Weiller C, Volkmann J, Klebe S. Adult-Onset Niemann-Pick Disease Type C: Rapid Treatment Initiation Advised but Early Diagnosis Remains Difficult. Front Neurol 2017; 8:108. [PMID: 28421028 PMCID: PMC5378773 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NP-C) presents with heterogeneous neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Adult onset is rare and possibly underdiagnosed due to frequent lack of specific and obvious key symptoms. For both early and adolescent/adult onset, the available data from studies and case reports describe a positive effect of Miglustat (symptom relief or stabilization). However, due to the low frequency of NP-C, experience with this therapy is still limited. We describe two adult-onset cases of NP-C. In both cases, vertical supranuclear gaze palsy was not recognized at symptom onset. Correct diagnosis was delayed from onset of symptoms by more than 10 years. The video demonstrates the broad spectrum of symptoms in later stages of the disease. Compared with published data, the treatment outcome observed in our cases after delayed initiation of Miglustat therapy was disappointing, with continuing disease progression in both cases. Thus, early treatment initiation could be necessary to achieve a good symptomatic effect. Hence, early biochemical testing for NP-C should be considered in patients suffering from atypical neurological/neuropsychological and psychiatric symptoms, even in cases of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Piroth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kai Boelmans
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Amtage
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Michel Rijntjes
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Anna Wierciochin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Musacchio
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Weiller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Klebe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Yoon SY, Kim DH. Alzheimer's disease genes and autophagy. Brain Res 2016; 1649:201-209. [PMID: 27016058 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process to degrade and recycle cellular constituents via the lysosome for regulating cellular homeostasis. Its dysfunction is now considered to be involved in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Many features reflecting autophagy impairment, such as autophagosome accumulation and lysosomal dysfunction, have been also revealed to be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent genetic studies such as genome-wide association studies in AD have identified a number of novel genes associated with AD. Some of the identified genes have demonstrated dysfunction in autophagic processes in AD, while others remain under investigation. Since autophagy is strongly regarded to be one of the major pathogenic mechanisms of AD, it is necessary to review how the AD-associated genes are related to autophagy. We anticipate our current review to be a starting point for future studies regarding AD-associated genes and autophagy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:Autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yong Yoon
- Alzheimer's Disease Experts Lab (ADEL), Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Bio-Medical Institute of Technology (BMIT), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cell Dysfunction Research Center (CDRC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Hou Kim
- Alzheimer's Disease Experts Lab (ADEL), Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Bio-Medical Institute of Technology (BMIT), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cell Dysfunction Research Center (CDRC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Abstract
Epidemiologic and experimental data suggest the involvement of cholesterol metabolism in the development and progression of Alzheimer disease and Niemann-Pick type C disease, but not of frontotemporal dementias. In these 3 neurodegenerative diseases, however, protein tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles are observed. To elucidate the relationship between cholesterol and tau, we compared sterol levels of neurons burdened with neurofibrillary tangles with those of their unaffected neighbors using semiquantitative filipin fluorescence microscopy in mice expressing P301L mutant human tau (a well-described model of FTDP-17) and in P301L transgenic mice lacking apolipoprotein E (the major cholesterol transporter in the brain). Cellular unesterified cholesterol was higher in neurons affected by tau pathology irrespective of apolipoprotein E deficiency. This argues for an impact of tau pathology on cellular cholesterol homeostasis. We suggest that there is a bidirectional mode of action: Disturbances in cellular cholesterol metabolism may promote tau pathology, but tau pathology may also alter neuronal cholesterol homeostasis; once it is established, a vicious cycle may promote neurofibrillary tangle formation.
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Lonskaya I, Hebron M, Chen W, Schachter J, Moussa C. Tau deletion impairs intracellular β-amyloid-42 clearance and leads to more extracellular plaque deposition in gene transfer models. Mol Neurodegener 2014; 9:46. [PMID: 25384392 PMCID: PMC4247762 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-9-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tau is an axonal protein that binds to and regulates microtubule function. Hyper-phosphorylation of Tau reduces its binding to microtubules and it is associated with β-amyloid deposition in Alzheimer’s disease. Paradoxically, Tau reduction may prevent β-amyloid pathology, raising the possibility that Tau mediates intracellular Aβ clearance. The current studies investigated the role of Tau in autophagic and proteasomal intracellular Aβ1-42 clearance and the subsequent effect on plaque deposition. Results Tau deletion impaired Aβ clearance via autophagy, but not the proteasome, while introduction of wild type human Tau into Tau−/− mice partially restored autophagic clearance of Aβ1-42, suggesting that exogenous Tau expression can support autophagic Aβ1-42 clearance. Tau deletion impaired autophagic flux and resulted in Aβ1-42 accumulation in pre-lysosomal autophagic vacuoles, affecting Aβ1-42 deposition into the lysosome. This autophagic defect was associated with decreased intracellular Aβ1-42 and increased plaque load in Tau−/− mice, which displayed less cell death. Nilotinib, an Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor that promotes autophagic clearance mechanisms, reduced Aβ1-42 only when exogenous human Tau was expressed in Tau−/− mice. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that Tau deletion affects intracellular Aβ1-42 clearance, leading to extracellular plaque. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1750-1326-9-46) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Charbel Moussa
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir RD, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Abstract
Tau aggregates are present in several neurodegenerative diseases and correlate with the severity of memory deficit in AD (Alzheimer's disease). However, the triggers of tau aggregation and tau-induced neurodegeneration are still elusive. The impairment of protein-degradation systems might play a role in such processes, as these pathways normally keep tau levels at a low level which may prevent aggregation. Some proteases can process tau and thus contribute to tau aggregation by generating amyloidogenic fragments, but the complete clearance of tau mainly relies on the UPS (ubiquitin-proteasome system) and the ALS (autophagy-lysosome system). In the present paper, we focus on the regulation of the degradation of tau by the UPS and ALS and its relation to tau aggregation. We anticipate that stimulation of these two protein-degradation systems might be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD and other tauopathies.
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Abstract
Degradation in the lysosome/vacuole is not the final step of autophagy. In particular, for starvation-induced autophagy it is necessary to release the breakdown products back into the cytosol. However, some researchers ignore this last step and simply refer to the endpoint of autophagy as degradation, or perhaps even cargo delivery. In many cases this is not a serious issue; however, the analysis of autophagy's role in certain diseases makes clear that this can be a significant error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohta Shimada
- Department of Gene Therapy, Institute of DNA Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Horne G, Wilson FX. Therapeutic Applications of Iminosugars: Current Perspectives and Future Opportunities. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011; 50:135-76. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381290-2.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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