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Pervaiz R, Khan MA, Raza FA, Ahmad S, Zafar AU, Ahmed N, Akram M. Expression of a mosquito larvicidal gene in chloroplast and nuclear compartments of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:182-191. [PMID: 36368638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As a part of the search for environment-friendly biocontrol of mosquito-borne diseases, mosquito larvicidal potential of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan (Btj) Cry toxins is explored for toxins with increased toxicity. Safe delivery of the Cry toxins to mosquito larvae in aquatic habitats is a major concern. This is because in water bodies Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein formulations degrade by sunlight, can sink down and get adsorbed by the silt. So, because of its short persistence the toxin requires repeated applications at the given site. Therefore, an upcoming approach is incorporating the Bt toxins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) because it is a food of mosquito larvae in water and its molecular toolkit is well investigated for foreign gene expression. The present work aimed to compare the feasibility of C. reinhardtii chloroplast and nuclear compartments for stable expression of Cry11Ba toxin as this is the most toxic Btj protein to date, lethal to different mosquito species. With chloroplast expression of cry11Ba gene we were able to generate marker-free C. reinhardtii strain stably expressing Cry11Ba protein and demonstrating mortality against Aedes aegypti larvae. Moreover, for nuclear expression linking the cry11Ba gene to zeocin via foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A peptide resulted in the selection of transformants with increased cry11Ba mRNA expression levels by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Obtained results lay a foundation for the C. reinhardtii chloroplast expression system to be used for genetic engineering with Bt toxins which possess enhanced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabbia Pervaiz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector-1, Lahore 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Mohsin Ahmad Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector-1, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ahmed Raza
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Health (HRI-NIH), Research Centre, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector-1, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Usman Zafar
- Qarshi University, 8-Km Thokar Niaz Baig, Canal Bank Road, Opposite Izmir Town, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector-1, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Maham Akram
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector-1, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
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Shen S, Li W, Wang J. Inhibitory activity of Halobacillus trueperi S61 and its active extracts on potato dry rot. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3852-3867. [PMID: 35164641 PMCID: PMC8973691 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory activity of Halobacillus trueperi S61 and its active extract on potato dry rot pathogens and aimed at contributing to biocontrol agent development during potato storage. Three kinds of pathogens were isolated as target pathogenic fungi from dry rot tubers and determined as Fusarium acuminatum (Qing 9A-2), Fusarium equisetai (Qing 9A-5-8) and Fusarium tricinctum (Qing 9A-1-1) by morphological and molecular identification. The strain Halobacillus trueperi S61 and its extract exhibited a higher inhibitory rate on both three pathogens (56.32–65.75 and 1.67–51.11%), notably the best suppression efficiency is presented in Halobacillus trueperi S61 and 40 mg/mL ethyl acetate extract. In terms of in vivo effects, both Halobacillus trueperi S61 and its ethyl acetate extract effectively reduced the decayed fruit and weight loss rate (0–20% and 7.59–16.56%) and enhanced the defensive enzymatic activities to improve resistance. In addition, strain S61 could be colonized on potato tubers, especially the highest amount of 1.55 × 107 CFU/mL on fifth day for variety Xiazhai 65. Overall, Halobacillus trueperi S61 and its ethyl acetate extract could be considered as potential approach for biocontrol potato dry rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Shen
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016 China.,Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding in Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810016 China.,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016 China.,Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Xining, Qinghai 810016 China.,Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, Qinghai 810016 China
| | - Wei Li
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016 China.,Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding in Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810016 China.,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016 China.,Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Xining, Qinghai 810016 China.,Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, Qinghai 810016 China
| | - Jian Wang
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016 China.,Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding in Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810016 China.,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016 China.,Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Xining, Qinghai 810016 China.,Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, Qinghai 810016 China
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Kang S, Odom OW, Malone CL, Thangamani S, Herrin DL. Expression of a Synthetic Gene for the Major Cytotoxin (Cyt1Aa) of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the Chloroplast of Wild-Type Chlamydomonas. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7020029. [PMID: 29738473 PMCID: PMC6022862 DOI: 10.3390/biology7020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) strains that are toxic to mosquito larvae because they express chloroplast transgenes that are based on the mosquitocidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) could be very useful in mosquito control. Chlamydomonas has several advantages for this approach, including genetic controls not generally available with industrial algae. The Bti toxin is produced by sporulating bacteria and has been used for mosquito control for >30 years without creating highly resistant mosquito populations. The suite of toxins is four main proteins: three Cry proteins and the cytotoxic Cyt1Aa (27 kDa). Cyt1Aa is not very toxic to mosquitoes by itself, but it prevents the development of resistance. The production of Cyt1Aa in other microbes, however, has been challenging due to its affinity for certain membrane phospholipids. Here we report on the production of recombinant Cyt1Aa (rCyt1A) in the chloroplast of photosynthetic Chlamydomonas at levels of at least 0.3% total protein. Live cell bioassays demonstrated toxicity of the rCyt1Aa Chlamydomonas to larvae of Aedes aegypti. We also expressed the chloroplast cyt1Aa gene in a wild-type Chlamydomonas strain (21 gr) that can grow on nitrate. These results have implications for developing a Chlamydomonas strain that will be toxic to mosquito larvae but will not induce strongly resistant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Obed W Odom
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Candice L Malone
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Saravanan Thangamani
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - David L Herrin
- Pond Life Technologies LLC, Cedar Park, TX 78613, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Kang S, Odom OW, Thangamani S, Herrin DL. Toward mosquito control with a green alga: Expression of Cry toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2017; 29:1377-1389. [PMID: 28713202 PMCID: PMC5509220 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-1008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We are developing Chlamydomonas strains that can be used for safe and sustainable control of mosquitoes, because they produce proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) in the chloroplast. Chlamydomonas has a number of advantages for this approach, including genetic controls that are not generally available with industrial algae. The Bti toxin has been used for mosquito control for > 30 years and does not engender resistance; it contains three Cry proteins, Cry4Aa (135 kDa), Cry4Ba (128 kDa) and Cry11Aa (72 kDa), and Cyt1Aa (25 kDa). To express the Cry proteins in the chloroplast, the three genes were resynthesized and cry4Aa was truncated to the first 700 amino acids (cry4Aa700 ); also, since they can be toxic to host cells, the inducible Cyc6:Nac2-psbD expression system was used. Western blots of total protein from the chloroplast transformants showed accumulation of the intact polypeptides, and the relative expression level was Cry11Aa > Cry4Aa700 > Cry4Ba. Quantitative western blots with purified Cry11Aa as a standard showed that Cry11Aa accumulated to 0.35% of total cell protein. Live cell bioassays in dH20 demonstrated toxicity of the cry4Aa700 and cry11Aa transformants to larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. These results demonstrate that the Cry proteins that are most toxic to Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, Cry4Aa and Cry11Aa, can be successfully expressed in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjoon Kang
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Pond Life Technologies LLC, Cedar Park, TX 78613, USA
| | - Obed W. Odom
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Saravanan Thangamani
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - David L. Herrin
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Pond Life Technologies LLC, Cedar Park, TX 78613, USA
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Amadio AF, Navas LE, Sauka DH, Berretta MF, Benintende GB, Zandomeni RO. Identification, Cloning and Expression of an Insecticide cry8 Gene from Bacillusthuringiensis INTA Fr7-4. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 23:401-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000353206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Pardo AG. BT-engineered bugs versus insect pests. Bioeng Bugs 2010; 1:367-8. [PMID: 21326839 DOI: 10.4161/bbug.1.5.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro G Pardo
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), (B1876BXD) Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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