1
|
Górecka Ż, Choińska E, Heljak M, Święszkowski W. Long-Term In Vitro Assessment of Biodegradable Radiopaque Composites for Fiducial Marker Fabrication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214363. [PMID: 36430842 PMCID: PMC9697335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymer-based composite materials may be successfully utilised to fabricate fiducial markers (FMs), which are intended to precisely label tumour margins during image-guided surgery or radiotherapy. However, due to matrix degradability, the stability of the functional properties of FMs depends on the chosen polymer. Thus, this study aimed to investigate novel radiopaque composites which varied in the polymeric matrix-polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (P[LAcoCL]) with two molar ratios (70:30 and 85:15), and poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (with molar ratio 82:18). The radiopaque component of the materials was a mixture of barium sulphate and hydroxyapatite. The changes in water contact angle, stiffness, and radiopacity occurring during the 24-week-long degradation experiment were examined for the first time. This study comprehensively analyses the microstructural causes of composites behaviour within degradation experiments using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permitted chromatography (GPC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results suggest that the utilized biodegradable matrix plays an essential role in radiopaque composite properties and stability thereof. This long-term in vitro assessment enabled a comparison of the materials and aided in choosing the most favourable composite for FMs' fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Górecka
- Division of Materials Design, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 19 Poleczki Str., 02-882 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Choińska
- Division of Materials Design, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Heljak
- Division of Materials Design, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 19 Poleczki Str., 02-882 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kankilic B, Bayramli E, Korkusuz P, Eroglu H, Sener B, Mutlu P, Korkusuz F. Vancomycin Containing PDLLA and PLGA/β-TCP Inhibit Biofilm Formation but Do Not Stimulate Osteogenic Transformation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Surg 2022; 9:885241. [PMID: 35846965 PMCID: PMC9283789 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.885241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Chronic osteomyelitis, including implant-related prosthetic joint infection, is extremely difficult to cure. We develop vancomycin containing release systems from poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA) and poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) composites with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. We ask whether vancomycin containing PDLLA/β-TCP and PLGA/β-TCP composites will prevent early biofilm formation, allow cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, and stimulate osteogenic signaling molecules in the absence of an osteogenic medium. Methods Composites were produced and characterized with scanning electron microscopy. In vitro vancomycin release was assessed for 6 weeks. Biofilm prevention was calculated by crystal violet staining. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and osteosarcoma cell (SaOS-2) proliferation and differentiation were assessed with water soluble tetrazolium salt and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction defined osteogenic signaling molecules for hBM-MSCs. Results Totally, 3.1 ± 0.2 mg and 3.4 ± 0.4 mg vancomycin released from PDLLA/β-TCP and the PLGA/β-TCP composites, respectively, and inhibited early biofilm formation. hBM-MSCs and SaOS-2 cells proliferated on the composites and stimulated ALP activity of cells. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and SRY-Box transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) expressions were, however, lower with composites when compared with control. Conclusion Vancomycin containing PDLLA/β-TCP and PLGA/β-TCP composites inhibited early biofilm formation and proliferated and differentiated hBM-MSCs and SaOS-2 cells, but osteogenesis-related RUNX2 and SOX9 transcription factors were not strongly expressed in the absence of an osteogenic medium for 14 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berna Kankilic
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Correspondence: Berna Kankilic
| | - Erdal Bayramli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Eroglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcin Sener
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Mutlu
- Central Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology R&D, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feza Korkusuz
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Górecka Ż, Grzelecki D, Paskal W, Choińska E, Gilewicz J, Wrzesień R, Macherzyński W, Tracz M, Budzińska-Wrzesień E, Bedyńska M, Kopka M, Jackowska-Tracz A, Świątek-Najwer E, Włodarski PK, Jaworowski J, Święszkowski W. Biodegradable Fiducial Markers for Bimodal Near-Infrared Fluorescence- and X-ray-Based Imaging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:859-870. [PMID: 35020357 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate, for the first time, implantable, biodegradable fiducial markers (FMs), which were designed for bimodal, near-infrared fluorescence-based (NIRF) and X-ray-based imaging. The developed FMs had poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone)-based core-shell structures made of radiopaque (core) and fluorescent (shell) composites with a poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) matrix. The approved for human use contrast agents were utilized as fillers. Indocyanine green was applied to the shell material, whereas in the core materials, iohexol and barium sulfate were compared. Moreover, the possibility of tailoring the stability of the properties of the core materials by the addition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) was examined. The performed in situ (porcine tissue) and in vivo experiment (rat model) confirmed that the developed FMs possessed pronounced contrasting properties in NIRF and X-ray imaging. The presence of HAp improved the radiopacity of FMs at the initial state. It was also proved that, in iohexol-containing FMs, the presence of HAp slightly decreased the stability of contrasting properties, while in BaSO4-containing ones, changes were less pronounced. A comprehensive material analysis explaining the differences in the stability of the contrasting properties was also presented. The tissue response around the FMs with composite cores was comparable to that of the FMs with a pristine polymeric core. The developed composite FMs did not cause serious adverse effects on the surrounding tissues even when irradiated in vivo. The developed FMs ensured good visibility for NIRF image-supported tumor surgery and the following X-ray image-guided radiotherapy. Moreover, this study replenishes a scanty report regarding similar biodegradable composite materials with a high potential for application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Górecka
- Division of Materials Design, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzelecki
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Orthopedics and Rheumoorthopedics, Professor Adam Gruca Teaching Hospital, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 05-400 Otwock, Poland
| | - Wiktor Paskal
- Centre for Preclinical Research, The Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Choińska
- Division of Materials Design, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Gilewicz
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Wrzesień
- Central Laboratory of Experimental Animal, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Macherzyński
- Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Tracz
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maria Bedyńska
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kopka
- Centre for Preclinical Research, The Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jackowska-Tracz
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Świątek-Najwer
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K Włodarski
- Centre for Preclinical Research, The Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Jaworowski
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Division of Materials Design, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Radwan NH, Nasr M, Ishak RAH, Awad GAS. Moxifloxacin-loaded in situ synthesized Bioceramic/Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) composite scaffolds for treatment of osteomyelitis and orthopedic regeneration. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120662. [PMID: 33933641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
High local intraosseous levels of antimicrobial agents are required for adequate long-term treatment of chronic osteomyelitis (OM). In this study, biodegradable composite scaffolds of poly-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone/calcium phosphate (CaP) were in-situ synthesized using two different polymer grades and synthesis pathways and compared to composites prepared by pre-formed (commercially available) CaP for delivery of the antibiotic moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX). Phase identification and characterization by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the successful formation of different CaP phases within the biodegradable polymer matrix. The selected in-situ formed CaP scaffold showed a sustained release for MOX for six weeks and adequate porosity. Cell viability study on MG-63 osteoblast-like cells revealed that the selected composite scaffold maintained the cellular proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, it was able to diminish the bacterial load, inflammation and sequestrum formation in the bones of OM-induced animals. The results of the present work deduce that the selected in-situ formed CaP composite scaffold is a propitious candidate for OM treatment, and further clinical experiments are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha H Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania A H Ishak
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Gehanne A S Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vees T, Hofmann GO. Early periprosthetic infection: dilution, jet dilution or local antibiotics. Which way to go? A meta-analysis on 575 patients. GMS INTERDISCIPLINARY PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DGPW 2020; 9:Doc03. [PMID: 33214985 PMCID: PMC7656977 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Periprosthetic infections (PPI) after total hip and total knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA) are subdivided into early and late infections. Early PPIs are defined as the occurrence of infection within 6 weeks following the primary surgery. Aim of therapy in early PPI is the retention of the prosthesis using dilution, jet dilution or local antibiotics. However, as of yet, no evidence is available supporting these procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate their success rates. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of studies reporting on early PPI. Clinical trials published after 1990 that reported success or failure rates as the primary outcome were included. A meta-analysis using the Scheffé-Test showed if there are any advantages of single treatment concepts. Results: We identified 575 patients over 10 studies. Success rates were diverse: Undergoing dilution without jet lavage revealed treatment success in 49.48%, using jet dilution increased the success rate to 78.26%. Local antibiotics were successfully used in 55% of the cases. The meta-analysis compared the three interventions and showed no significant difference in using dilution, jet dilution or local antibiotics. Even combining local antibiotics and dilution/jet dilution does not provide significantly higher success rates. Conclusion: Previous studies showed differences in methods and results, however pooling the data of these studies for our meta-analysis didn’t show significant advantages. We therefore conclude that studies conducted until thus far cannot provide any recommendation as to whether using dilution, jet dilution, local antibiotics or any combination of three is better for treating early PPI cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Vees
- Clinic of Trauma, Hand und Reconstructive Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany.,Department for Septic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG-Kliniken Bergmannstrost, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gunther O Hofmann
- Clinic of Trauma, Hand und Reconstructive Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany.,Department for Septic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG-Kliniken Bergmannstrost, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jaworska J, Jelonek K, Kajzer W, Szewczenko J, Kaczmarczyk B, Marcinkowski A, Janeczek H, Pastusiak M, Basiaga M, Kasperczyk J. Comparison of biodegradable poly(glycolide-ɛ-caprolactone) and poly(glycolide-ɛ-caprolactone-d,l-lactide) coatings enriched with ciprofloxacin formed on Ti6Al4V alloy. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
7
|
Ang HY, Chan J, Toong D, Venkatraman SS, Chia SJ, Huang YY. Tailoring the mechanical and biodegradable properties of binary blends of biomedical thermoplastic elastomer. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 79:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Leonida MD, Kumar I. Nanomaterials, Scaffolds, and Skin Tissue Regeneration. SPRINGERBRIEFS IN BIOENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39168-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
9
|
Nithya R, Meenakshi Sundaram N. Biodegradation and cytotoxicity of ciprofloxacin-loaded hydroxyapatite-polycaprolactone nanocomposite film for sustainable bone implants. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10 Suppl 1:119-27. [PMID: 26491313 PMCID: PMC4599610 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent years there has been a steep increase in the number of orthopedic patients for many reasons. One major reason is osteomyelitis, caused by pyrogenic bacteria, with progressive infection of the bone or bone marrow and surrounding tissues. So antibiotics must be introduced during bone implantation to avoid prolonged infection. Aim The objective of the study reported here was to prepare a composite film of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) and polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer loaded with ciprofloxacin, a frequently used antibiotic agent for bone infections. Methods Nanocrystalline HAp was synthesized by precipitation method using the precursor obtained from eggshell. The nanocomposite film (HAp-PCL-ciprofloxacin) was prepared by solvent evaporation. Drug-release and biodegradation studies were undertaken by immersing the composite film in phosphate-buffered saline solution, while a cytotoxicity test was performed using the fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3 and osteoblast cell line MG-63. Results The pure PCL film had quite a low dissolution rate after an initial sharp weight loss, whereas the ciprofloxacin-loaded HAp-PCL nanocomposite film had a large weight loss due to its fast drug release. The composite film had higher water absorption than the pure PCL, and increasing the concentration of the HAp increased the water absorption. The in vitro cell-line study showed a good biocompatibility and bioactivity of the developed nanocomposite film. Conclusion The prepared film will act as a sustainable bone implant in addition to controlled drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Nithya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kankilic B, Bilgic E, Korkusuz P, Korkusuz F. Vancomycin containing PLLA/β-TCP controls experimental osteomyelitis in vivo. J Orthop Surg Res 2014; 9:114. [PMID: 25407446 PMCID: PMC4243329 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-014-0114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Implant-related osteomyelitis (IRO) is recently controlled with local antibiotic delivery systems to overcome conventional therapy disadvantages. In vivo evaluation of such systems is however too little. Questions/purposes We asked whether vancomycin (V)-containing poly-l-lactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate (PLLA/β-TCP) composites control experimental IRO and promote bone healing in vivo. Methods Fifty-six rats were distributed to five groups in this longitudinal controlled study. Experimental IRO was established at tibiae by injecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) suspensions with titanium particles in 32 rats. Vancomycin-free PLLA/β-TCP composites were implanted into the normal and infected tibiae, whereas V-PLLA/β-TCP composites and coated (C)-V-PLLA/β-TCP composites were implanted into IRO sites. Sham-operated tibiae established the control group. Radiological and histological scores were quantified with microbiological findings on weeks 1 and 6. Results IRO is resolved in the CV- and the V-PLLA/β-TCP groups but not in the PLLA/β-TCP group. MRSA was not isolated in the CV- and the V-PLLA/β-TCP groups at all times whereas the bacteria were present in the PLLA/β-TCP group. Radiological signs secondary to infection are improved from 10.9 ± 0.9 to 3.0 ± 0.3 in the V-PLLA/β-TCP group but remained constant in the PLLA/β-TCP group. Histology scores are improved from 24.7 ± 6.5 to 17.6 ± 4.8 and from 27.6 ± 7.9 to 32.4 ± 8.9 in the CV-PLLA/β-TCP and the V-PLLA/β-TCP groups, respectively. New bone was formed in all the PLLA/β-TCP group at weeks 1 and 6. Conclusions CV- and V-PLLA/β-TCP composites controlled experimental IRO and promoted bone healing. Clinical relevance CV- and V-PLLA/β-TCP composites have the potential of controlling experimental IRO and promoting bone healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berna Kankilic
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
| | - Elif Bilgic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| | - Feza Korkusuz
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ahola N, Veiranto M, Männistö N, Karp M, Rich J, Efimov A, Seppälä J, Kellomäki M. Processing and sustained in vitro release of rifampicin containing composites to enhance the treatment of osteomyelitis. BIOMATTER 2014; 2:213-25. [PMID: 23507887 PMCID: PMC3568107 DOI: 10.4161/biom.22793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The objective in this study was to develop an osteoconductive, biodegradable and rifampicin releasing bone filling composite material for the treatment of osteomyelitis, a bacterial infection of bone that is very difficult and expensive to treat. The composite material will be used together with a ciprofloxacin releasing composite, because of the rapid development of resistant bacteria when rifampicin is used alone. Three composites were manufactured by twin-screw extrusion. The polymer matrix for the composites was poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) 70/30 and all the composites contained 8 wt% (weight percent) of rifampicin antibiotic. The β-TCP contents of the composites were 0 wt%, 50 wt% and 60 wt%. The composites were sterilized by gamma irradiation before in vitro degradation and drug release tests. The hydrolytical degradation of the studied composites proceeded quickly and the molecular weight of the polymer component of the composites decreased rapidly. Rifampicin release occurred in four phases in which the high β-TCP content of the samples, polymer degradation and mass loss all played a role in determining the phases. The ceramic component was seen to have a positive effect on the drug release. The composite with 50 wt% of β-TCP showed the most promising rifampicin release profile and it also showed activity against a common osteomyelitis causing bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A clear inhibition zone was formed in 16 h incubation. Overall, the tested materials showed great potential to be developed into a bone filler material for the treatment of osteomyelitis or other bone related infections in combination with the ciprofloxacin releasing materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niina Ahola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|