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Rajagopalan K, Christyraj JDS, Chelladurai KS, Christyraj JRSS, Das P, Roy A, Vrushali C, Chemmet NSM. The molecular mechanisms underlying the regeneration process in the earthworm, Perionyx excavatus exhibit indications of apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation (AICP). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:222-235. [PMID: 38504086 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Regeneration is a multifaceted biological phenomenon that necessitates the intricate orchestration of apoptosis, stem cells, and immune responses, culminating in the regulation of apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation (AICP). The AICP context of research is observed in many animal models like in Hydra, Xenopus, newt, Drosophila, and mouse but so far not reported in earthworm. The earthworm Perionyx excavatus is used in the present study to understand the relationship between AICP-related protein expression and regeneration success in different conditions (normal regeneration and abnormal multiple bud formation). Initially, the worms are amputated into five equal portions and it is revealed that regeneration in P. excavatus is clitellum independent and it gives more preference for anterior regeneration (regrowth of head portion) than for posterior regeneration (regrowth of tail portion). The posterior segments of the worm possess enormous regeneration ability but this is lacking in anterior segments. Alkaline phosphate, a stem cell marker, shows strong signals throughout all the posterior segments but it decreases in the initial 1st to 15th anterior segments which lack the regeneration ability. While regenerating normally, it was suggested that the worm follow AICP principles. This is because there was increased expression of apoptosis signals throughout the regeneration process along with constant expression of stem cell proliferation response together with cellular proliferation. In amputated posterior segments maintained in vitro, the apoptosis signals were extensively detected on the 1st day. However, on the 4th and 6th days, caspase-3 and H2AX expression are significantly suppressed, which may eventually alter the Wnt3a and histone H3 patterns that impair the AICP and result in multiple bud formation. Our results suggest that AICP-related protein expression pattern is crucial for initiating proper regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamarajan Rajagopalan
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to Be University), Jeppiaar Nagar, SH 49A, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 621306, India
| | - Jackson Durairaj Selvan Christyraj
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to Be University), Jeppiaar Nagar, SH 49A, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 621306, India.
| | - Karthikeyan Subbiahanadar Chelladurai
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to Be University), Jeppiaar Nagar, SH 49A, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 621306, India
| | - Johnson Retnaraj Samuel Selvan Christyraj
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to Be University), Jeppiaar Nagar, SH 49A, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 621306, India.
| | - Puja Das
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to Be University), Jeppiaar Nagar, SH 49A, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 621306, India
| | - Apoorva Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chaughule Vrushali
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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Molecular divergence with major morphological consequences: development and evolution of organ size and shape. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:707-716. [PMID: 36373649 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the causes of the morphological diversity among organisms is a topic of great interest to evolutionary developmental biologists. Although developmental biologists have had great success in identifying the developmental mechanisms and molecular processes that specify organ size and shape within species, only relatively recently have the molecular tools become available to study how variation in these mechanisms gives rise to the phenotypic differences that are observed among closely related species. In addition to these technological advances, researchers interested in understanding how molecular variation gives rise to phenotypic variation have used three primary strategies to identify the molecular differences underlying species-specific traits: the candidate gene approach, differential gene expression screens, and between-species genetic mapping experiments. In this review, we discuss how these approaches have been successful in identifying the genes and the cellular mechanisms by which they specify variation in one of the most recognizable examples of the evolution of organ size, the adaptive variation in beak morphology among Darwin's finches. We also discuss insect reproductive structures as a model with great potential to advance our understanding of the specification and evolution of organ size and shape differences among species. The results from these two examples, and those from other species, show that species-specific variation in organ size and shape typically evolves via changes in the timing, location, and amount of gene/protein expression that act on tissue growth processes.
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Kawakami Y, Kasakura K, Kawakami T. Histamine-Releasing Factor, a New Therapeutic Target in Allergic Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121515. [PMID: 31779161 PMCID: PMC6952944 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine-releasing activities on human basophils have been studied as potential allergy-causing agents for four decades. An IgE-dependent histamine-releasing factor (HRF) was recently shown to interact with a subset of immunoglobulins. Peptides or recombinant proteins that block the interactions between HRF and IgE have emerged as promising anti-allergic therapeutics, as administration of them prevented or ameliorated type 2 inflammation in animal models of allergic diseases such as asthma and food allergy. Basic and clinical studies support the notion that HRF amplifies IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils. We discuss how secreted HRF promotes allergic inflammation in vitro and in vivo complex disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (Y.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazumi Kasakura
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (Y.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (Y.K.); (K.K.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +85-8-752-6814
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Ying X, Liu Y, Chen L, Bo Q, Xu Q, Li F, Zhou C, Cheng L. Analysis of translation control tumor protein related to deltamethrin stress in Drosophila kc cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:450-456. [PMID: 31146137 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The translation control tumor protein (TCTP) is a kind of conservative, common and important molecule, several functions (such as regulating cell cycle, apoptosis and calcium binding) have been reported. However, few academic researches for role of TCTP in insecticides stress were made so far. In this research, Drosophila kc cells treated with different doses of deltamethrin at different times, indicated that the expression of TCTP reached the highest level when the cells were treated with 20 ppm of deltamethrin at 24 h. The results showed that TCTP expression is associated with deltamethrin stress. To investigate the functional relationship between this gene and deltamethrin resistance, RNA interference (RNAi) and cell transfection were utilized. TCTP knockdown significantly reduced the level of resistance of RNAi-treated cells, and the overexpressions of TCTP in Drosophila kc cells conferred a degree of protection against deltamethrin. Flow cytometry data showed increased apoptosis rate of RNAi-treated cells and decreased apoptosis following cell transfection. These results represent the first evidence that TCTP plays an important role in the regulation of deltamethrin resistance. Therefore, this study could help us to elucidate the environmental toxicity of deltamethrin and new target genes associated with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qian Bo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Fengliang Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550009, China.
| | - Changfa Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Luogen Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Xu DD, Xu CB, Lam HM, Wong FL, Leung AWN, Leong MML, Cho WCS, Hoeven R, Lv Q, Rong R. Proteomic analysis reveals that pheophorbide a-mediated photodynamic treatment inhibits prostate cancer growth by hampering GDP-GTP exchange of ras-family proteins. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 23:35-39. [PMID: 29800714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that pheophorbide a (PhA), excited by 630 nm light, significantly inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cells. In this study, we employed whole-cell proteomics to investigate photodynamic treatment (PDT)-related proteins. METHODS Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was employed to reveal the proteins involved in PhA-mediated PDT in LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cells. RESULTS After PhA-PDT treatment, decreased expression of translationally-controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was found in both PC-3 and LNCaP whole-cell proteomes. In contrast, human rab GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) in LNCaP cells and ras-related homologs GDI in PC-3 cells were up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS GDP-GTP exchange is an underlying target of photodynamic treatment in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dan Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Chong Bing Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hon Ming Lam
- School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Fuk-Ling Wong
- School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | | | - Merrin Man Long Leong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Robin Hoeven
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Qingtao Lv
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Pinkaew D, Fujise K. Fortilin: A Potential Target for the Prevention and Treatment of Human Diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2017; 82:265-300. [PMID: 28939212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fortilin is a highly conserved 172-amino-acid polypeptide found in the cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria, extracellular space, and circulating blood. It is a multifunctional protein that protects cells against apoptosis, promotes cell growth and cell cycle progression, binds calcium (Ca2+) and has antipathogen activities. Its role in the pathogenesis of human and animal diseases is also diverse. Fortilin facilitates the development of atherosclerosis, contributes to both systemic and pulmonary arterial hypertension, participates in the development of cancers, and worsens diabetic nephropathy. It is important for the adaptive expansion of pancreatic β-cells in response to obesity and increased insulin requirement, for the regeneration of liver after hepatectomy, and for protection of the liver against alcohol- and ER stress-induced injury. Fortilin is a viable surrogate marker for in vivo apoptosis, and it plays a key role in embryo and organ development in vertebrates. In fish and shrimp, fortilin participates in host defense against bacterial and viral pathogens. Further translational research could prove fortilin to be a viable molecular target for treatment of various human diseases including and not limited to atherosclerosis, hypertension, certain tumors, diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, hepatic injury, and aberrant immunity and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decha Pinkaew
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ken Fujise
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States; The Institute of Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.
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7
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Assrir N, Malard F, Lescop E. Structural Insights into TCTP and Its Interactions with Ligands and Proteins. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 64:9-46. [PMID: 29149402 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67591-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 19-24 kDa Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) is involved in a wide range of molecular interactions with biological and nonbiological partners of various chemical compositions such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, or small molecules. TCTP is therefore an important and versatile binding platform. Many of these protein-protein interactions have been validated, albeit only few received an in-depth structural characterization. In this chapter, we will focus on the structural analysis of TCTP and we will review the available literature regarding its interaction network from a structural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Assrir
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florian Malard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ewen Lescop
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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8
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Chen C, Deng Y, Hua M, Xi Q, Liu R, Yang S, Liu J, Zhong J, Tang M, Lu S, Zhang Z, Min X, Tang C, Wang Y. Expression and clinical role of TCTP in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Mol Histol 2015; 46:145-56. [PMID: 25564355 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the potential role and prognostic significance of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of TCTP in eight fresh EOC tissues. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of 119 cases of ovarian cancers. Kaplan-Meier method indicated the relation between TCTP and EOC patients' overall survival rate. Starvation and re-feeding was used to assess cell cycle. Knocking down of TCTP and CCK8 assay showed the role of TCTP in HO8910 cell cycle. We found that TCTP was overexpressed in carcinoma tissues compared with normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed that TCTP expression was significantly associated with clinicopathologic variables. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high TCTP expression was significantly related to poor prognosis of the patients. Starvation and re-feeding suggested TCTP played a critical role in HO8910 cell proliferation. Interference of TCTP and CCK8 assay showed that the TCTP-siRNA treated HO8910 cells grew more slowly than the control group. CCK-8 assays and terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling assays were also performed to demonstrate the cisplatin could inhibit the survival of HO8910 cells and promote their apoptosis. All the experiments we have done showed that TCTP could promote the progression of EOC and reduce the sensitiveness of HO8910 cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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9
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Recent advances in the understanding of brown spider venoms: From the biology of spiders to the molecular mechanisms of toxins. Toxicon 2014; 83:91-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Stanley DW, Goodman C, An S, Song Q. Prostaglandin A2 influences gene expression in an established insect cell line (BCIRL-HzAM1) cells. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:837-849. [PMID: 22449654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) and other eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid and two other C(20) polyunsaturated fatty acids. While most well studied in mammals, PGs exert important actions in insects and virtually all other invertebrates. We have been researching the mechanisms of PG actions in established insect cell lines and reported earlier that two PGs, PGA(1) and PGE(1), influence gene and protein expression in HzAM1 cells. Here we report on further experiments with three 2-series PGs, PGA(2), PGE(2) and PGF(2α). In separate experiments we treated cells with each of the three PGs for 12 and 24h and then analyzed cell lysates by 2-D electrophoresis. Analysis of the gels by Delta2D software showed that PGA(2) influenced expression of 60 proteins while PGE(2) and PGF(2α) treatments led to expression changes for only a few proteins. All spots representing changes in protein expression were processed for analysis by MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic analysis of the resulting sequences yielded in silico identifications of all proteins. The apparent changes in some proteins were confirmed by quantitative PCR, which demonstrated that changes in protein expression were parallel to changes in mRNA expression. We assorted the proteins into functional categories, including 1/cell structure and function; 2/cell protection and immunity; 3/energetics and metabolism; 4/nucleotide processing; 5/protein action and processing and 6/signal transduction. These findings substantially extend our idea that one mechanism of PG actions in insect cells is the modulation of gene and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Stanley
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, MO 65203, USA.
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Molecular cloning, heterologous expression and functional characterization of a novel translationally-controlled tumor protein (TCTP) family member from Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider) venom. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:170-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lucibello M, Gambacurta A, Zonfrillo M, Pierimarchi P, Serafino A, Rasi G, Rubartelli A, Garaci E. TCTP is a critical survival factor that protects cancer cells from oxidative stress-induced cell-death. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2479-89. [PMID: 21801721 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) displays growth-promoting and antiapoptotic properties. To gain information on the role of TCTP in cancer disease, we studied the modulation of TCTP and cell survival under stress conditions on tumor cell lines of different origins. When cancer cells were exposed to a mild oxidative stress, such low doses of Arsenic trioxide (ATO) or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), up-regulation of TCTP was observed in cells survived to the treatment. Differently, a strong oxidative hit provided by ATO combined with glutathione (GSH) depletion or condition of glucose deprivation caused a down-modulation of TCTP followed by cell death. Clones with a forced expression of TCTP or with silenced TCTP were obtained from the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The sensitivity to oxidative stress was strongly enhanced in down-modulated TCTP cells while decreasing in cells with high levels of TCTP. Together these results indicate that TCTP is a survival factor that protects cancer cells from oxidative stress-induced cell-death. We propose TCTP as a "stress hallmark" that may be exploited as a therapeutic target to decrease the resistance of cancer cells to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucibello
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
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Hudler P, Repše S, Juvan R, Komel R. A genomic approach to investigate expression profiles in Slovenian patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2011; 2:1003-1014. [PMID: 22866164 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its decreasing frequency in developed countries, gastric cancer remains a significant health burden. The aim of the present study was to construct cDNA libraries and analyze differentially expressed genes related to this disease. Gene expression profiles were generated with suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH). We constructed eight SSH libraries, four representing up-regulated genes and four representing down-regulated genes in tumor tissues. Our approach revealed that several genes are abnormally expressed in gastric cancer. We also identified global deregulation of several pathways involved in the maintenance of normal gastric homeostasis. The results of this study support the view that, as a result of complex pathogenesis, diversity of genomic aberrations and multiplicity of carcinogenic causes, gastric cancer cannot be reduced to a single molecule. Our results may contribute new insight into molecular aspects of the disease and may prove advantageous for future development of therapeutic targets and diagnostic molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hudler
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Chaim OM, Trevisan-Silva D, Chaves-Moreira D, Wille ACM, Ferrer VP, Matsubara FH, Mangili OC, da Silveira RB, Gremski LH, Gremski W, Senff-Ribeiro A, Veiga SS. Brown spider (Loxosceles genus) venom toxins: tools for biological purposes. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:309-44. [PMID: 22069711 PMCID: PMC3202818 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Venomous animals use their venoms as tools for defense or predation. These venoms are complex mixtures, mainly enriched of proteic toxins or peptides with several, and different, biological activities. In general, spider venom is rich in biologically active molecules that are useful in experimental protocols for pharmacology, biochemistry, cell biology and immunology, as well as putative tools for biotechnology and industries. Spider venoms have recently garnered much attention from several research groups worldwide. Brown spider (Loxosceles genus) venom is enriched in low molecular mass proteins (5–40 kDa). Although their venom is produced in minute volumes (a few microliters), and contain only tens of micrograms of protein, the use of techniques based on molecular biology and proteomic analysis has afforded rational projects in the area and permitted the discovery and identification of a great number of novel toxins. The brown spider phospholipase-D family is undoubtedly the most investigated and characterized, although other important toxins, such as low molecular mass insecticidal peptides, metalloproteases and hyaluronidases have also been identified and featured in literature. The molecular pathways of the action of these toxins have been reported and brought new insights in the field of biotechnology. Herein, we shall see how recent reports describing discoveries in the area of brown spider venom have expanded biotechnological uses of molecules identified in these venoms, with special emphasis on the construction of a cDNA library for venom glands, transcriptome analysis, proteomic projects, recombinant expression of different proteic toxins, and finally structural descriptions based on crystallography of toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Meiri Chaim
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (O.M.C.); (D.T.-S); (D.C.-M); (A.C.M.W.); (V.P.F.); (F.H.M.); (L.H.G.); (A.S.-R)
| | - Dilza Trevisan-Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (O.M.C.); (D.T.-S); (D.C.-M); (A.C.M.W.); (V.P.F.); (F.H.M.); (L.H.G.); (A.S.-R)
| | - Daniele Chaves-Moreira
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (O.M.C.); (D.T.-S); (D.C.-M); (A.C.M.W.); (V.P.F.); (F.H.M.); (L.H.G.); (A.S.-R)
| | - Ana Carolina M. Wille
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (O.M.C.); (D.T.-S); (D.C.-M); (A.C.M.W.); (V.P.F.); (F.H.M.); (L.H.G.); (A.S.-R)
- Department of Structural, Molecular Biology and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Valéria Pereira Ferrer
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (O.M.C.); (D.T.-S); (D.C.-M); (A.C.M.W.); (V.P.F.); (F.H.M.); (L.H.G.); (A.S.-R)
| | - Fernando Hitomi Matsubara
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (O.M.C.); (D.T.-S); (D.C.-M); (A.C.M.W.); (V.P.F.); (F.H.M.); (L.H.G.); (A.S.-R)
| | | | - Rafael Bertoni da Silveira
- Department of Structural, Molecular Biology and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Luiza Helena Gremski
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (O.M.C.); (D.T.-S); (D.C.-M); (A.C.M.W.); (V.P.F.); (F.H.M.); (L.H.G.); (A.S.-R)
| | - Waldemiro Gremski
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (O.M.C.); (D.T.-S); (D.C.-M); (A.C.M.W.); (V.P.F.); (F.H.M.); (L.H.G.); (A.S.-R)
- Catholic University of Paraná, Health and Biological Sciences Institute, CEP 80215-901 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Andrea Senff-Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (O.M.C.); (D.T.-S); (D.C.-M); (A.C.M.W.); (V.P.F.); (F.H.M.); (L.H.G.); (A.S.-R)
| | - Silvio Sanches Veiga
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; (O.M.C.); (D.T.-S); (D.C.-M); (A.C.M.W.); (V.P.F.); (F.H.M.); (L.H.G.); (A.S.-R)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +55-41-33611776; Fax: +55-41-3266-2042
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Gremski LH, da Silveira RB, Chaim OM, Probst CM, Ferrer VP, Nowatzki J, Weinschutz HC, Madeira HM, Gremski W, Nader HB, Senff-Ribeiro A, Veiga SS. A novel expression profile of the Loxosceles intermedia spider venomous gland revealed by transcriptome analysis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:2403-16. [PMID: 20644878 DOI: 10.1039/c004118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Spiders of the Loxosceles genus are cosmopolitan, and their venom components possess remarkable biological properties associated with their ability to act upon different molecules and receptors. Accidents with Loxosceles intermedia specimens are recognized as a public health problem in the south of Brazil. To describe the transcriptional profile of the L. intermedia venom gland, we generated a wide cDNA library, and its transcripts were functionally and structurally analyzed. After initial analyses, 1843 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) produced readable sequences that were grouped into 538 clusters, 281 of which were singletons. 985 reads (53% of total ESTs) matched to known proteins. Similarity searches showed that toxin-encoding transcripts account for 43% of the total library and comprise a great number of ESTs. The most frequent toxins were from the LiTx family, which are known for their insecticidal activity. Both phospholipase D and astacin-like metalloproteases toxins account for approximately 9% of total transcripts. Toxins components such as serine proteases, hyaluronidases and venom allergens were also found but with minor representation. Almost 10% of the ESTs encode for proteins involved in cellular processes. These data provide an important overview of the L. intermedia venom gland expression scenario and revealed significant differences from profiles of other spiders from the Loxosceles genus. Furthermore, our results also confirm that this venom constitutes an amazing source of novel compounds with potential agrochemical, industrial and pharmacological applications.
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