1
|
David V, Succar BB, de Moraes JA, Saldanha-Gama RFG, Barja-Fidalgo C, Zingali RB. Recombinant and Chimeric Disintegrins in Preclinical Research. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E321. [PMID: 30087285 PMCID: PMC6116119 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Disintegrins are a family of small cysteine-rich peptides, found in a wide variety of snake venoms of different phylogenetic origin. These peptides selectively bind to integrins, which are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that play a fundamental role in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes, such as hemostasis and tumor metastasis. Most disintegrins interact with integrins through the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence loop, resulting in an active site that modulates the integrin activity. Some variations in the tripeptide sequence and the variability in its neighborhood result in a different specificity or affinity toward integrin receptors from platelets, tumor cells or neutrophils. Recombinant forms of these proteins are obtained mainly through Escherichia coli, which is the most common host used for heterologous expression. Advances in the study of the structure-activity relationship and importance of some regions of the molecule, especially the hairpin loop and the C-terminus, rely on approaches such as site-directed mutagenesis and the design and expression of chimeric peptides. This review provides highlights of the biological relevance and contribution of recombinant disintegrins to the understanding of their binding specificity, biological activities and therapeutic potential. The biological and pharmacological relevance on the newest discoveries about this family of integrin-binding proteins are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor David
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Barbosa Succar
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - João Alfredo de Moraes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Ferreira Gomes Saldanha-Gama
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20.551-030, Brazil.
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20.551-030, Brazil.
| | - Russolina Benedeta Zingali
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gutierrez DA, Aranda AS, Carrillo DAR, Koshlaychuk MA, Sanchez EE, Lucena SE, Soto JG. Functional analysis of four single (RGDWL, RGDWM, RGDWP, RGDMN) and two double (RGDNM, RGDMP) mutants: The importance of methionine (M) in the functional potency of recombinant mojastin (r-Moj). Toxicon 2016; 124:1-7. [PMID: 27816535 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated in previous studies that a single amino acid change can alter the activity of the recombinant disintegrin r-Moj. In this study, four r-Moj recombinants containing single mutations (r-Moj-WL, r-Moj-WM, r-Moj-WP, r-Moj-MN) and two containing double mutations (r-Moj-MP and r-Moj-NM) at the binding loop were produced, purified, and tested. All r-Moj-W_, r-Moj-M_, and r-Moj-NM mutant peptides inhibited platelet aggregation at higher potency than r-Moj-D_ mutants. Five of the seven r-Moj peptides inhibited angiogenesis at different levels. Two of the mutant peptides with a methionine at the second position carboxyl of the RGD (r-Moj-WM and r-Moj-NM) were the strongest angiogenesis inhibitors, with r-Moj-WM being the most potent. Recombinant r-Moj-MP and r-Moj-WN failed to inhibit angiogenesis. Only the r-Moj-MP mutant peptide induced apoptosis of SK-Mel-28 cells significantly (p = 0.001). This was confirmed by chromatin condensation. Proliferation of SK-Mel-28 cells was inhibited at high levels (>70%) by all r-Moj mutant peptides. Recombinant r-Moj-MN and r-Moj-WN failed to inhibit cell migration significantly (p > 0.5). Recombinant r-Moj-NM was the strongest cell migration inhibitor (98% ± 0.69), followed by r-Moj-MP (80% ± 2.87), and r-Moj-WM (61.8% ± 5.45). The lowest inhibitor was r-Moj-WL (50% ± 12.16). Our functional data suggest that the most potent r-Moj disintegrins contain a methionine in the first or the second position carboxyl to the RGD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Gutierrez
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States
| | - Ana S Aranda
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States
| | - David A R Carrillo
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States
| | - Melissa A Koshlaychuk
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States
| | - Elda E Sanchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, United States
| | - Sara E Lucena
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, United States
| | - Julio G Soto
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McBride TD, Andrew U, Ly N, Soto JG. RNA sequence analyses of r-Moj-DM treated cells: TXNIP is required to induce apoptosis of SK-Mel-28. Toxicon 2016; 121:1-9. [PMID: 27567705 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA sequencing of untreated and r-Moj-DM treated SK-Mel-28 cells was performed after 6 h, to begin unraveling the apoptotic pathway induced by r-Moj-DM. Bioinformatic analyses of RNA sequencing data yielded 40 genes that were differentially expressed. Nine genes were upregulated and 31 were downregulated. qRT-PCR was used to validate differential expression of 13 genes with known survival or apoptotic-inducing activities. Expression of BNiP3, IGFBP3, PTPSF, Prune 2, TGF-ß, and TXNIP were compared from cells treated with r-Moj-DN (a strong apoptotic inducer) or r-Moj-DA (a non-apoptotic inducer) for 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after treatment. Our results demonstrate that significant differences in expression are only detected after 4 h of treatment. In addition, expression of TXNIP (an apoptotic inducer) remains elevated at 4 h and 6 h only in r-Moj-DN treated cells. Based on the consistency of elevated TXNIP expression, we further studied TXNIP as a novel target of disintegrin activation. Confocal microscopy of anti-TXNIP stained SK-Mel-28 cells suggests nuclear localization of TXNIP after r-Moj-DM treatment. A stable TXNIP knockdown SK-Mel-28 cell line was produced to test TXNIP' role in the apoptotic induction by r-Moj-DM. High cell viability (74.3% ±9.1) was obtained after r-Moj-DM treatment of TXNIP knocked down SK-Mel-28 cells, compared to 34% ±0.187 for untransduced cells. These results suggest that TXNIP is required early in the apoptotic-inducing pathway resulting from r-Moj-DM binding to the αv integrin subunit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terri D McBride
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - U Andrew
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Nicko Ly
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Julio G Soto
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramos CJ, Gutierrez DA, Aranda AS, Koshlaychuk MA, Carrillo DA, Medrano R, McBride TD, U A, Medina SM, Lombardo MC, Lucena SE, Sanchez EE, Soto JG. Functional characterization of six aspartate (D) recombinant mojastin mutants (r-Moj): A second aspartate amino acid carboxyl to the RGD in r-Moj-D_ peptides is not sufficient to induce apoptosis of SK-Mel-28 cells. Toxicon 2016; 118:36-42. [PMID: 27105671 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Disintegrins are small peptides produced in viper venom that act as integrin antagonists. When bound to integrins, disintegrins induce altered cellular behaviors, such as apoptotic induction. Disintegrins with RGDDL or RGDDM motifs induce apoptosis of normal and cancer cells. We hypothesized that a second aspartate (D) carboxyl to the RGD is sufficient to induce apoptosis. Five recombinant mojastin D mutants were produced by site-directed mutagenesis (r-Moj-DA, r-Moj-DG, r-Moj-DL, r-Moj-DN, and r-Moj-DV). Stable αv integrin knockdown and shRNA scrambled control SK-Mel-28 cell lines were produced to test a second hypothesis: r-Moj-D_ peptides bind to αv integrin. Only r-Moj-DL, r-Moj-DM, and r-Moj-DN induced apoptosis of SK-Mel-28 cells (at 29.4%, 25.6%, and 36.2%, respectively). Apoptotic induction was significantly reduced in SK-Mel-28 cells with a stable αv integrin knockdown (to 2%, 17%, and 2%, respectively), but not in SK-Mel-28 cells with a stable scrambled shRNA. All six r-Moj-D_ peptides inhibited cell proliferation; ranging from 49.56% (r-Moj-DN) to 75.6% (r-Moj-DA). Cell proliferation inhibition by r-Moj-D_ peptides was significantly reduced in SK-Mel-28 cells with a stable αv integrin knockdown. All six r-Moj-D_ peptides inhibited SK-Mel-28 cell migration at high levels (69%-100%). As a consequence, rac-1 mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced as early as 1 h after treatment, suggesting that rac-1 is involved in the cell migration activity of SK-Mel-28.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Ramos
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Daniel A Gutierrez
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Ana S Aranda
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Melissa A Koshlaychuk
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - David A Carrillo
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Rafael Medrano
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Terri D McBride
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Andrew U
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Stephanie M Medina
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Melissa C Lombardo
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Sara E Lucena
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Elda E Sanchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Julio G Soto
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA.
| |
Collapse
|