1
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Lin CI, Chen ZC, Chen CH, Chang YH, Lee TC, Tang TT, Yu TW, Yang CM, Tsai MC, Huang CC, Yang TW, Lin CC, Wang RH, Chiou GY, Jong YJ, Chao JI. Co-inhibition of Aurora A and Haspin kinases enhances survivin blockage and p53 induction for mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115289. [PMID: 36241092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause and mortality worldwide. Aurora A and haspin kinases act pivotal roles in mitotic progression. However, the blockage of Aurora A and Haspin for CRC therapy is still unclear. Here we show that the Haspin and p-H3T3 protein levels were highly expressed in CRC tumor tissues of clinical patients. Overexpression of Haspin increased the protein levels of p-H3T3 and survivin in human CRC cells; conversely, the protein levels of p-H3T3 and survivin were decreased by the Haspin gene knockdown. Moreover, the gene knockdown of Aurora A induced abnormal chromosome segregation, mitotic catastrophe, and cell growth inhibition. Combined targeted by co-treatment of CHR6494, a Haspin inhibitor, and MLN8237, an Aurora A inhibitor, enhanced apoptosis and CRC tumor inhibition. MLN8237 and CHR6494 induced abnormal chromosome segregation and mitotic catastrophe. Meanwhile, MLN8237 and CHR6494 inhibited survivin protein levels but conversely induced p53 protein expression. Ectopic survivin expression by transfection with a survivin-expressed vector resisted the cell death in the MLN8237- and CHR6494-treated cells. In contrast, the existence of functional p53 increased the apoptotic levels by treatment with MLN8237 and CHR6494. Co-treatment of CHR6494 and MLN8237 enhanced the blockage of human CRC xenograft tumors in nude mice. Taken together, co-inhibition of Aurora A and Haspin enhances survivin inhibition, p53 pathway induction, mitotic catastrophe, apoptosis and tumor inhibition that may provide a potential strategy for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-I Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Zan-Chu Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chia Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Tai Tang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Yu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Man Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chou Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectum, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Hsin Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yuh Chiou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, and Translational Research Center of Neuromuscular Diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jui-I Chao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan.
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2
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Liu HF, Liu R. Structure-based prediction of post-translational modification cross-talk within proteins using complementary residue- and residue pair-based features. Brief Bioinform 2021; 21:609-620. [PMID: 30649184 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bby123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM)-based regulation can be mediated not only by the modification of a single residue but also by the interplay of different modifications. Accurate prediction of PTM cross-talk is a highly challenging issue and is in its infant stage. Especially, less attention has been paid to the structural preferences (except intrinsic disorder and spatial proximity) of cross-talk pairs and the characteristics of individual residues involved in cross-talk, which may restrict the improvement of the prediction accuracy. Here we report a structure-based algorithm called PCTpred to improve the PTM cross-talk prediction. The comprehensive residue- and residue pair-based features were designed for paired PTM sites at the sequence and structural levels. Through feature selection, we reserved 23 newly introduced descriptors and 3 traditional descriptors to develop a sequence-based predictor PCTseq and a structure-based predictor PCTstr, both of which were integrated to construct our final prediction model. According to pair- and protein-based evaluations, PCTpred yielded area under the curve values of approximately 0.9 and 0.8, respectively. Even when removing the distance preference of samples or using the input of modeled structures, our prediction performance was maintained or moderately reduced. PCTpred displayed stable and reliable improvements over the state-of-the-art methods based on various evaluations. The source code and data set are freely available at https://github.com/Liulab-HZAU/PCTpred or http://liulab.hzau.edu.cn/PCTpred/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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3
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Ghatak D, Das Ghosh D, Roychoudhury S. Cancer Stemness: p53 at the Wheel. Front Oncol 2021; 10:604124. [PMID: 33505918 PMCID: PMC7830093 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.604124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 maintains an equilibrium between self-renewal and differentiation to sustain a limited repertoire of stem cells for proper development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Inactivation of p53 disrupts this balance and promotes pluripotency and somatic cell reprogramming. A few reports in recent years have indicated that prevalent TP53 oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations further boosts the stemness properties of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the role of wild type p53 in regulating pluripotency of normal stem cells and various mechanisms that control the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in embryonic and adult stem cells. We also highlight how inactivating and GOF mutations in p53 stimulate stemness in cancer cells. Further, we have explored the various mechanisms of mutant p53-driven cancer stemness, particularly emphasizing on the non-coding RNA mediated epigenetic regulation. We have also analyzed the association of cancer stemness with other crucial gain-of-function properties of mutant p53 such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotypes and chemoresistance to understand how activation of one affects the other. Given the critical role of cancer stem-like cells in tumor maintenance, cancer progression, and therapy resistance of mutant p53 tumors, targeting them might improve therapeutic efficacy in human cancers with TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishari Ghatak
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Damayanti Das Ghosh
- Division of Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Division of Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
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4
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Roychowdhury T, Chattopadhyay S. Chemical Decorations of "MARs" Residents in Orchestrating Eukaryotic Gene Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602994. [PMID: 33409278 PMCID: PMC7779526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome organization plays a crucial role in gene regulation, orchestrating multiple cellular functions. A meshwork of proteins constituting a three-dimensional (3D) matrix helps in maintaining the genomic architecture. Sequences of DNA that are involved in tethering the chromatin to the matrix are called scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs), and the proteins that bind to these sequences and mediate tethering are termed S/MAR-binding proteins (S/MARBPs). The regulation of S/MARBPs is important for cellular functions and is altered under different conditions. Limited information is available presently to understand the structure–function relationship conclusively. Although all S/MARBPs bind to DNA, their context- and tissue-specific regulatory roles cannot be justified solely based on the available information on their structures. Conformational changes in a protein lead to changes in protein–protein interactions (PPIs) that essentially would regulate functional outcomes. A well-studied form of protein regulation is post-translational modification (PTM). It involves disulfide bond formation, cleavage of precursor proteins, and addition or removal of low-molecular-weight groups, leading to modifications like phosphorylation, methylation, SUMOylation, acetylation, PARylation, and ubiquitination. These chemical modifications lead to varied functional outcomes by mechanisms like modifying DNA–protein interactions and PPIs, altering protein function, stability, and crosstalk with other PTMs regulating subcellular localizations. S/MARBPs are reported to be regulated by PTMs, thereby contributing to gene regulation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding, scope, disease implications, and future perspectives of the diverse PTMs regulating functions of S/MARBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India.,Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India.,Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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5
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Pradhan MR, Siau JW, Kannan S, Nguyen MN, Ouaray Z, Kwoh CK, Lane DP, Ghadessy F, Verma CS. Simulations of mutant p53 DNA binding domains reveal a novel druggable pocket. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1637-1652. [PMID: 30649466 PMCID: PMC6393305 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA binding domain (DBD) of the tumor suppressor p53 is the site of several oncogenic mutations. A subset of these mutations lowers the unfolding temperature of the DBD. Unfolding leads to the exposure of a hydrophobic β-strand and nucleates aggregation which results in pathologies through loss of function and dominant negative/gain of function effects. Inspired by the hypothesis that structural changes that are associated with events initiating unfolding in DBD are likely to present opportunities for inhibition, we investigate the dynamics of the wild type (WT) and some aggregating mutants through extensive all atom explicit solvent MD simulations. Simulations reveal differential conformational sampling between the WT and the mutants of a turn region (S6-S7) that is contiguous to a known aggregation-prone region (APR). The conformational properties of the S6-S7 turn appear to be modulated by a network of interacting residues. We speculate that changes that take place in this network as a result of the mutational stress result in the events that destabilize the DBD and initiate unfolding. These perturbations also result in the emergence of a novel pocket that appears to have druggable characteristics. FDA approved drugs are computationally screened against this pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan R Pradhan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671.,School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Jia Wei Siau
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Minh N Nguyen
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Zohra Ouaray
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671.,School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Chee Keong Kwoh
- School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - David P Lane
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Farid Ghadessy
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671.,Department of Biological sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.,School of Biological sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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6
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Regulators of Oncogenic Mutant TP53 Gain of Function. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010004. [PMID: 30577483 PMCID: PMC6356290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 (TP53) is the most frequently mutated human gene. Mutations in TP53 not only disrupt its tumor suppressor function, but also endow oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) activities in a manner independent of wild-type TP53 (wtp53). Mutant TP53 (mutp53) GOF is mainly mediated by its binding with other tumor suppressive or oncogenic proteins. Increasing evidence indicates that stabilization of mutp53 is crucial for its GOF activity. However, little is known about factors that alter mutp53 stability and its oncogenic GOF activities. In this review article, we primarily summarize key regulators of mutp53 stability/activities, including genotoxic stress, post-translational modifications, ubiquitin ligases, and molecular chaperones, as well as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and dimer-forming mutations in mutp53.
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7
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Zhang P, Zhang X. Stimulatory effects of curcumin and quercetin on posttranslational modifications of p53 during lung carcinogenesis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:618-625. [PMID: 28681665 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117714037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is responsible for increase in mortality due to cancer-related deaths, and new approaches are being explored for the betterment of the situation. In the present study, chemopreventive efficacy of curcumin and quercetin was investigated against benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-induced lung carcinogenesis. The mice were segregated into five groups, which included normal control, BP-treated, BP + curcumin-treated, BP + quercetin-treated, and BP + curcumin + quercetin-treated groups. The morphological and histological analyses of tumor nodules confirmed lung carcinogenesis22 weeks after weeks single intraperitoneal injection of BP at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight to mice. Curcumin and quercetin when administered individually as well as in combination significantly elevated the expression of acetylated-p53, which was otherwise depressed due to BP treatment. Also, both the phytochemicals significantly reduced the BP-inflicted increased levels of phosphorylated-p53. Furthermore, observed increase in the number of apoptotic cells by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), assay and increased activities of caspase 3 and 9 confirmed the induction of apoptosis by curcumin and quercetin. Moreover, the histological slides also showed noticeable improvement in the histoarchitecture of lungs by phytochemicals. The present study concludes that prophylactic treatment with curcumin and quercetin induces apoptosis in the lungs by modulation of p53 posttranslational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhang
- 1 Xuzhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,2 XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,3 Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,4 Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xy Zhang
- 5 Information Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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8
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Islam S, Qi W, Morales C, Cooke L, Spier C, Weterings E, Mahadevan D. Disruption of Aneuploidy and Senescence Induced by Aurora Inhibition Promotes Intrinsic Apoptosis in Double Hit or Double Expressor Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2083-2093. [PMID: 28615297 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Double hit (DH) or double expressor (DE) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) with translocations and/or overexpressions of MYC and BCL-2, which are difficult to treat. Aurora kinase (AK) inhibition with alisertib in DH/DE-DLBCL induces cell death in ∼30%, while ∼70% are aneuploid and senescent cells (AASC), a mitotic escape mechanism contributing to drug resistance. These AASCs elaborated a high metabolic rate by increased AKT/mTOR and ERK/MAPK activity via BTK signaling through the chronic active B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway. Combinations of alisertib + ibrutinib or alisertib + ibrutinib + rituximab significantly reduced AASCs with enhanced intrinsic cell death. Inhibition of AK + BTK reduced phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR and ERK-1/2, upregulated phospho-H2A-X and Chk-2 (DNA damage), reduced Bcl-6, and decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and induced apoptosis by PARP cleavage. In a DE-DLBCL SCID mouse xenograft model, ibrutinib alone was inactive, while alisertib + ibrutinib was additive with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) rate of ∼25%. However, TGI for ibrutinib + rituximab was ∼50% to 60%. In contrast, triple therapy showed a TGI rate of >90%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that 67% of mice were alive at day 89 with triple therapy versus 20% with ibrutinib + rituximab. All treatments were well tolerated with no changes in body weights. A novel triple therapy consisting of alisertib + ibrutinib + rituximab inhibits AASCs induced by AK inhibition in DH/DE-DLBCL leading to a significant antiproliferative signal, enhanced intrinsic apoptosis and may be of therapeutic potential in these lymphomas. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2083-93. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariful Islam
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wenqing Qi
- West Cancer Center and University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Carla Morales
- West Cancer Center and University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Laurence Cooke
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Catherine Spier
- University of Arizona, Department of Pathology, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Eric Weterings
- University of Arizona, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.
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9
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Sasai K, Treekitkarnmongkol W, Kai K, Katayama H, Sen S. Functional Significance of Aurora Kinases-p53 Protein Family Interactions in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:247. [PMID: 27933271 PMCID: PMC5122578 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases play critical roles in regulating spindle assembly, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis to ensure faithful segregation of chromosomes during mitotic cell division cycle. Molecular and cell biological studies have revealed that Aurora kinases, at physiological levels, orchestrate complex sequential cellular processes at distinct subcellular locations through functional interactions with its various substrates. Aberrant expression of Aurora kinases, on the other hand, cause defects in mitotic spindle assembly, checkpoint response activation, and chromosome segregation leading to chromosomal instability. Elevated expression of Aurora kinases correlating with chromosomal instability is frequently detected in human cancers. Recent genomic profiling of about 3000 human cancer tissue specimens to identify various oncogenic signatures in The Cancer Genome Atlas project has reported that recurrent amplification and overexpression of Aurora kinase-A characterize distinct subsets of human tumors across multiple cancer types. Besides the well-characterized canonical pathway interactions of Aurora kinases in regulating assembly of the mitotic apparatus and chromosome segregation, growing evidence also supports the notion that deregulated expression of Aurora kinases in non-canonical pathways drive transformation and genomic instability by antagonizing tumor suppressor and exacerbating oncogenic signaling through direct interactions with critical proteins. Aberrant expression of the Aurora kinases–p53 protein family signaling axes appears to be critical in the abrogation of p53 protein family mediated tumor suppressor pathways frequently deregulated during oncogenic transformation process. Recent findings reveal the existence of feedback regulatory loops in mRNA expression and protein stability of these protein families and their consequences on downstream effectors involved in diverse physiological functions, such as mitotic progression, checkpoint response pathways, as well as self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. While these investigations have focused on the functional consequences of Aurora kinase protein family interactions with wild-type p53 family proteins, those involving Aurora kinases and mutant p53 remain to be elucidated. This article presents a comprehensive review of studies on Aurora kinases–p53 protein family interactions along with a prospective view on the possible functional consequences of Aurora kinase–mutant p53 signaling pathways in tumor cells. Additionally, we also discuss therapeutic implications of these findings in Aurora kinases overexpressing subsets of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sasai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Warapen Treekitkarnmongkol
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Kazuharu Kai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Hiroshi Katayama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Subrata Sen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
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10
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p53 Proteoforms and Intrinsic Disorder: An Illustration of the Protein Structure-Function Continuum Concept. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111874. [PMID: 27834926 PMCID: PMC5133874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is one of the most studied proteins, p53 continues to be an enigma. This protein has numerous biological functions, possesses intrinsically disordered regions crucial for its functionality, can form both homo-tetramers and isoform-based hetero-tetramers, and is able to interact with many binding partners. It contains numerous posttranslational modifications, has several isoforms generated by alternative splicing, alternative promoter usage or alternative initiation of translation, and is commonly mutated in different cancers. Therefore, p53 serves as an important illustration of the protein structure–function continuum concept, where the generation of multiple proteoforms by various mechanisms defines the ability of this protein to have a multitude of structurally and functionally different states. Considering p53 in the light of a proteoform-based structure–function continuum represents a non-canonical and conceptually new contemplation of structure, regulation, and functionality of this important protein.
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11
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Lambrughi M, De Gioia L, Gervasio FL, Lindorff-Larsen K, Nussinov R, Urani C, Bruschi M, Papaleo E. DNA-binding protects p53 from interactions with cofactors involved in transcription-independent functions. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:9096-9109. [PMID: 27604871 PMCID: PMC5100575 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding-induced conformational changes of a protein at regions distant from the binding site may play crucial roles in protein function and regulation. The p53 tumour suppressor is an example of such an allosterically regulated protein. Little is known, however, about how DNA binding can affect distal sites for transcription factors. Furthermore, the molecular details of how a local perturbation is transmitted through a protein structure are generally elusive and occur on timescales hard to explore by simulations. Thus, we employed state-of-the-art enhanced sampling atomistic simulations to unveil DNA-induced effects on p53 structure and dynamics that modulate the recruitment of cofactors and the impact of phosphorylation at Ser215. We show that DNA interaction promotes a conformational change in a region 3 nm away from the DNA binding site. Specifically, binding to DNA increases the population of an occluded minor state at this distal site by more than 4-fold, whereas phosphorylation traps the protein in its major state. In the minor conformation, the interface of p53 that binds biological partners related to p53 transcription-independent functions is not accessible. Significantly, our study reveals a mechanism of DNA-mediated protection of p53 from interactions with partners involved in the p53 transcription-independent signalling. This also suggests that conformational dynamics is tightly related to p53 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lambrughi
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luca De Gioia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Luigi Gervasio
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chiara Urani
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Unit of Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Huang Y, Xu B, Zhou X, Li Y, Lu M, Jiang R, Li T. Systematic characterization and prediction of post-translational modification cross-talk. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:761-70. [PMID: 25605461 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.037994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM)(1) plays an important role in regulating the functions of proteins. PTMs of multiple residues on one protein may work together to determine a functional outcome, which is known as PTM cross-talk. Identification of PTM cross-talks is an emerging theme in proteomics and has elicited great interest, but their properties remain to be systematically characterized. To this end, we collected 193 PTM cross-talk pairs in 77 human proteins from the literature and then tested location preference and co-evolution at the residue and modification levels. We found that cross-talk events preferentially occurred among nearby PTM sites, especially in disordered protein regions, and cross-talk pairs tended to co-evolve. Given the properties of PTM cross-talk pairs, a naïve Bayes classifier integrating different features was built to predict cross-talks for pairwise combination of PTM sites. By using a 10-fold cross-validation, the integrated prediction model showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.833, superior to using any individual feature alone. The prediction performance was also demonstrated to be robust to the biases in the collected PTM cross-talk pairs. The integrated approach has the potential for large-scale prioritization of PTM cross-talk candidates for functional validation and was implemented as a web server available at http://bioinfo.bjmu.edu.cn/ptm-x/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhua Huang
- From the ‡Department of Biomedical Informatics, ‖MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; **European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bosen Xu
- §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Xueya Zhou
- ¶¶Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Li
- From the ‡Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - Ming Lu
- From the ‡Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - Rui Jiang
- ‖MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tingting Li
- From the ‡Department of Biomedical Informatics, ¶Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China;
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Ji X, Huang Q, Yu L, Nussinov R, Ma B. Bioinformatics study of cancer-related mutations within p53 phosphorylation site motifs. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13275-98. [PMID: 25075982 PMCID: PMC4159794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 protein has about thirty phosphorylation sites located at the N- and C-termini and in the core domain. The phosphorylation sites are relatively less mutated than other residues in p53. To understand why and how p53 phosphorylation sites are rarely mutated in human cancer, using a bioinformatics approaches, we examined the phosphorylation site and its nearby flanking residues, focusing on the consensus phosphorylation motif pattern, amino-acid correlations within the phosphorylation motifs, the propensity of structural disorder of the phosphorylation motifs, and cancer mutations observed within the phosphorylation motifs. Many p53 phosphorylation sites are targets for several kinases. The phosphorylation sites match 17 consensus sequence motifs out of the 29 classified. In addition to proline, which is common in kinase specificity-determining sites, we found high propensity of acidic residues to be adjacent to phosphorylation sites. Analysis of human cancer mutations in the phosphorylation motifs revealed that motifs with adjacent acidic residues generally have fewer mutations, in contrast to phosphorylation sites near proline residues. p53 phosphorylation motifs are mostly disordered. However, human cancer mutations within phosphorylation motifs tend to decrease the disorder propensity. Our results suggest that combination of acidic residues Asp and Glu with phosphorylation sites provide charge redundancy which may safe guard against loss-of-function mutations, and that the natively disordered nature of p53 phosphorylation motifs may help reduce mutational damage. Our results further suggest that engineering acidic amino acids adjacent to potential phosphorylation sites could be a p53 gene therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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14
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Li Z, Tu M, Han B, Gu Y, Xue X, Sun J, Ge Q, Miao Y, Qian Z, Gao W. Vasohibin 2 decreases the cisplatin sensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cell line by downregulating p53. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90358. [PMID: 24595063 PMCID: PMC3942424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent problem worldwide. Chemotherapy, especially cisplatin (CDDP)-based systemic chemotherapy, is the best option for advanced liver cancer. However, CDDP resistance is becoming common and hindering the clinical application of CDDP. Meanwhile, no consensus has been reached regarding the chemotherapeutic use of vasohibin 2 (VASH2), which promotes the angiogenesis and proliferation of cancer cells. In this work, a tissue microarray was used to observe VASH2 and its possible role in cancer treatment. Results showed that VASH2 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and was significantly correlated with cancer differentiation. To further investigate the efficacy and mechanism of the combination of VASH2 with anti-cancer drugs in liver cancer cells, we stably built VASH2 overexpression and knockdown cell lines. We found that VASH2 can influence the CDDP sensitivity and that the cell overexpression of VASH2 had a higher cell viability and lower apoptosis rate after CDDP exposure. We also observed that VASH2 overexpression downregulated wild-type p53, as well as suppressed the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BCL2-associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3 (CC-3) after treatment by CDDP. Conversely, the knockdown of VASH2 significantly inhibited these effects. In an in vivo chemosensitivity study, nude mice were subcutaneously injected with tumor cells and received CDDP treatment through intraperitoneal administration every 3 days. We found that VASH2 knockdown markedly limited the tumor growth and enhanced the CDDP toxicity and apoptosis of tumor cells. Western blot analysis revealed that tumor cells with downregulated VASH2 had a higher expression of wild-type p53, Bax, and CC-3 than control cells. Overall, our results indicated the novel roles of VASH2 in the chemoresistance of hepatocarcinoma cells to CDDP and suggested that VASH2 may be a promising anticancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Tu
- Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Taicang City First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Qianqian Ge
- Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuyin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (ZQ); (WG)
| | - Wentao Gao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (ZQ); (WG)
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15
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Nguyen TA, Menendez D, Resnick MA, Anderson CW. Mutant TP53 posttranslational modifications: challenges and opportunities. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:738-55. [PMID: 24395704 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The wild-type (WT) human p53 (TP53) tumor suppressor can be posttranslationally modified at over 60 of its 393 residues. These modifications contribute to changes in TP53 stability and in its activity as a transcription factor in response to a wide variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stresses in part through regulation of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. The TP53 gene frequently is mutated in cancers, and in contrast to most other tumor suppressors, the mutations are mostly missense often resulting in the accumulation of mutant (MUT) protein, which may have novel or altered functions. Most MUT TP53s can be posttranslationally modified at the same residues as in WT TP53. Strikingly, however, codons for modified residues are rarely mutated in human tumors, suggesting that TP53 modifications are not essential for tumor suppression activity. Nevertheless, these modifications might alter MUT TP53 activity and contribute to a gain-of-function leading to increased metastasis and tumor progression. Furthermore, many of the signal transduction pathways that result in TP53 modifications are altered or disrupted in cancers. Understanding the signaling pathways that result in TP53 modification and the functions of these modifications in both WT TP53 and its many MUT forms may contribute to more effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Ai Nguyen
- Chromosome Stability Section, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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16
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Aurora-A: a potential DNA repair modulator. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2831-6. [PMID: 24277377 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that overexpression of Aurora-A promotes tumorigenesis, but the role of Aurora-A in the development of cancer has not been fully investigated. Recent studies indicate that Aurora-A may confer cancer cell chemo- and radioresistance through dysregulation of cell cycle progression and DNA damage response. Direct evidences from literatures suggest that Aurora-A inhibits pRb, p53, p21(waf1/cip1), and p27(cip/kip) but enhances Plk1, CDC25, CDK1, and cyclin B1 to repeal cell cycle checkpoints and to promote cell cycle progression. Other studies indicate that Aurora-A suppresses BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51, poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP), and gamma-H2AX to dysregulate DNA damage response. Aurora-A may also interact with RAS and Myc to control DNA repair indirectly. In this review, we summarized the potential role of Aurora-A in DNA repair from the current literatures and concluded that Aurora-A may function as a DNA repair modulator to control cancer cell radio- and chemosensitivity, and that Aurora-A-associated DNA repair molecules may be considered for targeted cancer therapy.
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Abstract
Mitosis is tightly regulated and any errors in this process often lead to aneuploidy, genomic instability, and tumorigenesis. Deregulation of mitotic kinases is significantly associated with improper cell division and aneuploidy. Because of their importance during mitosis and the relevance to cancer, mitotic kinase signaling has been extensively studied over the past few decades and, as a result, several mitotic kinase inhibitors have been developed. Despite promising preclinical results, targeting mitotic kinases for cancer therapy faces numerous challenges, including safety and patient selection issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying mitotic kinase signaling and its interactive network. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor suppressor p53 functions at the center of the mitotic kinase signaling network. In response to mitotic spindle damage, multiple mitotic kinases phosphorylate p53 to either activate or deactivate p53-mediated signaling. p53 can also regulate the expression and function of mitotic kinases, suggesting the existence of a network of mutual regulation, which can be positive or negative, between mitotic kinases and p53 signaling. Therefore, deciphering this regulatory network will provide knowledge to overcome current limitations of targeting mitotic kinases and further improve the results of targeted therapy.
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