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Niu P, Tao Y, Meng Q, Huang Y, Li S, Ding K, Ma D, Ye Z, Fan M. Discovery of novel macrocyclic derivatives as potent and selective cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 104:117711. [PMID: 38583237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a member of CDK family of kinases (CDKs) that regulate the cell cycle. Its inopportune or over-activation leads to uncontrolled cell cycle progression and drives numerous types of cancers, especially ovarian, uterine, gastric cancer, as well as those associated with amplified CCNE1 gene. However, developing selective lead compound as CDK2 inhibitors remains challenging owing to similarities in the ATP pockets among different CDKs. Herein, we described the optimization of compound 1, a novel macrocyclic inhibitor targeting CDK2/5/7/9, aiming to discover more selective and metabolically stable lead compound as CDK2 inhibitor. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed for compound 1 and 9 to gain insights into the improved selectivity against CDK5. Further optimization efforts led to compound 22, exhibiting excellent CDK2 inhibitory activity, good selectivity over other CDKs and potent cellular effects. Based on these characterizations, we propose that compound 22 holds great promise as a potential lead candidate for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Niu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yanxin Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Qingyuan Meng
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yixing Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Shan Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Zu Ye
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Mengyang Fan
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
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2
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Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA, Koltai T. Genetic Signature of Human Pancreatic Cancer and Personalized Targeting. Cells 2024; 13:602. [PMID: 38607041 PMCID: PMC11011857 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a 5-year survival rate of around 11-12%. Surgery, being the treatment of choice, is only possible in 20% of symptomatic patients. The main reason is that when it becomes symptomatic, IT IS the tumor is usually locally advanced and/or has metastasized to distant organs; thus, early diagnosis is infrequent. The lack of specific early symptoms is an important cause of late diagnosis. Unfortunately, diagnostic tumor markers become positive at a late stage, and there is a lack of early-stage markers. Surgical and non-surgical cases are treated with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy, and the results are usually poor. However, personalized targeted therapy directed against tumor drivers may improve this situation. Until recently, many pancreatic tumor driver genes/proteins were considered untargetable. Chemical and physical characteristics of mutated KRAS are a formidable challenge to overcome. This situation is slowly changing. For the first time, there are candidate drugs that can target the main driver gene of pancreatic cancer: KRAS. Indeed, KRAS inhibition has been clinically achieved in lung cancer and, at the pre-clinical level, in pancreatic cancer as well. This will probably change the very poor outlook for this disease. This paper reviews the genetic characteristics of sporadic and hereditary predisposition to pancreatic cancer and the possibilities of a personalized treatment according to the genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Tomas Koltai
- Oncomed, Via Pier Capponi 6, 50132 Florence, Italy
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Athwal H, Kochiyanil A, Bhat V, Allan AL, Parsyan A. Centrosomes and associated proteins in pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1370565. [PMID: 38606093 PMCID: PMC11007099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1370565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide. Despite significant advances in treatment, it remains one of the leading causes of female mortality. The inability to effectively treat advanced and/or treatment-resistant breast cancer demonstrates the need to develop novel treatment strategies and targeted therapies. Centrosomes and their associated proteins have been shown to play key roles in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and thus represent promising targets for drug and biomarker development. Centrosomes are fundamental cellular structures in the mammalian cell that are responsible for error-free execution of cell division. Centrosome amplification and aberrant expression of its associated proteins such as Polo-like kinases (PLKs), Aurora kinases (AURKs) and Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have been observed in various cancers, including breast cancer. These aberrations in breast cancer are thought to cause improper chromosomal segregation during mitosis, leading to chromosomal instability and uncontrolled cell division, allowing cancer cells to acquire new genetic changes that result in evasion of cell death and the promotion of tumor formation. Various chemical compounds developed against PLKs and AURKs have shown meaningful antitumorigenic effects in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of action of these inhibitors is likely related to exacerbation of numerical genomic instability, such as aneuploidy or polyploidy. Furthermore, growing evidence demonstrates enhanced antitumorigenic effects when inhibitors specific to centrosome-associated proteins are used in combination with either radiation or chemotherapy drugs in breast cancer. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding the roles of centrosome and centrosome-associated proteins in breast cancer pathogenesis and their utility as novel targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot Athwal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Arpitha Kochiyanil
- Faculty of Science, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vasudeva Bhat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alison L. Allan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Armen Parsyan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, St. Joseph’s Health Care London and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
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4
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Evaluation of CDK9 Inhibition by Dinaciclib in Combination with Apoptosis Modulating izTRAIL for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030928. [PMID: 36979907 PMCID: PMC10045754 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for colorectal cancer (CRC), especially in advanced stages are still insufficient. There, the discovery of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was a bright spot. However, most cancers show resistance toward apoptotic signals. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression in most tissues. We recently demonstrated the role of CDK9 in mediating TRAIL resistance. In this work, we investigated the role of CDK9 in colorectal cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of CDK9 expression in cancer and normal tissues of CRC specimens was performed. The effect of selective CDK9 inhibition in combination with TRAIL on CRC cells was analyzed via cell viability, colony formation, and induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry. The mechanism of action was conducted via western blotting. We now have confirmed overexpression of CDK9 in cancer tissues, with low expression associated with poorer survival in a subset of CRC patients. In-vitro, CDK9 inhibition could strongly promote TRAIL-induced cell death in TRAIL-resistant CRC cells. Mechanistically, CDK9 inhibition induced apoptosis by downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins, myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein 1 (Mcl-1) and FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). Overall, we identified CDK9 as a prognostic marker and combined CDK9 inhibition and TRAIL as a novel and promising therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer.
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Molecular targets that sensitize cancer to radiation killing: From the bench to the bedside. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114126. [PMID: 36521246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a standard cytotoxic therapy against solid cancers. It uses ionizing radiation to kill tumor cells through damage to DNA, either directly or indirectly. Radioresistance is often associated with dysregulated DNA damage repair processes. Most radiosensitizers enhance radiation-mediated DNA damage and reduce the rate of DNA repair ultimately leading to accumulation of DNA damages, cell-cycle arrest, and cell death. Recently, agents targeting key signals in DNA damage response such as DNA repair pathways and cell-cycle have been developed. This new class of molecularly targeted radiosensitizing agents is being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies to monitor their activity in potentiating radiation cytotoxicity of tumors and reducing normal tissue toxicity. The molecular pathways of DNA damage response are reviewed with a focus on the repair mechanisms, therapeutic targets under current clinical evaluation including ATM, ATR, CDK1, CDK4/6, CHK1, DNA-PKcs, PARP-1, Wee1, & MPS1/TTK and potential new targets (BUB1, and DNA LIG4) for radiation sensitization.
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6
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Ning S, Wang H, Zeng C, Zhao Y. Prediction of allosteric druggable pockets of cyclin-dependent kinases. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6643454. [PMID: 35830869 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) proteins play crucial roles in the cell cycle progression and are thus attractive drug targets for therapy against such aberrant cell cycle processes as cancer. Since most of the available Cdk inhibitors target the highly conserved catalytic ATP pocket and their lack of specificity often lead to side effects, it is imperative to identify and characterize less conserved non-catalytic pockets capable of interfering with the kinase activity allosterically. However, a systematic analysis of these allosteric druggable pockets is still in its infancy. Here, we summarize the existing Cdk pockets and their selectivity. Then, we outline a network-based pocket prediction approach (NetPocket) and illustrate its utility for systematically identifying the allosteric druggable pockets with case studies. Finally, we discuss potential future directions and their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangbo Ning
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Chen Zeng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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7
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Lei P, Zhang J, Liao P, Ren C, Wang J, Wang Y. Current progress and novel strategies that target CDK12 for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114603. [PMID: 35868123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CDK12 is a cyclin-dependent kinase that plays critical roles in DNA replication, transcription, mRNA splicing, and DNA damage repair. CDK12 genomic changes, including mutation, amplification, deletion, and fusion, lead to various cancers, such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer. An increasing number of CDK12 inhibitors have been reported since CDK12 was identified as a biomarker and cancer therapeutic target. A major challenge lies in that CDK12 and CDK13 share highly similar sequences, which leads to great difficulties in the development of highly selective CDK12 inhibitors. In recent years, great efforts were made in developing selective CDK12 blockers. Techniques including PROTAC and molecular glue degraders were also applied to facilitate their development. Also, the drug combination strategy of CDK12 small molecule inhibitors were studied. This review discusses the latest studies on CDK12 inhibitors and analyzes their structure-activity relationships, shedding light on their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiyu Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Design and Synthesis of a Novel 4-aryl-N-(2-alkoxythieno [2,3-b]pyrazine-3-yl)-4-arylpiperazine-1-carboxamide DGG200064 Showed Therapeutic Effect on Colon Cancer through G2/M Arrest. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050502. [PMID: 35631329 PMCID: PMC9143821 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by an abnormal cell cycle. Therefore, the cell cycle has been a potential target for cancer therapeutic agents. We developed a new lead compound, DGG200064 (7c) with a 2-alkoxythieno [2,3-b]pyrazine-3-yl)-4-arylpiperazine-1-carboxamide core skeleton. To evaluate its properties, compound DGG200064 was tested in vivo through a xenograft mouse model of colorectal cancer using HCT116 cells. The in vivo results showed high cell growth inhibition efficacy. Our results confirmed that the newly synthesized DGG200064 inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells by inducing G2/M arrest. Unlike the known cell cycle inhibitors, DGG200064 (GI50 = 12 nM in an HCT116 cell-based assay) induced G2/M arrest by selectively inhibiting the interaction of FBXW7 and c-Jun proteins. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of the lead compounds were analyzed. Based on the results of the study, we suggested further development of DGG200064 as a novel oral anti-colorectal cancer drug.
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9
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Ma Y, Sender S, Sekora A, Kong W, Bauer P, Ameziane N, Krake S, Radefeldt M, Al-Ali R, Weiss FU, Lerch MM, Parveen A, Zechner D, Junghanss C, Murua Escobar H. Inhibitory Response to CK II Inhibitor Silmitasertib and CDKs Inhibitor Dinaciclib Is Related to Genetic Differences in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4409. [PMID: 35457227 PMCID: PMC9031017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase II (CK2) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) frequently interact within multiple pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Application of CK2- and CDK-inhibitors have been considered as a therapeutic option, but are currently not part of routine chemotherapy regimens. We investigated ten PDAC cell lines exposed to increasing concentrations of silmitasertib and dinaciclib. Cell proliferation, metabolic activity, biomass, and apoptosis/necrosis were evaluated, and bioinformatic clustering was used to classify cell lines into sensitive groups based on their response to inhibitors. Furthermore, whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted to assess recurrent mutations and the expression profile of inhibitor targets and genes frequently mutated in PDAC, respectively. Dinaciclib and silmitasertib demonstrated pronounced and limited cell line specific effects in cell death induction, respectively. WES revealed no genomic variants causing changes in the primary structure of the corresponding inhibitor target proteins. RNA-Seq demonstrated that the expression of all inhibitor target genes was higher in the PDAC cell lines compared to non-neoplastic pancreatic tissue. The observed differences in PDAC cell line sensitivity to silmitasertib or dinaciclib did not depend on target gene expression or the identified gene variants. For the PDAC hotspot genes kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) and tumor protein p53 (TP53), three and eight variants were identified, respectively. In conclusion, both inhibitors demonstrated in vitro efficacy on the PDAC cell lines. However, aberrations and expression of inhibitor target genes did not appear to affect the efficacy of the corresponding inhibitors. In addition, specific aberrations in TP53 and KRAS affected the efficacy of both inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Ma
- Department of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (Y.M.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (W.K.); (P.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Sina Sender
- Department of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (Y.M.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (W.K.); (P.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Anett Sekora
- Department of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (Y.M.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (W.K.); (P.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Weibo Kong
- Department of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (Y.M.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (W.K.); (P.B.); (C.J.)
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- Department of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (Y.M.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (W.K.); (P.B.); (C.J.)
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.A.); (S.K.); (M.R.); (R.A.-A.)
| | - Najim Ameziane
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.A.); (S.K.); (M.R.); (R.A.-A.)
- Arcensus GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Susann Krake
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.A.); (S.K.); (M.R.); (R.A.-A.)
| | - Mandy Radefeldt
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.A.); (S.K.); (M.R.); (R.A.-A.)
| | - Ruslan Al-Ali
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.A.); (S.K.); (M.R.); (R.A.-A.)
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (F.U.W.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (F.U.W.); (M.M.L.)
- LMU Munich University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alisha Parveen
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (Y.M.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (W.K.); (P.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (Y.M.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (W.K.); (P.B.); (C.J.)
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10
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Ciraku L, Bacigalupa ZA, Ju J, Moeller RA, Le Minh G, Lee RH, Smith MD, Ferrer CM, Trefely S, Izzo LT, Doan MT, Gocal WA, D’Agostino L, Shi W, Jackson JG, Katsetos CD, Wellen KE, Snyder NW, Reginato MJ. O-GlcNAc transferase regulates glioblastoma acetate metabolism via regulation of CDK5-dependent ACSS2 phosphorylation. Oncogene 2022; 41:2122-2136. [PMID: 35190642 PMCID: PMC9410282 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) preferentially generate acetyl-CoA from acetate as a fuel source to promote tumor growth. O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to be elevated by increasing O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in many cancers and reduced O-GlcNAcylation can block cancer growth. Here, we identify a novel mechanism whereby OGT regulates acetate-dependent acetyl-CoA and lipid production by regulating phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). OGT is required and sufficient for GBM cell growth and regulates acetate conversion to acetyl-CoA and lipids. Elevating O-GlcNAcylation in GBM cells increases phosphorylation of ACSS2 on Ser-267 in a CDK5-dependent manner. Importantly, we show that ACSS2 Ser-267 phosphorylation regulates its stability by reducing polyubiquitination and degradation. ACSS2 Ser-267 is critical for OGT-mediated GBM growth as overexpression of ACSS2 Ser-267 phospho-mimetic rescues growth in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we show that pharmacologically targeting OGT and CDK5 reduces GBM growth ex vivo. Thus, the OGT/CDK5/ACSS2 pathway may be a way to target altered metabolic dependencies in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorela Ciraku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA,These authors contributed equally: Lorela Ciraku, Zachary A. Bacigalupa
| | - Zachary A. Bacigalupa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA,These authors contributed equally: Lorela Ciraku, Zachary A. Bacigalupa
| | - Jing Ju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Moeller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Giang Le Minh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Rusia H. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Michael D. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Christina M. Ferrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Luke T. Izzo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mary T. Doan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Wiktoria A. Gocal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Luca D’Agostino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Wenyin Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Joshua G. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Christos D. Katsetos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mauricio J. Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA,Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Mauricio J. Reginato.
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11
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Hou J, He Z, Liu T, Chen D, Wang B, Wen Q, Zheng X. Evolution of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Novel Opportunities Identified by CRISPR-Cas9 Screening. Front Oncol 2022; 12:755053. [PMID: 35372044 PMCID: PMC8970599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.755053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy has revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment due to better therapeutic responses and less systemic toxicity. However, therapeutic resistance is a major challenge in clinical settings that hinders continuous clinical benefits for cancer patients. In this regard, unraveling the mechanisms of drug resistance may identify new druggable genetic alterations for molecularly targeted therapies, thus contributing to improved therapeutic efficacies. The recent rapid development of novel methodologies including CRISPR-Cas9 screening technology and patient-derived models provides powerful tools to dissect the underlying mechanisms of resistance to targeted cancer therapies. In this review, we updated therapeutic targets undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation for various cancer types. More importantly, we provided comprehensive elaboration of high throughput CRISPR-Cas9 screening in deciphering potential mechanisms of unresponsiveness to molecularly targeted therapies, which will shed light on the discovery of novel opportunities for designing next-generation anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zongsheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zheng, ; Qinglian Wen, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zheng, ; Qinglian Wen, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Zheng, ; Qinglian Wen, ; Bin Wang,
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12
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Shaikh J, Patel K, Khan T. Advances in Pyrazole Based Scaffold as Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:1197-1215. [PMID: 34711160 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666211027104957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of a normal cell into a tumor cell is one of the initial steps in cell cycle deregulation. The cell cycle is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that belong to the protein kinase family. CDK2 is an enchanting target for specific genotypes tumors since cyclin E is selective for CDK2 and the deregulation of specific cancer forms. Thus, CDKs inhibitor specifically CDK2/cyclin A-E has the potential to be a valid cancer target as per the currently undergoing clinical trials. Mostly pyrazole scaffolds have shown selectivity and potency for CDK2 inhibitors. This review demonstrates pyrazole and pyrazole fused with other heterocyclic rings for anti-proliferative activity. Based on the in vitro and molecular docking studies, the IC50 value of various hybrids is revealed to display the most potent analogs for CDK2 inhibition. Thus, the review emphasizes various lead analogs of pyrazole hybrids which can be found to be very potent and selective for anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahara Shaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM'S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-56. India
| | - Kavitkumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM'S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-56. India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM'S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-56. India
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13
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Cyclin Dependent Kinase-1 (CDK-1) Inhibition as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174389. [PMID: 34503199 PMCID: PMC8430873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of CDK1 in PDAC onset and development is two-fold. Firstly, since CDK1 activity regulates the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint, overexpression of CDK1 can lead to progression into mitosis even in cells with DNA damage, a potentially tumorigenic process. Secondly, CDK1 overexpression leads to the stimulation of a range of proteins that induce stem cell properties, which can contribute to the development of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs promote tumor-initiation and metastasis and play a crucial role in the development of PDAC. Targeting CDK1 showed promising results for PDAC treatment in different preclinical models, where CDK1 inhibition induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and led to induction of apoptosis. Next to this, PDAC CSCs are uniquely sensitive to CDK1 inhibition. In addition, targeting of CDK1 has shown potential for combination therapy with both ionizing radiation treatment and conventional chemotherapy, through sensitizing tumor cells and reducing resistance to these treatments. To conclude, CDK1 inhibition induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, stimulates apoptosis, and specifically targets CSCs, which makes it a promising treatment for PDAC. Screening of patients for CDK1 overexpression and further research into combination treatments is essential for optimizing this novel targeted therapy.
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14
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Chu Q, Wang L, Zhang J, Wang W, Wang Y. CDK5 positively regulates Notch1 signaling in pancreatic cancer cells by phosphorylation. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3689-3699. [PMID: 33960694 PMCID: PMC8178504 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The marked overexpression of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) or Notch1 receptor, which plays critical roles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development, has been detected in numerous PDAC cell lines and tissues. Although, a previous study has demonstrated that CDK5 inhibition disrupts Notch1 functions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the mechanism underlying Notch1 activation regulated by CDK5 remains unclear. Herein, we identified a physical interaction between CDK5 and Notch1 in PDAC cells, with the Notch1 peptide phosphorylated by CDK5/p25 kinase. CDK5 blockade resulted in the profound inhibition of Notch signaling. Accordingly, CDK5 inhibition sensitized PDAC cell proliferation and migration following Notch inhibition. In conclusion, CDK5 positively regulates Notch1 function via phosphorylation, which in turn promotes cell proliferation and migration. The combinational inhibition of CDK5 and Notch signaling may be an effective strategy in the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Wang
- Core Facilities for Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Riess C, Koczan D, Schneider B, Linke C, Del Moral K, Classen CF, Maletzki C. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors exert distinct effects on patient-derived 2D and 3D glioblastoma cell culture models. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:54. [PMID: 33723248 PMCID: PMC7961149 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic approaches have met limited clinical success for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Since GBM harbors genomic alterations in cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), targeting these structures with specific inhibitors (CDKis) is promising. Here, we describe the antitumoral potential of selective CDKi on low-passage GBM 2D- and 3D models, cultured as neurospheres (NSCs) or glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). By applying selective CDK4/6i abemaciclib and palbociclib, and the more global CDK1/2/5/9-i dinaciclib, different effects were seen. Abemaciclib and dinaciclib significantly affected viability in 2D- and 3D models with clearly visible changes in morphology. Palbociclib had weaker and cell line-specific effects. Motility and invasion were highly affected. Abemaciclib and dinaciclib additionally induced senescence. Also, mitochondrial dysfunction and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were seen. While autophagy was predominantly visible after abemaciclib treatment, dinaciclib evoked γ-H2AX-positive double-strand breaks that were boosted by radiation. Notably, dual administration of dinaciclib and abemaciclib yielded synergistic effects in most cases, but the simultaneous combination with standard chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) was antagonistic. RNA-based microarray analysis showed that gene expression was significantly altered by dinaciclib: genes involved in cell-cycle regulation (different CDKs and their cyclins, SMC3), mitosis (PLK1, TTK), transcription regulation (IRX3, MEN1), cell migration/division (BCAR1), and E3 ubiquitination ligases (RBBP6, FBXO32) were downregulated, whereas upregulation was seen in genes mediating chemotaxis (CXCL8, IL6, CCL2), and DNA-damage or stress (EGR1, ARC, GADD45A/B). In a long-term experiment, resistance development was seen in 1/5 cases treated with dinaciclib, but this could be prevented by abemaciclib. Vice versa, adding TMZ abrogated therapeutic effects of dinaciclib and growth was comparable to controls. With this comprehensive analysis, we confirm the therapeutic activity of selective CDKi in GBM. In addition to the careful selection of individual drugs, the timing of each combination partner needs to be considered to prevent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Riess
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Medicine Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Core Facility for Microarray Analysis, Institute for Immunology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, Strempelstraße 14, 18055 Rostock, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Charlotte Linke
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Del Moral
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carl Friedrich Classen
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Department of Medicine Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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16
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Advani D, Sharma S, Kumari S, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Precision Oncology, Signaling and Anticancer Agents in Cancer Therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:433-468. [PMID: 33687887 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210308101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global alliance for genomics and healthcare facilities provides innovational solutions to expedite research and clinical practices for complex and incurable health conditions. Precision oncology is an emerging field explicitly tailored to facilitate cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment based on patients' genetic profile. Advancements in "omics" techniques, next-generation sequencing, artificial intelligence and clinical trial designs provide a platform for assessing the efficacy and safety of combination therapies and diagnostic procedures. METHOD Data were collected from Pubmed and Google scholar using keywords: "Precision medicine", "precision medicine and cancer", "anticancer agents in precision medicine" and reviewed comprehensively. RESULTS Personalized therapeutics including immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, serve as a groundbreaking solution for cancer treatment. Herein, we take a measurable view of precision therapies and novel diagnostic approaches targeting cancer treatment. The contemporary applications of precision medicine have also been described along with various hurdles identified in the successful establishment of precision therapeutics. CONCLUSION This review highlights the key breakthroughs related to immunotherapies, targeted anticancer agents, and target interventions related to cancer signaling mechanisms. The success story of this field in context to drug resistance, safety, patient survival and in improving quality of life is yet to be elucidated. We conclude that, in the near future, the field of individualized treatments may truly revolutionize the nature of cancer patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Sudhanshu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
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17
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CDK12: a potential therapeutic target in cancer. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2257-2267. [PMID: 33038524 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 12 engages in diversified biological functions, from transcription, post-transcriptional modification, cell cycle, and translation to cellular proliferation. Moreover, it regulates the expression of cancer-related genes involved in DNA damage response (DDR) and replication, which are responsible for maintaining genomic stability. CDK12 emerges as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different cellular contexts, where its dysregulation results in tumorigenesis. Current CDK12 inhibitors are nonselective, which impedes the process of pharmacological target validation and drug development. Herein, we discuss the latest understanding of the biological roles of CDK12 in cancers and provide molecular analyses of CDK12 inhibitors to guide the rational design of selective inhibitors.
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18
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Murphy AG, Zahurak M, Shah M, Weekes CD, Hansen A, Siu LL, Spreafico A, LoConte N, Anders NM, Miles T, Rudek MA, Doyle LA, Nelkin B, Maitra A, Azad NS. A Phase I Study of Dinaciclib in Combination With MK-2206 in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:1178-1188. [PMID: 32738099 PMCID: PMC7719383 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of drugs targeting Ral and PI3K/AKT signaling has antitumor efficacy in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. We combined dinaciclib (small molecule cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor with MK-2206 (Akt inhibitor) in patients with previously treated/metastatic pancreatic cancer. Patients were treated with dinaciclib (6-12 mg/m2 i.v.) and MK-2206 (60-135 mg p.o.) weekly. Tumor biopsies were performed to measure pAKT, pERK, and Ki67 at baseline and after one completed cycle (dose level 2 and beyond). Thirty-nine patients participated in the study. The maximum tolerated doses were dinaciclib 9 mg/m2 and MK-2206 135 mg. Treatment-related grade 3 and 4 toxicities included neutropenia, lymphopenia, anemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, and leukopenia. No objectives responses were observed. Four patients (10%) had stable disease as their best response. At the recommended dose, median survival was 2.2 months. Survival rates at 6 and 12 months were 11% and 5%, respectively. There was a nonsignificant reduction in pAKT composite scores between pretreatment and post-treatment biopsies (mean 0.76 vs. 0.63; P = 0.635). The combination of dinaciclib and MK-2206 was a safe regimen in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, although without clinical benefit, possibly due to not attaining biologically effective doses. Given the strong preclinical evidence of Ral and AKT inhibition, further studies with better tolerated agents should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian G Murphy
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marianna Zahurak
- Department of Oncology, Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mirat Shah
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Aaron Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian L Siu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noelle LoConte
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicole M Anders
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Analytical Pharmacology Core, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tearra Miles
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Analytical Pharmacology Core, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L Austin Doyle
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Barry Nelkin
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nilofer S Azad
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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19
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Eresen A, Yang J, Shangguan J, Li Y, Hu S, Sun C, Yaghmai V, Benson III AB, Zhang Z. Prediction of therapeutic outcome and survival in a transgenic mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with dendritic cell vaccination or CDK inhibitor using MRI texture: a feasibility study. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:2201-2211. [PMID: 32509212 PMCID: PMC7270001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of a well-established approach for assessment of early treatment outcomes for modern therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) e.g. dinaciclib or dendritic cell (DC) vaccination. Here, we developed multivariate models using MRI texture features to detect treatment effects following dinaciclib drug or DC vaccine therapy in a transgenic mouse model of PDAC including 21 LSL-KrasG12D ; LSL-Trp53R172H ; Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) mice used as untreated control subjects (n=8) or treated with dinaciclib (n=7) or DC vaccine (n=6). Support vector machines (SVM) technique was performed to build a linear classifier with three variables for detection of tumor tissue changes following drug or vaccine treatments. Besides, multivariate regression models were generated with five variables to predict survival behavior and histopathological tumor markers (Fibrosis, CK19, and Ki67). The diagnostic performance was evaluated using accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analyses. The regression models were evaluated with adjusted r-squared (Radj 2). SVM classifier successfully distinguished changes in tumor tissue with an accuracy of 95.24% and AUC of 0.93. The multivariate models generated with five variables were strongly associated with histopathological tumor markers, fibrosis (Radj 2=0.82, P<0.001), CK19 (Radj 2=0.92, P<0.001) and Ki67 (Radj 2=0.97, P<0.001). Furthermore, the multivariate regression model successfully predicted survival of KPC mice by interpreting tumor characteristics from MRI data (Radj 2=0.91, P<0.001). The results demonstrated that MRI texture features had great potential to generate diagnosis and prognosis models for monitoring early treatment response following dinaciclib drug or DC vaccine treatment and also predicting histopathological tumor markers and long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Eresen
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Junjie Shangguan
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Su Hu
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Vahid Yaghmai
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
| | - Al B Benson III
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
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20
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Yang J, Hu S, Shangguan J, Eresen A, Li Y, Ma Q, Yaghmai V, Benson III AB, Zhang Z. Dinaciclib prolongs survival in the LSL-KrasG12D/+ ; LSL-Trp53R172H/+ ; Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) transgenic murine models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1031-1043. [PMID: 32269732 PMCID: PMC7137051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dinaciclib is a small molecule cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor with the potential to treat multiple cancers. To better understand its cytotoxic action in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we evaluated dinaciclib therapeutic effects in the transgenic mouse model (LSL-KrasG12D/+ ; LSL-Trp53R172H/+ ; Pdx-1-Cre mice; KPC mice). Tumor growth and microenvironment were dynamically monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dinaciclib therapy significantly delayed tumor progression (P < 0.001) and prolonged survival (P = 0.007) in KPC mice. In vitro assays showed that dinaciclib exerted antiproliferative effects on PDAC cells by increasing surface calreticulin expression and release of ATP. Dinaciclib treatment inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in KPC tumor as assessed by Ki67 and cleaved caspase 3, respectively. Particularly, the tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells were increased after dinaciclib treatment in KPC mice. Additionally, the mean apparent diffusion coefficient values of KPC tumor calculated from diffusion weighted MR images were significantly lower after dinaciclib treatment (P = 0.033). These finding suggest that dinaciclib as a single agent can inhibit tumor growth and improve the overall survival in KPC mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Su Hu
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Shangguan
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Aydin Eresen
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanhong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Vahid Yaghmai
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Al B Benson III
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
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21
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Sun J, Russell CC, Scarlett CJ, McCluskey A. Small molecule inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:164-183. [PMID: 33479626 PMCID: PMC7433757 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00447e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), with a 5 year survival of <7%, is one of the most fatal of all human cancers. The highly aggressive and metastatic character of this disease poses a challenge that current therapies are failing, despite significant efforts, to meet. This review examines the current status of the 35 small molecule inhibitors targeting pancreatic cancer in clinical trials and the >50 currently under investigation. These compounds inhibit biological targets spanning protein kinases, STAT3, BET, HDACs and Bcl-2 family proteins. Unsurprisingly, protein kinase inhibitors are overrepresented. Some trials show promise; a phase I combination trial of vorinostat 11 and capecitabine 17 gave a median overall survival (MoS) of 13 months and a phase II study of pazopanib 15 showed a MoS of 25 months. The current standard of care for metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, fluorouracil/folic acid (5-FU, Adrucil®), and gemcitabine (GEMZAR®) afforded a MoS of 23 and 23.6 months (EPAC-3 study), respectively. In patients who can tolerate the FOLFIRINOX regime, this is becoming the standard of treatment with a MoS of 11.1 months. Clinical study progress has been slow with limited improvement in patient survival relative to gemcitabine 1 monotherapy. A major cause of low PC survival is the late stage of diagnosis, occurring in patients who consider typical early stage warning signs of aches and pains normal. The selection of patients with specific disease phenotypes, the use of improved efficient drug combinations, the identification of biomarkers to specific cancer subtypes and more effective designs of investigation have improved outcomes. To move beyond the current dire condition and paucity of PC treatment options, determination of the best regimes and new treatment options is a challenge that must be met. The reasons for poor PC prognosis have remained largely unchanged for 20 years. This is arguably a consequence of significant changes in the drug discovery landscape, and the increasing pressure on academia to deliver short term 'media' friendly short-term news 'bites'. PC research sits at a pivotal point. Perhaps the greatest challenge is enacting a culture change that recognises that major breakthroughs are a result of blue sky, truly innovative and curiosity driven research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufeng Sun
- Chemistry , School of Environmental & Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 249216486
- Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmacy , Binzhou Medical University , Yantai , 264003 , China
| | - Cecilia C Russell
- Chemistry , School of Environmental & Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 249216486
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- Applied Sciences , School of Environmental & Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Ourimbah NSW 2258 , Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry , School of Environmental & Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 249216486
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22
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PES1 promotes BET inhibitors resistance and cells proliferation through increasing c-Myc expression in pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:463. [PMID: 31718704 PMCID: PMC6852745 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Overexpressed PES1 promotes carcinogenesis in various types of malignant tumors. However, the biological role and clinical significance of PES1 in pancreatic cancer are still unexplored. Methods The expression level of PES1 in pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic cancer patient samples was determined using Western Blotting analysis, RT-qPCR analysis, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of tissue microarray, and the GEPIA web tool. MTS assay, colony formation assay, and xenograft tumor assay were used to evaluate the tumor growth ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Results We established that the expression of PES1 was abnormally increased in pancreatic cancer tissues and led to poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. We also found that PES1 was responsible for promoting cell growth and contributed to bromodomain and cancer cell resistance to extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we showed that PES1 interacted with BRD4 to enhance c-Myc expression, which is the primary cause of cancer cell resistance to BET inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. Finally, CDK5 inhibitors were proven to destabilize PES1 and overcome cancer cell resistance to BET inhibitors in pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusions We have shown that PES1 could be one of the promoting factors of tumor growth and a prognosis-related protein of pancreatic cancer. Targeting PES1 with CDK5 inhibitors might help overcome cancer cell resistance to BET inhibitors in pancreatic cancer cells.
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23
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Shao YY, Li YS, Hsu HW, Lin H, Wang HY, Wo RR, Cheng AL, Hsu CH. Potent Activity of Composite Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibition against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101433. [PMID: 31561409 PMCID: PMC6827105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in cell cycle regulators are common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We tested the efficacy of composite inhibition of CDKs 1, 2, 5, and 9 through dinaciclib on HCC. In vitro, dinaciclib exhibited potent antiproliferative activities in HCC cell lines regardless of Rb or c-myc expression levels. Dinaciclib significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of Rb (target of CDKs 1 and 2), ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (target of CDK5), and RNA polymerase II (target of CDK9) in the HCC cells. In xenograft studies, mice receiving dinaciclib tolerated the treatment well without significant body weight changes and exhibited a significantly slower tumor growth rate than the mice receiving vehicles. RNA interference (RNAi) of CDKs 1 and 9 was more effective in inhibiting the cell proliferation of HCC cells than RNAi of CDKs 2 and 5. Overexpression of CDK9 significantly reduced the efficacy of dinaciclib in HCC cells, but overexpression of CDK1 did not. In conclusion, composite inhibition of CDKs 1, 2, 5, and 9 through dinaciclib exhibited potent in vitro and in vivo activity against HCC. CDK9 inhibition might be the crucial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yun Shao
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Yong-Shi Li
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Wei Hsu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Rita Robin Wo
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
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24
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Accumulated cytotoxicity of CDK inhibitor dinaciclib with first-line chemotherapy drugs in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. Odontology 2019; 108:300-311. [PMID: 31529315 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is one of the most common salivary gland malignant tumors. Its treatment failure is partly due to the limitations of chemotherapeutic agents and their adverse effects. The objective of this study was to determine the potential additive anti-cancer effect of a novel CDK inhibitor dinaciclib with first-line chemotherapy drugs in ACC. Protein expression of phosphorylated CDK2 (p-CDK2) in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of ACC from 17 patients was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8), clone formation assay, and flow cytometry were used to test the proliferation and apoptosis of ACC-2 cells treated with dinaciclib with or without other first-line chemotherapy drugs. Protein expression was also determined by Western blot. Interestingly, we discovered that p-CDK2 protein was expressed in both cytoplasmic and nucleus in salivary ACC tissues, which was higher than that in normal salivary tissues, indicating that agents targeting CDK2 may be potential therapeutic strategies against this type of tumor. As expected, CDK inhibitor dinaciclib significantly induced ACC-2 cells apoptosis. Moreover, it sensitized cells to the chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, pemetrexed, and etoposide (VP-16), and this effect by dinaciclib may induce cell cycle arrest via abrogating CDK2 activity. Therefore, combinational therapy of CDK inhibitor dinaciclib with first-line chemotherapy drugs may be a promising strategy in the treatment of salivary ACC.
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25
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Design, synthesis and molecular docking of novel pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine derivatives as CDK2 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103239. [PMID: 31513938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin Dependent Kinases CDKs unpredictable activity has been accounted for a wide assortment of human malignancies, so it might be conceivable to design pharmacologically relevant ligands that go about as specific and potent inhibitors of CDK2 action. In this respect, a series of novel pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for CDK2 enzyme inhibitory and anticancer activity. Compounds 9f and 10c showed best CDK2 inhibition among the newly synthesized compounds, with percent inhibition at 82.38%, and 81.96% against CDK2 and IC50 of 1.85 and 2.09 µM, respectively. Additionally, the newly synthesized compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity against 60 NCI cell lines. Molecular docking revealed the binding mode of these new compounds into the roscovitine binding site of CDK2 enzyme (PDB code: 3ddq). Conclusively, pyrazolotriazine derivatives represent a talented starting point for further study as anticancer drug.
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26
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Alkhilaiwi F, Paul S, Zhou D, Zhang X, Wang F, Palechor-Ceron N, Wilson K, Guha R, Ferrer M, Grant N, Thomas C, Schlegel R, Yuan H. High-throughput screening identifies candidate drugs for the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2019; 8:100181. [PMID: 31446060 PMCID: PMC6723410 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign neoplasm of the larynx caused mainly by human papillomavirus type 6 or 11 and its standard treatment involves repeated surgical debulking of the laryngeal tumors. However, significant morbidity and occasional mortality due to multiple recurrences occur. Conditional reprogramming (CR) was used to establish a HPV-6 positive culture from an RRP patient, named GUMC-403. High-throughput screening was performed at the National Center for Advanced Technology (NCATS) to identify potential drugs to treat this rare but morbid disease. GUMC-403 cells were screened against the NPC library of >2800 approved drugs and the MIPE library of >1900 investigational drugs to identify new uses for FDA-approved drugs or drugs that have undergone significant research and development. From the two libraries, we identified a total of 13 drugs that induced significant cytotoxicity in RRP cells at IC50 values that were clinically achievable. We validated the efficacy of the drugs in vitro using CR 2D and 3D models and further refined our list of drugs to panobinostat, dinaciclib and forskolin as potential therapies for RRP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alkhilaiwi
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA; Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA; College of Pharmacy, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siddartha Paul
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Feibai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Nancy Palechor-Ceron
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kelli Wilson
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Nazaneen Grant
- Department of Otolaryngology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Craig Thomas
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
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27
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Hou J, Liu H, Zhang S, Liu X, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Wang X. Mechanism of toxic effects of Nano-ZnO on cell cycle of zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:206-213. [PMID: 31078877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The release of nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) into the environment may lead to unpredictable risks, thus it is necessary to study its potential harm to organisms. In this study, zebrafish exposed to nano-ZnO were analyzed through cDNA microarrays to provide insight into the toxic effect of nano-ZnO on aquatic organisms at the molecular level. Results found that nano-ZnO inhibited the normal growth and development of zebrafish and other life activities by affecting the process of cell cycle. The nano-ZnO inhibited the expression of the cyclins (Cycs), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and the minichromosome maintenance (MCM), making the activation of Cyc/CDK complexs (CycD/CDK4, 6; CycE/CDK2; CycA/CDK2) and MCM fail and resulting in DNA replication disorder in different periods (G1, M and G2 phase). Therefore, the normal activities of individual organism such as cell division, differentiation and proliferation and the functions of DNA binding and intracellular transfer were disturbed. These findings contribute to our understanding of the toxicity of ZnO NPs to aquatic organisms, and also provide an evaluation basis for assessing the environmental impact of nano materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Haiqiang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsaedi
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiangke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
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28
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EF24 Suppresses Cholangiocellular Carcinoma Progression, Inhibits STAT3 Phosphorylation, and Induces Apoptosis via ROS-Mediated Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:8701824. [PMID: 30949204 PMCID: PMC6425401 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8701824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic options for advanced stage cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) are very limited as of today and patients carry an exceptionally poor overall prognosis. In recent years, increasing evidence has been accumulated to suggest that malignant cells widely show increased intrinsic ROS levels and exhibit altered redox profiles as compared to normal counterparts, opening up potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. This study provides preclinical experimental evidence of therapeutic activity of the curcumin analog EF24 in cholangiocarcinoma models. In CCC cell lines, EF24 inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis through excessive ROS generation. Moreover, administration of EF24 led to depletion of total intracellular GSH levels, induced mitochondrial depolarization, and abrogated STAT3 phosphorylation. Of interest, these effects were readily averted by treating the cells with exogenous antioxidants such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or glutathione monoethyl ester (GEE). In vivo, EF24, solubilized using a cyclodextrin formulation, significantly suppressed the growth of tumor xenografts without exhibiting any toxic adverse effects. Immunohistochemical analysis of extracted tumor tissues demonstrated reduced nuclear staining for Ki-67 and downregulation of phospho-STAT3 as well as strong staining for oxidative stress biomarker 8-OHdG. Therefore, the data presented here suggest EF24 as potential therapeutic compound against CCC which might act at least to some extent through ROS-induced oxidative damage, subsequently inducing apoptosis. Further evaluation of this approach should be carried out in future follow-up studies.
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29
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Pancreatic Progenitors and Organoids as a Prerequisite to Model Pancreatic Diseases and Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9301382. [PMID: 30930950 PMCID: PMC6410438 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9301382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are characterized by their unique capacity to stepwise differentiate towards any particular cell type in an adult organism. Pluripotent stem cells provide a beneficial platform to model hereditary diseases and even cancer development. While the incidence of pancreatic diseases such as diabetes and pancreatitis is increasing, the understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of particular diseases remains limited. Only a few recent publications have contributed to the characterization of human pancreatic development in the fetal stage. Hence, most knowledge of pancreatic specification is based on murine embryology. Optimizing and understanding current in vitro protocols for pancreatic differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs constitutes a prerequisite to generate functional pancreatic cells for better disease modeling and drug discovery. Moreover, human pancreatic organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells, organ-restricted stem cells, and tumor samples provide a powerful technology to model carcinogenesis and hereditary diseases independent of genetically engineered mouse models. Herein, we summarize recent advances in directed differentiation of pancreatic organoids comprising endocrine cell types. Beyond that, we illustrate up-and-coming applications for organoid-based platforms.
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30
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Bisht S, Feldmann G. Animal models for modeling pancreatic cancer and novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:127-142. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1566319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Savita Bisht
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Feldmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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31
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Ducreux M, Seufferlein T, Van Laethem JL, Laurent-Puig P, Smolenschi C, Malka D, Boige V, Hollebecque A, Conroy T. Systemic treatment of pancreatic cancer revisited. Semin Oncol 2018; 46:28-38. [PMID: 30638624 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is considered to be one of the most aggressive cancers. For unknown reasons, the incidence of pancreatic cancer is slowly rising and so too are mortality rates. Over 75% of patients are diagnosed with locally advanced disease or with metastases; and more than 95% of patients have metastases at diagnosis or will develop metastases during their follow-up. Despite recent improvements in the therapy of pancreatic cancer, initially with demonstration of the activity of the FOLFIRINOX regimen and subsequently the approval of nab-paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine, prognosis remains poor and the 5-year survival rate is less than 5%. To date, neither personalized medicine nor immunotherapy, the 2 recent revolutions of cancer treatment, have delivered major positive results in the treatment of pancreatic cancer; and it is especially clear that immune checkpoint inhibitors will not become a major tool in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. There are many ongoing studies, including those exploring combinations of chemotherapy with immunotherapy. Vaccines or T cells modified with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T cells) could also play a role in the treatment of cancer in the future. The aim of this review is to discuss recent improvements in standard of care, major obstacles to overcome, recent results of new treatment combinations, and the most interesting innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Ducreux
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center Grand Paris, Université Paris Saclay, France.
| | | | - Jean-Luc Van Laethem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive oncology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Biology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Smolenschi
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center Grand Paris, France
| | - David Malka
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center Grand Paris, France
| | - Valérie Boige
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center Grand Paris, France
| | - Antoine Hollebecque
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center Grand Paris, France; Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center Grand Paris, France
| | - Thierry Conroy
- Département d'oncologie médicale, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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32
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Tadesse S, Caldon EC, Tilley W, Wang S. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: An Update. J Med Chem 2018; 62:4233-4251. [PMID: 30543440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) drives the progression of cells into the S- and M-phases of the cell cycle. CDK2 activity is largely dispensable for normal development, but it is critically associated with tumor growth in multiple cancer types. Although the role of CDK2 in tumorigenesis has been controversial, emerging evidence proposes that selective CDK2 inhibition may provide a therapeutic benefit against certain tumors, and it continues to appeal as a strategy to exploit in anticancer drug development. Several small-molecule CDK2 inhibitors have progressed to the clinical trials. However, a CDK2-selective inhibitor is yet to be discovered. Here, we discuss the latest understandings of the role of CDK2 in normal and cancer cells, review the core pharmacophores used to target CDK2, and outline strategies for the rational design of CDK2 inhibitors. We attempt to provide an outlook on how CDK2-selective inhibitors may open new avenues for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tadesse
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development , University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute , Adelaide , SA 5000 , Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Caldon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre , Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst , NSW 2010 , Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine , UNSW Sydney , Darlinghurst , NSW 2010 , Australia
| | - Wayne Tilley
- Adelaide Medical School , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , SA 5000 , Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development , University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute , Adelaide , SA 5000 , Australia
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33
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Ideno N, Yamaguchi H, Ghosh B, Gupta S, Okumura T, Steffen DJ, Fisher CG, Wood LD, Singhi AD, Nakamura M, Gutkind JS, Maitra A. GNAS R201C Induces Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms in Mice That Express Activated KRAS by Inhibiting YAP1 Signaling. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1593-1607.e12. [PMID: 30142336 PMCID: PMC6219919 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mutations at hotspots in GNAS, which encodes stimulatory G-protein, α subunits, are detected in approximately 60% of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas. We generated mice with KRAS-induced IPMNs that also express a constitutively active form of GNAS in pancreas and studied tumor development. METHODS We generated p48-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D; Rosa26R-LSL-rtTA-TetO-GnasR201C mice (Kras;Gnas mice); pancreatic tissues of these mice express activated KRAS and also express a mutant form of GNAS (GNASR201C) upon doxycycline administration. Mice that were not given doxycycline were used as controls, and survival times were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Pancreata were collected at different time points after doxycycline administration and analyzed by histology. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) were isolated from mice and used to generate cell lines, which were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and colony formation and invasion assays. Full-length and mutant forms of yes-associated protein (YAP) were expressed in PDAC cells. IPMN specimens were obtained from 13 patients with IPMN undergoing surgery and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All Kras;Gnas mice developed pancreatic cystic lesions that resemble human IPMNs; the grade of epithelial dysplasia increased with time. None of the control mice developed cystic lesions. Approximately one third of Kras;Gnas mice developed PDACs at a median of 30 weeks after doxycycline administration, whereas 33% of control mice developed PDACs. Expression of GNASR201C did not accelerate the development of PDACs compared with control mice. However, the neoplasms observed in Kras;Gnas mice were more differentiated, and expressed more genes associated with ductal phenotypes, than in control mice. PDACs isolated from Kras;Gnas mice had activation of the Hippo pathway; in cells from these tumors, phosphorylated YAP1 was sequestered in the cytoplasm, and this was also observed in human IPMNs with GNAS mutations. Sequestration of YAP1 was not observed in PDAC cells from control mice. CONCLUSIONS In mice that express activated KRAS in the pancreas, we found expression of GNASR201C to cause development of more differentiated tumors, with gene expression pattern associated with the ductal phenotype. Expression of mutant GNAS caused phosphorylated YAP1 to be sequestered in the cytoplasm, altering tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Ideno
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Bidyut Ghosh
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Takashi Okumura
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Dana J Steffen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Catherine G Fisher
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Baltimore 21287, USA
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Baltimore 21287, USA,Department of Oncology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Baltimore 21287, USA
| | - Aatur D. Singhi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15260, USA
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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34
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García-Reyes B, Kretz AL, Ruff JP, von Karstedt S, Hillenbrand A, Knippschild U, Henne-Bruns D, Lemke J. The Emerging Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3219. [PMID: 30340359 PMCID: PMC6214075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) has critical functions in cell cycle regulation and controlling of transcriptional elongation. Moreover, dysregulated CDKs have been linked to cancer initiation and progression. Pharmacological CDK inhibition has recently emerged as a novel and promising approach in cancer therapy. This idea is of particular interest to combat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a cancer entity with a dismal prognosis which is owed mainly to PDAC's resistance to conventional therapies. Here, we review the current knowledge of CDK biology, its role in cancer and the therapeutic potential to target CDKs as a novel treatment strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbina García-Reyes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Anna-Laura Kretz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Jan-Philipp Ruff
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hillenbrand
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Johannes Lemke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Zoranovic T, Manent J, Willoughby L, Matos de Simoes R, La Marca JE, Golenkina S, Cuiping X, Gruber S, Angjeli B, Kanitz EE, Cronin SJF, Neely GG, Wernitznig A, Humbert PO, Simpson KJ, Mitsiades CS, Richardson HE, Penninger JM. A genome-wide Drosophila epithelial tumorigenesis screen identifies Tetraspanin 29Fb as an evolutionarily conserved suppressor of Ras-driven cancer. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007688. [PMID: 30325918 PMCID: PMC6203380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in the small GTPase Ras contribute to ~30% of human cancers. However, Ras mutations alone are insufficient for tumorigenesis, therefore it is paramount to identify cooperating cancer-relevant signaling pathways. We devised an in vivo near genome-wide, functional screen in Drosophila and discovered multiple novel, evolutionarily-conserved pathways controlling Ras-driven epithelial tumorigenesis. Human gene orthologs of the fly hits were significantly downregulated in thousands of primary tumors, revealing novel prognostic markers for human epithelial tumors. Of the top 100 candidate tumor suppressor genes, 80 were validated in secondary Drosophila assays, identifying many known cancer genes and multiple novel candidate genes that cooperate with Ras-driven tumorigenesis. Low expression of the confirmed hits significantly correlated with the KRASG12 mutation status and poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Among the novel top 80 candidate cancer genes, we mechanistically characterized the function of the top hit, the Tetraspanin family member Tsp29Fb, revealing that Tsp29Fb regulates EGFR signaling, epithelial architecture and restrains tumor growth and invasion. Our functional Drosophila screen uncovers multiple novel and evolutionarily conserved epithelial cancer genes, and experimentally confirmed Tsp29Fb as a key regulator of EGFR/Ras induced epithelial tumor growth and invasion. Cancer involves the cooperative interaction of many gene mutations. The Ras signaling pathway is upregulated in many human cancers, but upregulated Ras signaling alone is not sufficient to induce malignant tumors. We have undertaken a genome-wide genetic screen using a transgenic RNAi library in the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to identify tumor suppressor genes that cooperate with the Ras oncogene (RasV12) in conferring overgrown invasive tumors. We stratified the hits by analyzing the expression of human orthologs of these genes in human epithelial cancers, revealing genes that were strongly downregulated in human cancer. By conducting secondary genetic interaction tests, we validated 80 of the top 100 genes. Pathway analysis of these genes revealed that 55 fell into known pathways involved in human cancer, whereas 25 were unique genes. We then confirmed the tumor suppressor properties of one of these genes, Tsp29Fb, encoding a Tetraspanin membrane protein, and showed that Tsp29Fb functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting Ras signaling and by maintaining epithelial cell polarity. Altogether, our study has revealed novel Ras-cooperating tumor suppressors in Drosophila and suggests that these genes may also be involved in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zoranovic
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Manent
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lee Willoughby
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ricardo Matos de Simoes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John E. La Marca
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofya Golenkina
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xia Cuiping
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Gruber
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Belinda Angjeli
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Eva Kanitz
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shane J. F. Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - G. Gregory Neely
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
- The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaylene J. Simpson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Center for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Constantine S. Mitsiades
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Helena E. Richardson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (HER); (JMP)
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (HER); (JMP)
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Bisht S, Feldmann G. Novel Targets in Pancreatic Cancer Therapy - Current Status and Ongoing Translational Efforts. Oncol Res Treat 2018; 41:596-602. [PMID: 30269126 DOI: 10.1159/000493437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC, pancreatic cancer) carries one of the poorest overall prognoses of all human malignancies known to date. Despite the introduction of novel therapeutic regimens, the outcome has not markedly improved over the past decades, the incidence rates are almost identical to the mortality rates, and PDAC is projected to soon become the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in Western countries. Despite this clear medical need to develop novel therapeutic strategies against this dire malady, this need has so far not been addressed with sufficient institutional attention and support in terms of research funding and strategical programs. Given the still growing life expectancy and projected demographic changes with a growing proportion of senior citizens in many European societies, this discrepancy is likely to become even more pressing in the future. This article provides a brief overview of ongoing preclinical efforts to identify novel targets and, based on this, to develop novel strategies to treat advanced pancreatic cancer and improve survival and the quality of life of patients suffering from this malignancy.
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Tang H, Xu L, Liang X, Gao G. Low dose dinaciclib enhances doxorubicin-induced senescence in myeloma RPMI8226 cells by transformation of the p21 and p16 pathways. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6608-6614. [PMID: 30405800 PMCID: PMC6202540 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that lacks a cure. However, novel combination therapy is a current anti-MM strategy. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a type of anthracycline which is a first-line chemotherapeutic for treating MM and induces senescence in many types of cancer. Dinaciclib is a potent, small molecule CDK inhibitor with promise for treating several types of cancer in I/II phase clinical trials. In the present study the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of dinaciclib combined with DOX in MM RPMI-8226 cells were investigated. Results indicated that DOX induced cell viability inhibition, cell cycle arrest and senescence. Furthermore, DOX resulted in increased alterations in DNA damage-related proteins such as p-ATM, p-Chk2, p-p53, p21 and γH2AX, but not p16. Notably, the combination of dinaciclib and DOX inhibited cell growth and promoted senescence by transforming the suppressive effects of the ATM/Chk2/p53/p21 signaling pathway and enhancing the p16 signaling pathway. Thus, low-dose dinaciclib enhanced anti-MM effects mediated by DOX via transformation of p21-p16 signaling pathways, leading to accelerated senescence, but not apoptosis. The present findings suggest this approach may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Tang
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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38
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Overexpression of CBX3 in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Promotes Cell Cycle Transition-Associated Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061768. [PMID: 29903985 PMCID: PMC6032220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that Chromobox protein homolog 3 (CBX3) was overexpressed in several types of human cancers, however its pattern and role in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) has not yet been understood. The aim of this study was to identify the expression and function of CBX3 in PAAD. METHODS Data of transcriptomic and protein expression of CBX3 in PAAD were collected from different databases and analyzed. The in vitro and in vivo role of CBX3 in PAAD was examined. RESULTS CBX3 was overexpressed in human PAAD tissues, which was associated with poor prognosis of overall and disease-free survival of the patients. Overexpression of CBX3 induced the in vitro proliferation, anchorage-free growth, migration and invasion of the PAAD cells, and led to in vivo growth of orthotoptic PAAD tumors in mice. GO and KEGG pathway analysis, as well as experimental observation showed that CBX3 may be associated with cell cycle transition of PAAD cells, and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) may mediate the tumor-promoting action of CBX3. CDK1 knockdown attenuated the cell cycle transition, proliferation and invasion of CBX3-overexpressing PAAD cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the tumor-promoting role of CBX3 in PAAD to be targeted by novel therapeutic strategies.
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Zhang Y, Yang C, Cheng H, Fan Z, Huang Q, Lu Y, Fan K, Luo G, Jin K, Wang Z, Liu C, Yu X. Novel agents for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: emerging therapeutics and future directions. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:14. [PMID: 29386069 PMCID: PMC5793409 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) associated with chemoresistance has not changed for the past three decades. A multidisciplinary diagnosis followed by surgery and chemo(radiation)therapy is the main treatment approach. However, gemcitabine- and 5-fluorouracil-based therapies did not present satisfying outcomes. Novel regimens targeting pancreatic cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment, and immunosuppression are emerging. Biomarkers concerning the treatment outcome and patient selection are being discovered in preclinical or clinical studies. Combination therapies of classic chemotherapeutic drugs and novel agents or novel therapeutic combinations might bring hope to the dismal prognosis for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyao Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengshi Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Cdk5 is an atypical cyclin-dependent kinase that is well characterized for its role in the central nervous system rather than in the cell cycle. However Cdk5 has been recently implicated in the development and progression of a variety of cancers including breast, lung, colon, pancreatic, melanoma, thyroid and brain tumors. This broad pro-tumorigenic role makes Cdk5 a promising drug target for the development of new cancer therapies. Here we review the contribution of Cdk5 to molecular mechanisms that confer upon tumors the ability to grow, proliferate and disseminate to secondary organs, as well as resistance to chemotherapies. We subsequently discuss existing and new strategies for targeting Cdk5 and its downstream mechanisms as anti-cancer treatments.
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Castro-Gamero AM, Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS, Tone LG. G2/M inhibitors as pharmacotherapeutic opportunities for glioblastoma: the old, the new, and the future. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:354-374. [PMID: 30766748 PMCID: PMC6372908 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest tumors and has a median survival of 3 months if left untreated. Despite advances in rationally targeted pharmacological approaches, the clinical care of GBM remains palliative in intent. Since the majority of altered signaling cascades involved in cancer establishment and progression eventually affect cell cycle progression, an alternative approach for cancer therapy is to develop innovative compounds that block the activity of crucial molecules needed by tumor cells to complete cell division. In this context, we review promising ongoing and future strategies for GBM therapeutics aimed towards G2/M inhibition such as anti-microtubule agents and targeted therapy against G2/M regulators like cyclin-dependent kinases, Aurora inhibitors, PLK1, BUB, 1, and BUBR1, and survivin. Moreover, we also include investigational agents in the preclinical and early clinical settings. Although several drugs were shown to be gliotoxic, most of them have not yet entered therapeutic trials. The use of either single exposure or a combination with novel compounds may lead to treatment alternatives for GBM patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Mauricio Castro-Gamero
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Biotechnology and Innovation in Health Program and Pharmacy Program, Anhanguera University São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), São Paulo 05145-200, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
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42
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Zhang P, Kawakami H, Liu W, Zeng X, Strebhardt K, Tao K, Huang S, Sinicrope FA. Targeting CDK1 and MEK/ERK Overcomes Apoptotic Resistance in BRAF-Mutant Human Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:378-389. [PMID: 29233910 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The BRAFV600E mutation occurs in approximately 8% of human colorectal cancers and is associated with therapeutic resistance that is due, in part, to reactivation of MEK/ERK signaling cascade. Recently, pathway analysis identified cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) upregulation in a subset of human BRAFV600E colorectal cancers. Therefore, it was determined whether CDK1 antagonism enhances the efficacy of MEK inhibition in BRAFV600E colorectal cancer cells. BRAFV600E colorectal cancer cell lines expressing CDK1 were sensitized to apoptosis upon siRNA knockdown or small-molecule inhibition with RO-3306 (CDK1 inhibitor) or dinaciclib (CDK1, 2, 5, 9 inhibitors). Combination of RO-3306 or dinaciclib with cobimetinib (MEK inhibitor) cooperatively enhanced apoptosis and reduced clonogenic survival versus monotherapy. Cells isogenic or ectopic for BRAFV600E displayed resistance to CDK1 inhibitors, as did cells with ectopic expression of constitutively active MEK CDK1 inhibitors induced a CASP8-dependent apoptosis shown by caspase-8 restoration in deficient NB7 cells that enhanced dinaciclib-induced CASP3 cleavage. CDK inhibitors suppressed pro-CASP8 phosphorylation at S387, as shown by drug withdrawal, which restored p-S387 and increased mitosis. In a colorectal cancer xenograft model, dinaciclib plus cobimetinib produced significantly greater tumor growth inhibition in association with a caspase-dependent apoptosis versus either drug alone. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) transcriptomic dataset revealed overexpression of CDK1 in human colorectal cancers versus normal colon. Together, these data establish CDK1 as a novel mediator of apoptosis resistance in BRAFV600E colorectal cancers whose combined targeting with a MEK/ERK inhibitor represents an effective therapeutic strategy.Implications: CDK1 is a novel mediator of apoptosis resistance in BRAFV600E colorectal cancers whose dual targeting with a MEK inhibitor may be therapeutically effective. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 378-89. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hisato Kawakami
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengbing Huang
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Frank A Sinicrope
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. .,Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
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43
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Allaway RJ, Fischer DA, de Abreu FB, Gardner TB, Gordon SR, Barth RJ, Colacchio TA, Wood M, Kacsoh BZ, Bouley SJ, Cui J, Hamilton J, Choi JA, Lange JT, Peterson JD, Padmanabhan V, Tomlinson CR, Tsongalis GJ, Suriawinata AA, Greene CS, Sanchez Y, Smith KD. Genomic characterization of patient-derived xenograft models established from fine needle aspirate biopsies of a primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and from patient-matched metastatic sites. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17087-102. [PMID: 26934555 PMCID: PMC4941373 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-of-1 trials target actionable mutations, yet such approaches do not test genomically-informed therapies in patient tumor models prior to patient treatment. To address this, we developed patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies (FNA-PDX) obtained from primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at the time of diagnosis. Here, we characterize PDX models established from one primary and two metastatic sites of one patient. We identified an activating KRAS G12R mutation among other mutations in these models. In explant cells derived from these PDX tumor models with a KRAS G12R mutation, treatment with inhibitors of CDKs (including CDK9) reduced phosphorylation of a marker of CDK9 activity (phospho-RNAPII CTD Ser2/5) and reduced viability/growth of explant cells derived from PDAC PDX models. Similarly, a CDK inhibitor reduced phospho-RNAPII CTD Ser2/5, increased apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth in FNA-PDX and patient-matched metastatic-PDX models. In summary, PDX models can be constructed from FNA biopsies of PDAC which in turn can enable genomic characterization and identification of potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Allaway
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Dawn A Fischer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Francine B de Abreu
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Timothy B Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Stuart R Gordon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Richard J Barth
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Thomas A Colacchio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Matthew Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Current location: Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Balint Z Kacsoh
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Stephanie J Bouley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jingxuan Cui
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Joanna Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jungbin A Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Joshua T Lange
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jason D Peterson
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Gregory J Tsongalis
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Arief A Suriawinata
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Casey S Greene
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03756, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Yolanda Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Kerrington D Smith
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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44
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Bistrović A, Harej A, Grbčić P, Sedić M, Kraljević Pavelić S, Cetina M, Raić-Malić S. Synthesis and Anti-Proliferative Effects of Mono- and Bis-Purinomimetics Targeting Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112292. [PMID: 29104242 PMCID: PMC5713262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of mono-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 4a-4k, unsymmetrical bis-purine isosteres 5a-5e and symmetrical bis-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 6a and 6b connected via di(1,2,3-triazolyl)phenyl linker were synthesized by click chemistry. Whereas mono- 4g and bis-pseudopurine 5e showed selective inhibitory activities on cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells, bis-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine 6b exhibited potent and selective anti-proliferative effect in the nanomolar range on pancreatic carcinoma (CFPAC-1) cells. Among these, compound 6b induced a significant reduction in the expression level of CDK9 (cyclin-dependent kinase 9)/cyclin T1 in CFPAC-1 cells concomitant with attenuation of proliferative signaling mediated by c-Raf (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) and p38 MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinases. Our findings encourage further development of novel structurally related analog of 6b to obtain more selective anticancer agent for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bistrović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anja Harej
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for High-Throughput Technologies, University of Rijeka, Ulica Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Petra Grbčić
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for High-Throughput Technologies, University of Rijeka, Ulica Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Mirela Sedić
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for High-Throughput Technologies, University of Rijeka, Ulica Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for High-Throughput Technologies, University of Rijeka, Ulica Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Mario Cetina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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45
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Keretsu S, Balasubramanian PK, Bhujbal SP, Cho SJ. Receptor-guided 3D-Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship and Docking Studies of 6-Substituted 2-Arylaminopurines as CDK2 Kinase Inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seketoulie Keretsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Swapnil Pandurang Bhujbal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
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46
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Mita MM, Mita AC, Moseley JL, Poon J, Small KA, Jou YM, Kirschmeier P, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Statkevich P, Sankhala KK, Sarantopoulos J, Cleary JM, Chirieac LR, Rodig SJ, Bannerji R, Shapiro GI. Phase 1 safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib administered every three weeks in patients with advanced malignancies. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1258-1268. [PMID: 28859059 PMCID: PMC5672931 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dinaciclib is a potent inhibitor of cell cycle and transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases. This Phase 1 study evaluated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of various dosing schedules of dinaciclib in advanced solid tumour patients and assessed pharmacodynamic and preliminary anti-tumour activity. Methods: In part 1, patients were enrolled in escalating cohorts of 2-h infusions administered once every 3 weeks, utilising an accelerated titration design until a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was defined. In part 2, 8- and 24-h infusions were evaluated. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for all schedules. Pharmacodynamic effects were assessed with an ex vivo stimulated lymphocyte proliferation assay performed in whole blood. Effects of dinaciclib on retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation and other CDK targets were evaluated in skin and tumour biopsies. In addition to tumour size, metabolic response was evaluated by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. Results: Sixty-one patients were enrolled to parts 1 and 2. The RP2Ds were 50, 7.4 and 10.4 mg m−2 as 2- 8- and 24-hour infusions, respectively. Dose-limiting toxicities included pancytopenia, neutropenic fever, elevated transaminases, hyperuricemia and hypotension. Pharmacokinetics demonstrated rapid distribution and a short plasma half-life. Dinaciclib suppressed proliferation of stimulated lymphocytes. In skin and tumour biopsies, dinaciclib reduced Rb phosphorylation at CDK2 phospho-sites and modulated expression of cyclin D1 and p53, suggestive of CDK9 inhibition. Although there were no RECIST responses, eight patients had prolonged stable disease and received between 6 and 30 cycles. Early metabolic responses occurred. Conclusions: Dinaciclib is tolerable at doses demonstrating target engagement in surrogate and tumour tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Mita
- Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center at University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Alain C Mita
- Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center at University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jennifer L Moseley
- Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center at University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Da Zhang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yali Zhu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | - Kamelesh K Sankhala
- Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center at University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John Sarantopoulos
- Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center at University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - James M Cleary
- Early Drug Development Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lucian R Chirieac
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Early Drug Development Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Ge Y, Lei W, Ma Y, Wang Y, Wei B, Chen X, Ru G, He X, Mou X, Wang S. Synergistic antitumor effects of CDK inhibitor SNS‑032 and an oncolytic adenovirus co‑expressing TRAIL and Smac in pancreatic cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3521-3528. [PMID: 28440486 PMCID: PMC5436152 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy using oncolytic adenoviruses is a novel approach for human cancer therapeutics. The current study aimed to investigate whether the combined use of an adenovirus expressing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) upon caspase activation (ZD55-TRAIL-IETD-Smac) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor SNS-032 will synergistically reinforce their anti-pancreatic cancer activities. The experiments in vitro demonstrated that SNS-032 enhances ZD55-TRAIL-IETD-Smac-induced apoptosis and causes marked pancreatic cancer cell death. Western blot assays suggested that the SNS-032 intensified ZD55-TRAIL-IETD-Smac-induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by affecting anti-apoptotic signaling elements, including CDK-2, CDK-9, Mcl-1 and XIAP. Additionally, animal experiments further confirmed that the combination of SNS-032 and ZD55-TRAIL-IETD-Smac significantly inhibited the growth of BxPC-3 pancreatic tumor xenografts. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that SNS-032 sensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells to ZD55-TRAIL-IETD-Smac-induced cell death in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that combined treatment with SNS-032 and ZD55-TRAIL-IETD-Smac could represent a rational approach for anti-pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yingyu Ma
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Wang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Buyun Wei
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Ru
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xianglei He
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Shibing Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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48
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Lin SF, Lin JD, Hsueh C, Chou TC, Wong RJ. A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, dinaciclib in preclinical treatment models of thyroid cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172315. [PMID: 28207834 PMCID: PMC5312924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We explored the therapeutic effects of dinaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Materials and methods Seven cell lines originating from three pathologic types of thyroid cancer (papillary, follicular and anaplastic) were studied. The cytotoxicity of dinaciclib was measured using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. The expression of proteins associated with cell cycle and apoptosis was assessed using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle distribution was measured by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis and caspase-3 activity were measured by flow cytometry and fluorometric assay. Mice bearing flank anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) were treated with intraperitoneal injections of dinaciclib. Results Dinaciclib inhibited thyroid cancer cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Dinaciclib had a low median-effect dose (≤ 16.0 nM) to inhibit cell proliferation in seven thyroid cancer cell lines. Dinaciclib decreased CDK1, cyclin B1, and Aurora A expression, induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and induced accumulation of prophase mitotic cells. Dinaciclib decreased Mcl-1, Bcl-xL and survivin expression, activated caspase-3 and induced apoptosis. In vivo, the growth of ATC xenograft tumors was retarded in a dose-dependent fashion with daily dinaciclib treatment. Higher-dose dinaciclib (50 mg/kg) caused slight, but significant weight loss, which was absent with lower-dose dinaciclib (40 mg/kg) treatment. Conclusions Dinaciclib inhibited thyroid cancer proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. These findings support dinaciclib as a potential drug for further studies in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with refractory thyroid cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclic N-Oxides
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Indolizines
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyridinium Compounds/pharmacology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chao Chou
- Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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49
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Abstract
Mutations in cancer cells frequently result in cell cycle alterations that lead to unrestricted growth compared to normal cells. Considering this phenomenon, many drugs have been developed to inhibit different cell-cycle phases. Mitotic phase targeting disturbs mitosis in tumor cells, triggers the spindle assembly checkpoint and frequently results in cell death. The first anti-mitotics to enter clinical trials aimed to target tubulin. Although these drugs improved the treatment of certain cancers, and many anti-microtubule compounds are already approved for clinical use, severe adverse events such as neuropathies were observed. Since then, efforts have been focused on the development of drugs that also target kinases, motor proteins and multi-protein complexes involved in mitosis. In this review, we summarize the major proteins involved in the mitotic phase that can also be targeted for cancer treatment. Finally, we address the activity of anti-mitotic drugs tested in clinical trials in recent years.
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50
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Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled tumour cell proliferation resulting from aberrant activity of various cell cycle proteins. Therefore, cell cycle regulators are considered attractive targets in cancer therapy. Intriguingly, animal models demonstrate that some of these proteins are not essential for proliferation of non-transformed cells and development of most tissues. By contrast, many cancers are uniquely dependent on these proteins and hence are selectively sensitive to their inhibition. After decades of research on the physiological functions of cell cycle proteins and their relevance for cancer, this knowledge recently translated into the first approved cancer therapeutic targeting of a direct regulator of the cell cycle. In this Review, we focus on proteins that directly regulate cell cycle progression (such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)), as well as checkpoint kinases, Aurora kinases and Polo-like kinases (PLKs). We discuss the role of cell cycle proteins in cancer, the rationale for targeting them in cancer treatment and results of clinical trials, as well as the future therapeutic potential of various cell cycle inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Otto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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