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Garza-Morales R, Yaddanapudi K, Perez-Hernandez R, Riedinger E, McMasters KM, Shirwan H, Yolcu E, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Gomez-Gutierrez JG. Temozolomide renders murine cancer cells susceptible to oncolytic adenovirus replication and oncolysis. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:188-197. [PMID: 29252087 PMCID: PMC5836815 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1416274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The preclinical evaluation of oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) has been limited to cancer xenograft mouse models because OAds replicate poorly in murine cancer cells. The alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) has been shown to enhance oncolytic virotherapy in human cancer cells; therefore, we investigated whether TMZ could increase OAd replication and oncolysis in murine cancer cells. To test our hypothesis, three murine cancer cells were infected with OAd (E1b-deleted) alone or in combination with TMZ. TMZ increased OAd-mediated oncolysis in all three murine cancer cells tested. This increased oncolysis was, at least in part, due to productive virus replication, apoptosis, and autophagy induction. Most importantly, murine lung non-cancerous cells were not affected by OAd+TMZ. Moreover, TMZ increased Ad transduction efficiency. However, TMZ did not increase coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor; therefore, other mechanism could be implicated on the transduction efficiency. These results showed, for the first time, that TMZ could render murine tumor cells more susceptible to oncolytic virotherapy. The proposed combination of OAds with TMZ presents an attractive approach towards the evaluation of OAd potency and safety in syngeneic mouse models using these murine cancer cell-lines in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Garza-Morales
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr, MD, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L. México
| | - Kavitha Yaddanapudi
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rigoberto Perez-Hernandez
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr, MD, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric Riedinger
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr, MD, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kelly M. McMasters
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr, MD, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Esma Yolcu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L. México
| | - Jorge G. Gomez-Gutierrez
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr, MD, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Egger ME, McNally LR, Nitz J, McMasters KM, Gomez-Gutierrez JG. Adenovirus-mediated FKHRL1/TM sensitizes melanoma cells to apoptosis induced by temozolomide. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2015; 25:186-95. [PMID: 25238278 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2014.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma exhibits variable resistance to the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). We evaluated the potential of adenovirus expressing forkhead human transcription factor like 1 triple mutant (Ad-FKHRL1/TM) to sensitize melanoma cells to TMZ. Four melanoma cell lines were treated with Ad-FKHRL1/TM and TMZ, alone or in combination. Apoptosis was assessed by activation and inhibition of caspase pathway, nuclei fragmentation, and annexin V staining. The potential therapeutic efficacy of Ad-FKHRL1/TM with TMZ was also assessed in a mouse melanoma xenograft model. Combination therapy of Ad-FKHRL1/TM and TMZ resulted in greater cell killing (<20% cell viability) compared with single therapy and controls (p<0.05). Combination indices of Ad-FKHRL1/TM and TMZ therapy indicated significant (p<0.05) synergistic killing effect. Greater apoptosis induction was found in cells treated with Ad-FKHRL1/TM and TMZ than with Ad-FKHRL1/TM or TMZ-treated cells alone. Treatment with TMZ enhanced adenovirus transgene expression in a cell type-dependent manner. In an in vivo model, combination therapy of Ad-FKHRL1/TM with TMZ results in greater tumor growth reduction in comparison with single treatments. We suggest that Ad-FKHRL1/TM is a promising vector to sensitize melanoma cells to TMZ, and that a combination of both approaches would be effective in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Egger
- 1 The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, KY 40292
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