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Elechalawar CK, Gulla SK, Roy RV, Means N, Zhang Y, Asifa S, Robertson DJ, Xu C, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of a gold nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery system against pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 589:216810. [PMID: 38494151 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by desmoplasia; crosstalk between pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) leads to the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in the tumor environment resulting in poor vascularity. Targeting either PCCs or PSCs individually has produced mixed results, and there is currently no effective strategy to target both cell types simultaneously. Previously, we demonstrated, through in vitro cell culture experiments, that a specific gold nanoparticle-based nanoformulation containing the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (C225) as a targeting agent and gemcitabine as a chemotherapeutic agent effectively targets both PCCs and PSCs simultaneously. Herein, we extend our studies to test the ability of these in vitro tested nano formulations to inhibit tumor growth in an orthotopic co-implantation model of pancreatic cancer in vivo. Orthotopic tumors were established by co-implantation of equal numbers of PCCs and PSCs in the mouse pancreas. Among the various formulations tested, 5 nm gold nanoparticles coated with gemcitabine, cetuximab and poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) of molecular weight 1000 Da, which we named ACGP441000, demonstrated optimal efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth. The current study reveals an opportunity to target PCCs and PSCs simultaneously, by exploiting their overexpression of EGFR as a target, in order to inhibit pancreatic cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kumar Elechalawar
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Gulla
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Nicolas Means
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sima Asifa
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - David J Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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2
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Lau R, Yu L, Roumeliotis TI, Stewart A, Pickard L, Riisanes R, Gurel B, de Bono JS, Choudhary JS, Banerji U. Unbiased differential proteomic profiling between cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cell lines. J Proteomics 2023; 288:104973. [PMID: 37481068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of tumors. We aimed to profile the proteome of cancer cell lines representing three common cancer types (lung, colorectal and pancreatic) and a representative CAF cell line from each tumor type to gain insight into CAF function and novel CAF biomarkers. We used isobaric labeling, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to evaluate the proteome of 9 cancer and 3 CAF cell lines. Of the 9460 proteins evaluated, functional enrichment analysis revealed an upregulation of N-glycan biosynthesis and extracellular matrix proteins in CAFs. 85 proteins had 16-fold higher expression in CAFs compared to cancer cells, including previously known CAF markers like fibroblast activation protein (FAP). Novel overexpressed CAF biomarkers included heat shock protein β-6 (HSPB6/HSP20) and cyclooxygenase 1 (PTGS1/COX1). SiRNA knockdown of the genes encoding these proteins did not reduce contractility in lung CAFs, suggesting they were not crucial to this function. Immunohistochemical analysis of 30 tumor samples (10 lung, 10 colorectal and 10 pancreatic) showed restricted HSPB6 and PTGS1 expression in the stroma. Therefore, we describe an unbiased differential proteome analysis of CAFs compared to cancer cells, which revealed higher expression of HSPB6 and PTGS1 in CAFs. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD040360). SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are highly abundant stromal cells present in tumors. CAFs are known to influence tumor progression and drug resistance. Characterizing the proteome of CAFs could give potential insights into new stromal drug targets and biomarkers. Mass spectrometry-based analysis comparing proteomic profiles of CAFs and cancers characterized 9460 proteins of which 85 proteins had 16-fold higher expression in CAFs compared to cancer cells. Further interrogation of this rich resource could provide insight into the function of CAFs and could reveal putative stromal targets. We describe for the first time that heat shock protein β-6 (HSPB6/HSP20) and cyclooxygenase 1 (PTGS1/COX1) are overexpressed in CAFs compared to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lau
- Clinical Pharmacology and Adaptive Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom.
| | - Lu Yu
- Functional Proteomics group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros I Roumeliotis
- Functional Proteomics group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Stewart
- Clinical Pharmacology and Adaptive Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Pickard
- Clinical Pharmacology and Adaptive Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Riisanes
- Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Bora Gurel
- Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom.
| | - Udai Banerji
- Clinical Pharmacology and Adaptive Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom.
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3
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Kehrberg RJ, Bhyravbhatla N, Batra SK, Kumar S. Epigenetic regulation of cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188901. [PMID: 37120098 PMCID: PMC10375465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a significant component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), contribute to cancer progression through the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, and metabolites. It is now well recognized that CAFs are a heterogenous population with ablation experiments leading to reduced tumor growth and single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrating CAF subgroups. CAFs lack genetic mutations yet substantially differ from their normal stromal precursors. Here, we review epigenetic changes in CAF maturation, focusing on DNA methylation and histone modifications. DNA methylation changes in CAFs have been demonstrated globally, while roles of methylation at specific genes affect tumor growth. Further, loss of CAF histone methylation and gain of histone acetylation has been shown to promote CAF activation and tumor promotion. Many CAF activating factors, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), lead to these epigenetic changes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as targets and orchestrators of epigenetic modifications that influence gene expression. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET), an epigenetic reader, recognizes histone acetylation and activates the transcription of genes leading to the pro-tumor phenotype of CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Kehrberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Namita Bhyravbhatla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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4
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Chhabra Y, Weeraratna AT. Fibroblasts in cancer: Unity in heterogeneity. Cell 2023; 186:1580-1609. [PMID: 37059066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells do not exist in isolation in vivo, and carcinogenesis depends on the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of a myriad of cell types and biophysical and biochemical components. Fibroblasts are integral in maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, even before a tumor develops, pro-tumorigenic fibroblasts in close proximity can provide the fertile 'soil' to the cancer 'seed' and are known as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In response to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors, CAFs reorganize the TME enabling metastasis, therapeutic resistance, dormancy and reactivation by secreting cellular and acellular factors. In this review, we summarize the recent discoveries on CAF-mediated cancer progression with a particular focus on fibroblast heterogeneity and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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5
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Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Diversity Shapes Tumor Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010061. [PMID: 36612058 PMCID: PMC9817728 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, the 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer (PDAC) patients remains at only 9%. Patients often show poor treatment response, due partly to a highly complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) heterogeneity is characteristic of the pancreatic TME, where several CAF subpopulations have been identified, such as myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs), inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs), and antigen presenting CAFs (apCAFs). In PDAC, cancer cells continuously adapt their metabolism (metabolic switch) to environmental changes in pH, oxygenation, and nutrient availability. Recent advances show that these environmental alterations are all heavily driven by stromal CAFs. CAFs and cancer cells exchange cytokines and metabolites, engaging in a tight bidirectional crosstalk, which promotes tumor aggressiveness and allows constant adaptation to external stress, such as chemotherapy. In this review, we summarize CAF diversity and CAF-mediated metabolic rewiring, in a PDAC-specific context. First, we recapitulate the most recently identified CAF subtypes, focusing on the cell of origin, activation mechanism, species-dependent markers, and functions. Next, we describe in detail the metabolic crosstalk between CAFs and tumor cells. Additionally, we elucidate how CAF-driven paracrine signaling, desmoplasia, and acidosis orchestrate cancer cell metabolism. Finally, we highlight how the CAF/cancer cell crosstalk could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies.
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6
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Ahn S, Kwon A, Huh YH, Rhee S, Song WK. Tumor-derived miR-130b-3p induces cancer-associated fibroblast activation by targeting SPIN90 in luminal A breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:47. [PMID: 35948548 PMCID: PMC9365846 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) interact closely with cancer cells to promote tumor development. Downregulation of SPIN90 in CAFs has been reported to facilitate breast cancer progression, but the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that miR-130b-3p directly downregulates SPIN90 in stromal fibroblasts, leading to their differentiation into CAFs. As the decrease of SPIN90 in CAFs was shown to be more prominent in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast tumors in this study, miR-130b-3p was selected by bioinformatics analysis of data from patients with ER-positive breast cancer. Ectopic expression of miR-130b-3p in fibroblasts accelerated their differentiation to CAFs that promote cancer cell motility; this was associated with SPIN90 downregulation. We also found that miR-130b-3p was generated in luminal A-type cancer cells and activated fibroblasts after being secreted via exosomes from cancer cells. Finally, miR-130b-3p increased in SPIN90-downregulated tumor stroma of luminal A breast cancer patients and MCF7 cell-xenograft model mice. Our data demonstrate that miR-130b-3p is a key modulator that downregulates SPIN90 in breast CAFs. The inverse correlation between miR-130b-3p and SPIN90 in tumor stroma suggests that the miR-130b-3p/SPIN90 axis is clinically significant for CAF activation during breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Ahn
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Kwon
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hyun Huh
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmyung Rhee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Keun Song
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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The Role of PDGFRA in Predicting Oncological and Immune Characteristics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4148805. [PMID: 35378770 PMCID: PMC8976608 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4148805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal solid gastrointestinal malignancy with poor immune infiltration and a limited response to immunotherapy. The aim of our study was to explore the predictive value of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs), which are widely expressed in various tumor cells. Methods Transcriptomic data with follow-up information were obtained from the GEO, TCGA and ArrayExpress. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) method and univariate Cox (UniCox) proportional hazard regression were used to show the survival outcomes of the groups. Immune infiltration was analyzed using the online databases TISCH, TISIDB, TIMER2.0, and TIDE as well as the R packages “estimate” and “GSVA.” Mutation and functional enrichment analyses were conducted using the R packages “maftools,” “clusterProfiler,” and online repository HOME for Researchers. Finally, the results were validated in 79 samples from our cancer center. Results Survival analysis using public databases and the FUSCC cohort indicated PDGFRA to be associated with prolonged overall survival (OS) (both p < 0.05). PDGFRA expression was highest in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of PDAC, as validated in public databases and cell lines from our cancer center. The high expression of PDGFRA was associated with increased immune infiltration and potent T cell cytotoxicity in PDAC. Conclusion In summary, high PDGFRA expression is associated with increased immune infiltration and prolonged OS. This finding might provide a new strategy for regulating immune cell infiltration in PDAC and improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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8
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Tang R, Liu X, Wang W, Hua J, Xu J, Liang C, Meng Q, Liu J, Zhang B, Yu X, Shi S. Identification of the Roles of a Stemness Index Based on mRNA Expression in the Prognosis and Metabolic Reprograming of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:643465. [PMID: 33912458 PMCID: PMC8071957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.643465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are widely thought to contribute to the dismal prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). CSCs share biological features with adult stem cells, such as longevity, self-renewal capacity, differentiation, drug resistance, and the requirement for a niche; these features play a decisive role in cancer progression. A prominent characteristic of PDAC is metabolic reprogramming, which provides sufficient nutrients to support rapid tumor cell growth. However, whether PDAC stemness is correlated with metabolic reprogramming remains unknown. Method RNA sequencing data of PDAC, including read counts and fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (FPKM), were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PAAD) database. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to calculate the relative activities of metabolic pathways in each PDAC sample. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to validate the expression levels of genes of interest. Results The overall survival (OS) of patients with high mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) values was significantly worse than that of their counterparts with low mRNAsi values (P = 0.003). This survival disadvantage was independent of baseline clinical characteristics. Gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and GSEA showed that the differentially expressed genes between patients with high and low mRNAsi values were mainly enriched in oncogenic and metabolic pathways. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed 8 independent gene modules that were significantly associated with mRNAsi and 12 metabolic pathways. Unsupervised clustering based on the key genes in each module identified two PDAC subgroups characterized by different mRNAsi values and metabolic activities. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified 14 genes beneficial to OS from 95 key genes selected from the eight independent gene modules from WGCNA. Among them, MAGEH1, MAP3K3, and PODN were downregulated in both pancreatic tissues and cell lines. Conclusion The present study showed that PDAC samples with high mRNAsi values exhibited aberrant activation of multiple metabolic pathways, and the patients from whom these samples were obtained had a poor prognosis. Future studies are expected to investigate the underlying mechanism based on the crosstalk between PDAC stemness and metabolic rewiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Tang R, Liu X, Liang C, Hua J, Xu J, Wang W, Meng Q, Liu J, Zhang B, Yu X, Shi S. Deciphering the Prognostic Implications of the Components and Signatures in the Immune Microenvironment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:648917. [PMID: 33777046 PMCID: PMC7987951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.648917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The treatment modalities for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are limited and unsatisfactory. Although many novel drugs targeting the tumor microenvironment, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have shown promising efficacy for some tumors, few of them significantly prolong the survival of patients with PDAC due to insufficient knowledge on the tumor microenvironment. Methods: A single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset and seven PDAC cohorts with complete clinical and bulk sequencing data were collected for bioinformatics analysis. The relative proportions of each cell type were estimated using the gene set variation analysis (GSVA) algorithm based on the signatures identified by scRNA-seq or previous literature. Results: A meta-analysis of 883 PDAC patients showed that neutrophils are associated with worse overall survival (OS) for PDAC, while CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and B cells are related to prolonged OS for PDAC, with marginal statistical significance. Seventeen cell categories were identified by clustering analysis based on single-cell sequencing. Among them, CD8+ T cells and NKT cells were universally exhausted by expressing exhaustion-associated molecular markers. Interestingly, signatures of CD8+ T cells and NKT cells predicted prolonged OS for PDAC only in the presence of “targets” for pyroptosis and ferroptosis induction. Moreover, a specific state of T cells with overexpression of ribosome-related proteins was associated with a good prognosis. In addition, the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-like signature predicted prolonged OS in PDAC. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified 5 hub genes whose downregulation may mediate the observed survival benefits of the HSC-like signature. Moreover, trajectory analysis revealed that myeloid cells evolutionarily consisted of 7 states, and antigen-presenting molecules and complement-associated genes were lost along the pseudotime flow. Consensus clustering based on the differentially expressed genes between two states harboring the longest pseudotime span identified two PDAC groups with prognostic differences, and more infiltrated immune cells and activated immune signatures may account for the survival benefits. Conclusion: This study systematically investigated the prognostic implications of the components of the PDAC tumor microenvironment by integrating single-cell sequencing and bulk sequencing, and future studies are expected to develop novel targeted agents for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Elechalawar CK, Hossen MN, Shankarappa P, Peer CJ, Figg WD, Robertson JD, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Targeting Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Stellate Cells Using Designer Nanotherapeutics in vitro. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:991-1003. [PMID: 32103952 PMCID: PMC7025663 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s234112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by a robust desmoplastic environment, which limits the uptake of the standard first-line chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. Enhancing gemcitabine delivery to the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major clinical challenge. Molecular crosstalk between pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) plays a critical role in desmoplastic reaction in PCs. Herein, we report the development of a targeted drug delivery system to inhibit the proliferation of PCCs and PSCs in vitro. Using gold nanoparticles as the delivery vehicle, the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (C225/C) as a targeting agent, gemcitabine as drug and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a stealth molecule, we created a series of targeted drug delivery systems. METHODS Fabricated nanoconjugates were characterized by various physicochemical techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, HPLC and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Targeted gemcitabine delivery systems containing mPEG-SH having molecular weights of 550 Da or 1000 Da demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing the viability of both PCCs and PSCs as compared to their non-targeted counterparts. EGFR-targeted pathway was further validated by pre-treating cells with C225 followed by determining cellular viability. Taken together, in our current study we have developed a PEGylated targeted nanoconjugate ACG44P1000 that showed enhanced selectivity towards pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells, among others, for gemcitabine delivery. We will investigate the ability of these optimized conjugates to inhibit desmoplasia and tumor growth in vivo in our future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kumar Elechalawar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK73104, USA
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK73104, USA
| | - Priya Shankarappa
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Cody J Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - William D Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - J David Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK73104, USA
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11
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Bhagat TD, Von Ahrens D, Dawlaty M, Zou Y, Baddour J, Achreja A, Zhao H, Yang L, Patel B, Kwak C, Choudhary GS, Gordon-Mitchell S, Aluri S, Bhattacharyya S, Sahu S, Bhagat P, Yu Y, Bartenstein M, Giricz O, Suzuki M, Sohal D, Gupta S, Guerrero PA, Batra S, Goggins M, Steidl U, Greally J, Agarwal B, Pradhan K, Banerjee D, Nagrath D, Maitra A, Verma A. Lactate-mediated epigenetic reprogramming regulates formation of human pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts. eLife 2019; 8:e50663. [PMID: 31663852 PMCID: PMC6874475 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with fibrotic stroma, the molecular pathways regulating the formation of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are not well elucidated. An epigenomic analysis of patient-derived and de-novo generated CAFs demonstrated widespread loss of cytosine methylation that was associated with overexpression of various inflammatory transcripts including CXCR4. Co-culture of neoplastic cells with CAFs led to increased invasiveness that was abrogated by inhibition of CXCR4. Metabolite tracing revealed that lactate produced by neoplastic cells leads to increased production of alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) within mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In turn, aKG mediated activation of the demethylase TET enzyme led to decreased cytosine methylation and increased hydroxymethylation during de novo differentiation of MSCs to CAF. Co-injection of neoplastic cells with TET-deficient MSCs inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Thus, in PDAC, a tumor-mediated lactate flux is associated with widespread epigenomic reprogramming that is seen during CAF formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar D Bhagat
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Dagny Von Ahrens
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Meelad Dawlaty
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yiyu Zou
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Joelle Baddour
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | | | - Changsoo Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Gaurav S Choudhary
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Srinivas Aluri
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Srabani Sahu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Prafulla Bhagat
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yiting Yu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Matthias Bartenstein
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Orsi Giricz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Davendra Sohal
- Department of MedicineCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Paola A Guerrero
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | | | | | - Ulrich Steidl
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - John Greally
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Kith Pradhan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Deepak Nagrath
- Biointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Amit Verma
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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12
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Laplagne C, Domagala M, Le Naour A, Quemerais C, Hamel D, Fournié JJ, Couderc B, Bousquet C, Ferrand A, Poupot M. Latest Advances in Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment for Tumor Suppression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4719. [PMID: 31547627 PMCID: PMC6801830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor bulk is composed of a highly heterogeneous population of cancer cells, as well as a large variety of resident and infiltrating host cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and secreted proteins, collectively known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is essential for driving tumor development by promoting cancer cell survival, migration, metastasis, chemoresistance, and the ability to evade the immune system responses. Therapeutically targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), regulatory T-cells (T-regs), and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) is likely to have an impact in cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on describing the normal physiological functions of each of these cell types and their behavior in the cancer setting. Relying on the specific surface markers and secreted molecules in this context, we review the potential targeting of these cells inducing their depletion, reprogramming, or differentiation, or inhibiting their pro-tumor functions or recruitment. Different approaches were developed for this targeting, namely, immunotherapies, vaccines, small interfering RNA, or small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Laplagne
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France.
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France.
| | - Marcin Domagala
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France.
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France.
| | - Augustin Le Naour
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France.
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Christophe Quemerais
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France.
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France.
| | - Dimitri Hamel
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Inserm U1220, INRA, ENVT, 31024 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France.
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France.
| | - Bettina Couderc
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France.
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France.
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France.
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Inserm U1220, INRA, ENVT, 31024 Toulouse, France.
| | - Mary Poupot
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Inserm UMR1037, 31037 Toulouse, France.
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- ERL 5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France.
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13
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Steer A, Cordes N, Jendrossek V, Klein D. Impact of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast on the Radiation-Response of Solid Xenograft Tumors. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:70. [PMID: 31475157 PMCID: PMC6705217 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the heterogeneous tumor stroma supports therapy resistance at multiple levels. Fibroblasts, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components of the tumor stroma. However, the impact of CAFs on the outcome of radiotherapy (RT) is poorly understood. Here, we investigated if and how fibroblasts/CAFs modulate the radiation response of malignant tumors by altering cancer cell radiosensitivity or radioresistance in vitro and in vivo. The influence of fibroblasts on cancer cell proliferation, cell death induction and long-term survival after RT was studied using different sets of fibroblasts and cancer cells in an indirect co-culture (2D) system to analyse potential paracrine interactions or a 3D model to study direct interactions. Paracrine signals from embryonic NIH-3T3 fibroblasts promoted MPR31.4 prostate and Py8119 breast cancer cell proliferation. Indirect co-culture with L929 skin fibroblasts induced higher levels of apoptosis in irradiated MPR31.4 cells, while they promoted proliferation of irradiated Py8119 cells. In addition, NIH-3T3 fibroblasts promoted long-term clonogenic survival of both tumor cell types upon irradiation in the 3D co-culture system when compared to non-irradiated controls. Also in vivo, co-implantation of cancer cells and fibroblasts resulted in different effects depending on the respective cell combinations used: co-implantation of MPR31.4 cells with NIH-3T3 fibroblasts or of Py8119 cells with L929 fibroblasts led to increased tumor growth and reduced radiation-induced tumor growth delay when compared to the respective tumors without co-implanted fibroblasts. Taken together, the impact of fibroblasts on cancer cell behavior and radiation sensitivity largely depended on the respective cell types used as they either exerted a pro-tumorigenic and radioresistance-promoting effect, an anti-tumorigenic effect, or no effect. We conclude that the plasticity of fibroblasts allows for such a broad spectrum of activities by the same fibroblast and that this plasticity is at least in part mediated by cancer cell-induced fibroblast activation toward CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Steer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- Faculty of Medicine, OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Partner Site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
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14
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Begum A, McMillan RH, Chang YT, Penchev VR, N.V. R, Maitra A, Goggins MG, Eshelman JR, Wolfgang CL, Rasheed ZA, Matsui W. Direct Interactions With Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Lead to Enhanced Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Function. Pancreas 2019; 48:329-334. [PMID: 30747824 PMCID: PMC6411432 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by promoting tumor cell migration and drug resistance. We determined the impact of CAFs on PDAC cancer stem cells (CSCs). METHODS Fibroblast cell lines from patients' tumors were cocultured with PDAC cells and examined for clonogenic growth and self-renewal using colony-forming assays and migration in vitro. Changes in the frequency of CSCs was determined by flow cytometry. The effect of integrin-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling on CAF-mediated clonogenic growth was evaluated using short hairpin RNAs against β1 integrin and FAK as well as a small-molecule FAK inhibitor. RESULTS Cancer-associated fibroblasts enhanced PDAC clonogenic growth, self-renewal, and migration that was associated with an increase in the frequency of CSCs. These fibroblast cells were activated by PDAC cells and increased collagen synthesis resulting in FAK activation in PDAC cells. Knockdown of β1-integrin and FAK or the inhibition of FAK kinase activity in PDAC cells abrogated the impact of CAFs on clonogenic growth. CONCLUSION Therefore, CAFs enhance PDAC clonogenic growth, self-renewal, and the frequency of CSCs through type I collagen production that enhances integrin-FAK signaling in PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Begum
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ross H. McMillan
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yu-Tai Chang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vesselin R. Penchev
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rajeshkumar N.V.
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael G. Goggins
- Department of Pathology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - James R. Eshelman
- Department of Pathology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christopher L. Wolfgang
- Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zeshaan A. Rasheed
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - William Matsui
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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15
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Klymenko Y, Nephew KP. Epigenetic Crosstalk between the Tumor Microenvironment and Ovarian Cancer Cells: A Therapeutic Road Less Traveled. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E295. [PMID: 30200265 PMCID: PMC6162502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) predominantly occurs through direct cell shedding from the primary tumor into the intra-abdominal cavity that is filled with malignant ascitic effusions. Facilitated by the fluid flow, cells distribute throughout the cavity, broadly seed and invade through peritoneal lining, and resume secondary tumor growth in abdominal and pelvic organs. At all steps of this unique metastatic process, cancer cells exist within a multidimensional tumor microenvironment consisting of intraperitoneally residing cancer-reprogramed fibroblasts, adipose, immune, mesenchymal stem, mesothelial, and vascular cells that exert miscellaneous bioactive molecules into malignant ascites and contribute to EOC progression and metastasis via distinct molecular mechanisms and epigenetic dysregulation. This review outlines basic epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulators, and summarizes current knowledge on reciprocal interactions between each participant of the EOC cellular milieu and tumor cells in the context of aberrant epigenetic crosstalk. Promising research directions and potential therapeutic strategies that may encompass epigenetic tailoring as a component of complex EOC treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Klymenko
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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16
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Feng R, Morine Y, Ikemoto T, Imura S, Iwahashi S, Saito Y, Shimada M. Nab-paclitaxel interrupts cancer-stromal interaction through C-X-C motif chemokine 10-mediated interleukin-6 downregulation in vitro. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2509-2519. [PMID: 29902349 PMCID: PMC6113502 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAF), derived from stroma of cancer tissues, interact with cancer cells and play an important role in cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis. Nab‐paclitaxel (nab‐PTX) is a 130 nm albumin‐binding paclitaxel and recommended for many types of cancer chemotherapy. The nab‐PTX stromal‐disrupting effect during pancreatic cancer treatment has been reported. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of nab‐PTX in cancer cells and CAF interaction. Cancer cells (MIA PaCa‐2 and Panc‐1) were cocultured with CAF or treated with CAF conditioned medium, after which their migration and invasion ability, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related marker expression and C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) expression and secretion were detected. Nab‐PTX treatment was carried out during the coculture system or during preparation of CAF conditioned medium. Then cancer cell migration and invasion ability, EMT‐related marker expression, CXCL10 expression and secretion, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) expression and secretion by CAF were checked After coculture with CAF, migration and invasion ability of cancer cells increased. CAF also downregulated E‐cadherin and upregulated N‐cadherin and vimentin expression in cancer cells. During coculture or stimulation with cancer cell‐cultured medium, CAF significantly increased IL‐6 expression and secretion. However, nab‐PTX in the coculture system canceled CAF‐induced migration and invasion promotion and EMT‐related gene changes. Moreover, nab‐PTX increased CXCL10 expression of cancer cells which blocked CAF IL‐6 expression and secretion. Nab‐PTX treatment could increase CXCL10 expression of cancer cells which blocks CAF cancer cell migration and invasion‐promoting effect by inhibiting IL‐6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoru Imura
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuichi Iwahashi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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17
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Wiley SZ, Sriram K, Liang W, Chang SE, French R, McCann T, Sicklick J, Nishihara H, Lowy AM, Insel PA. GPR68, a proton-sensing GPCR, mediates interaction of cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:1170-1183. [PMID: 29092903 PMCID: PMC5892729 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700834r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a dense fibrotic stroma (desmoplasia) generated by pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) derived from pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and pancreatic fibroblasts (PFs). Using an unbiased GPCRomic array approach, we identified 82 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) commonly expressed by CAFs derived from 5 primary PDAC tumors. Compared with PSCs and PFs, CAFs have increased expression of GPR68 (a proton-sensing GPCR), with the results confirmed by immunoblotting, The Cancer Genome Atlas data, and immunohistochemistry of PDAC tumors. Co-culture of PSCs with PDAC cells, or incubation with TNF-α, induced GPR68 expression. GPR68 activation (by decreasing the extracellular pH) enhanced IL-6 expression via a cAMP/PKA/cAMP response element binding protein signaling pathway. Knockdown of GPR68 by short interfering RNA diminished low pH-induced production of IL-6 and enhancement of PDAC cell proliferation by CAF conditioned media. CAFs from other gastrointestinal cancers also express GPR68. PDAC cells thus induce expression by CAFs of GPR68, which senses the acidic microenvironment, thereby increasing production of fibrotic markers and IL-6 and promoting PDAC cell proliferation. CAF-expressed GPR68 is a mediator of low-pH-promoted regulation of the tumor microenvironments, in particular to PDAC cell-CAF interaction and may be a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic and perhaps other types of cancers.-Wiley, S. Z., Sriram, K., Liang, W., Chang, S. E., French, R., McCann, T., Sicklick, J., Nishihara, H., Lowy, A. M., Insel, P. A. GPR68, a proton-sensing GPCR, mediates interaction of cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Z. Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wenjing Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sarah E. Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Randall French
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Thalia McCann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason Sicklick
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrew M. Lowy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul A. Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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18
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Lamprecht S, Sigal-Batikoff I, Shany S, Abu-Freha N, Ling E, Delinasios GJ, Moyal-Atias K, Delinasios JG, Fich A. Teaming Up for Trouble: Cancer Cells, Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Signaling and the Epigenetic Corruption of Stromal Naïve Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030061. [PMID: 29495500 PMCID: PMC5876636 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that cancer cells subvert the phenotype of stromal naïve fibroblasts and instruct the neighboring cells to sustain their growth agenda. The mechanisms underpinning the switch of fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the focus of intense investigation. One of the most significant hallmarks of the biological identity of CAFs is that their tumor-promoting phenotype is stably maintained during in vitro and ex vivo propagation without the continual interaction with the adjacent cancer cells. In this review, we discuss robust evidence showing that the master cytokine Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGFβ-1) is a prime mover in reshaping, via epigenetic switches, the phenotype of stromal fibroblasts to a durable state. We also examine, in detail, the pervasive involvement of TGFβ-1 signaling from both cancer cells and CAFs in fostering cancer development, taking colorectal cancer (CRC) as a paradigm of human neoplasia. Finally, we review the stroma-centric anticancer therapeutic approach focused on CAFs—the most abundant cell population of the tumor microenvironment (TME)—as target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Lamprecht
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 8410500, Israel.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 8410500, Israel.
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheva 8410100, Israel.
| | - Ina Sigal-Batikoff
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 8410500, Israel.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 8410500, Israel.
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheva 8410100, Israel.
| | - Shraga Shany
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 8410500, Israel.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 8410500, Israel.
| | - Naim Abu-Freha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 8410500, Israel.
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheva 8410100, Israel.
| | - Eduard Ling
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 8410500, Israel.
- Pediatrics Department B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheva 8410100, Israel.
| | - George J Delinasios
- International Institute of Anticancer Research, Kapandriti, Athens 19014, Greece.
| | - Keren Moyal-Atias
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 8410500, Israel.
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheva 8410100, Israel.
| | - John G Delinasios
- International Institute of Anticancer Research, Kapandriti, Athens 19014, Greece.
| | - Alexander Fich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 8410500, Israel.
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheva 8410100, Israel.
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19
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Yamamoto K, Tateishi K, Kudo Y, Hoshikawa M, Tanaka M, Nakatsuka T, Fujiwara H, Miyabayashi K, Takahashi R, Tanaka Y, Ijichi H, Nakai Y, Isayama H, Morishita Y, Aoki T, Sakamoto Y, Hasegawa K, Kokudo N, Fukayama M, Koike K. Stromal remodeling by the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 suppresses the progression of human pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61469-61484. [PMID: 27528027 PMCID: PMC5308665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins, a family of chromatin reader proteins, have therapeutic efficacy against various malignancies. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects in distinct tumor types remain elusive. Here, we show a novel antitumor mechanism of BET inhibition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We found that JQ1, a BET inhibitor, decreased desmoplastic stroma, a hallmark of PDAC, and suppressed the growth of patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) of PDACs. In vivo antitumor effects of JQ1 were not always associated with the JQ1 sensitivity of respective PDAC cells, and were rather dependent on the suppression of tumor-promoting activity in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). JQ1 inhibited Hedgehog and TGF-β pathways as potent regulators of CAF activation and suppressed the expression of α-SMA, extracellular matrix, cytokines, and growth factors in human primary CAFs. Consistently, conditioned media (CM) from CAFs promoted the proliferation of PDAC cells along with the activation of ERK, AKT, and STAT3 pathways, though these effects were suppressed when CM from JQ1-treated CAFs was used. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that JQ1 reduced TGF-β–dependent gene expression by disrupting the recruitment of the transcriptional machinery containing BET proteins. Finally, combination therapy with gemcitabine plus JQ1 showed greater efficacy than gemcitabine monotherapy against PDAC in vivo. Thus, our results reveal BET proteins as the critical regulators of CAF-activation and also provide evidence that stromal remodeling by epigenetic modulators can be a novel therapeutic option for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yotaro Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hoshikawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takuma Nakatsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Miyabayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ijichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishita
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taku Aoki
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakamoto
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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20
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Chen S, Chen X, Shan T, Ma J, Lin W, Li W, Kang Y. MiR-21-mediated Metabolic Alteration of Cancer-associated Fibroblasts and Its Effect on Pancreatic Cancer Cell Behavior. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:100-110. [PMID: 29483829 PMCID: PMC5821053 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.22555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether the metabolic alteration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) occurs via miR-21 remodeling and the effect of this alteration on pancreatic cancer cells. CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were isolated and cultured. Glucose consumption and lactic acid production were tested, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA), pyruvate kinase m2 (PKM2), and miR-21 expression were examined. The level of glycolysis in CAFs was determined after treatment with a miR-21 inhibitor. Primary miR-21-NC CAFs and miR-21-inhibitor CAFs were indirectly co-cultured with BxPc-3 in vitro, and the invasion capacity of these cells was determined. The aerobic oxidation index of cancer cells and the expression of succinodehydrogenase (SDH) and fumarate hydratase (FH) were assessed. Compared with NFs, CAFs showed enhanced glucose uptake capacity, lactic acid production, and elevated LDHA, PKM2, and miR-21 expression. After miR-21 inhibitor treatment, the extent of glycolysis in CAFs was reduced. After indirect co-culture with CAFs, oxidative phosphorylation and SDH, FH, and MCT expression increased in BxPc-3 cells. After co-culture with miR-21-inhibitor-CAFs, oxidative phosphorylation and invasion ability of the pancreatic cancer cells decreased. MiR-21 was involved in metabolic alteration of CAFs and affected the development of cancer cells. This metabolic alteration may be an important mechanism by which the microenvironment promotes tumor progression in a nonvascular manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004 China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004 China
| | - Tao Shan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004 China
| | - Jiancang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004 China
| | - Wanrun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wei Li
- Graduate School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710033, China
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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21
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Vafaee F, Colvin EK, Mok SC, Howell VM, Samimi G. Functional prediction of long non-coding RNAs in ovarian cancer-associated fibroblasts indicate a potential role in metastasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10374. [PMID: 28871211 PMCID: PMC5583324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. Unlike in tumour cells, DNA mutations are rare in CAFs, raising the likelihood of other mechanisms that regulate gene expression such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). We aimed to identify lncRNAs that contribute to the tumour-promoting phenotype of CAFs. RNA expression from 67 ovarian CAF samples and 10 normal ovarian fibroblast (NOF) samples were analysed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and a functional network was constructed to predict those CAF-specific lncRNAs involved in metastasis. Of the 1,970 lncRNAs available for analysis on the gene expression array used, 39 unique lncRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in CAFs versus NOFs. The predictive power of differentially expressed lncRNAs in distinguishing CAFs from NOFs were assessed using multiple multivariate models. Interrogation of known transcription factor-lncRNA interactions, transcription factor-gene interactions and construction of a context-specific interaction network identified multiple lncRNAs predicted to play a role in metastasis. We have identified novel lncRNAs in ovarian cancer that are differentially expressed in CAFs compared to NOFs and are predicted to contribute to the metastasis-promoting phenotype of CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vafaee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Emily K Colvin
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Samuel C Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine Research, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viive M Howell
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Goli Samimi
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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22
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Roy I, Boyle KA, Vonderhaar EP, Zimmerman NP, Gorse E, Mackinnon AC, Hwang R, Franco-Barraza J, Cukierman E, Tsai S, Evans DB, Dwinell MB. Cancer cell chemokines direct chemotaxis of activated stellate cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2017; 97:302-317. [PMID: 28092365 PMCID: PMC5334280 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the extreme desmoplasia observed in pancreatic tumors develops remain unknown and its role in pancreatic cancer progression is unsettled. Chemokines have a key role in the recruitment of a wide variety of cell types in health and disease. Transcript and protein profile analyses of human and murine cell lines and human tissue specimens revealed a consistent elevation in the receptors CCR10 and CXCR6, as well as their respective ligands CCL28 and CXCL16. Elevated ligand expression was restricted to tumor cells, whereas receptors were in both epithelial and stromal cells. Consistent with its regulation by inflammatory cytokines, CCL28 and CCR10, but not CXCL16 or CXCR6, were upregulated in human pancreatitis tissues. Cytokine stimulation of pancreatic cancer cells increased CCL28 secretion in epithelial tumor cells but not an immortalized activated human pancreatic stellate cell line (HPSC). Stellate cells exhibited dose- and receptor-dependent chemotaxis in response to CCL28. This functional response was not linked to changes in activation status as CCL28 had little impact on alpha smooth muscle actin levels or extracellular matrix deposition or alignment. Co-culture assays revealed CCL28-dependent chemotaxis of HPSC toward cancer but not normal pancreatic epithelial cells, consistent with stromal cells being a functional target for the epithelial-derived chemokine. These data together implicate the chemokine CCL28 in the inflammation-mediated recruitment of cancer-associated stellate cells into the pancreatic cancer parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Roy
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Kathleen A. Boyle
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Emily P. Vonderhaar
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Noah P. Zimmerman
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin,MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Egal Gorse
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - A. Craig Mackinnon
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Rosa Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Susan Tsai
- MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin,Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Douglas B. Evans
- MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin,Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Michael B. Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin,MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
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23
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Shan T, Chen S, Chen X, Lin WR, Li W, Ma J, Wu T, Cui X, Ji H, Li Y, Kang Y. Cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance pancreatic cancer cell invasion by remodeling the metabolic conversion mechanism. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1971-1979. [PMID: 28260082 PMCID: PMC5367364 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in promoting the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells in a non-vascular manner. We verified the original generation of isolated cultured CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) based on the expression of α-SMA and vimentin, and we examined the cell glycolysis level through glucose consumption and lactate production experiments. The mRNA and protein expression of CAF glycolytic enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase m2, were examined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. In vitro culture first-generation pancreatic CAFs were collected and cultured together with pancreas cancer BxPc-3 and Panc-1 cells. Cell invasion and migration were assessed using a Transwell assay and scratch test, respectively. Mitochondrial activity was assessed by experimentally determining oxidative phosphorylation (OP) activity. The aerobic oxidation index of cancer cells was also examined. Succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase (FH), and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression were examined using an MCT1-specific inhibitor to remove ‘tumor-stromal’ metabolic coupling to observe the influence of cell interstices on pancreas cancer progression. First-generation isolated cultured CAFs and NFs both grew well, and showed active proliferation. Glucose absorption and lactate production were significantly enhanced in CAFs compared with that in NFs. PCR and western blotting showed that the lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase m2 mRNA and protein expression levels were increased in the CAFs. After indirect co-culture, OP was increased in the BxPc-3 and Panc-1 cells; correspondingly, succinate dehydrogenase, FH and MCT expression were increased. After the MCT1-specific inhibitor removed ‘tumor-stromal’ metabolic coupling, the migration and invasion abilities of the pancreatic cancer cells were decreased. Pancreatic CAFs can alter metabolism as well as communicate with and respond to cancer cell migration and invasion. This may be an important mechanism for promoting tumor progression in a non-vascular manner in the tumor microenvironment. The mechanism by which CAFs reshape metabolic transition requires further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Wan Run Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Graduate School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710033, P.R. China
| | - Jiancang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Puré E, Lo A. Can Targeting Stroma Pave the Way to Enhanced Antitumor Immunity and Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors? Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:269-78. [PMID: 27036971 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors are complex organ-like structures. The potential of normal neighboring cells to contribute to the initiation, progression, and metastasis of epithelial-derived carcinomas has long been appreciated. However, the role of host cells has proven complex. Through multiple local and systemic mechanisms, nontransformed host cells can promote transition from a tumor-resistant to tumor-permissive environment, drive neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells, promote tumor growth, progression, and metastasis, but also constrain tumorigenesis. This complexity reflects the spatially and temporally dynamic involvement of multiple cell types and processes, including the development and recruitment of inflammatory, immune, endothelial, and mesenchymal stromal cells, and the remodeling of extracellular matrix. Our mechanistic understanding, as well as our ability to translate advances in our understanding of these mechanisms for therapeutic benefit, is rapidly advancing. Further insights will depend on delineating pathways that mediate the communication networks between inflammatory and immune cells with tumor and mesenchymal stromal cells and extracellular matrix. Here, we discuss the diversity of mesenchymal stromal cell populations and how context can dictate either their promotion or constraint of tumorigenesis. We review evidence for plasticity that allows for reprogramming of stromal cells and how tumor immunogenicity and desmoplasia influence the balance of immune-independent and immune-dependent regulation of tumor growth. The pivotal roles of matrix and mesenchymal stromal cells in modulating inflammation, antitumor immunity, and the efficacy of immune-based therapies are discussed. These concepts have emerged from data obtained from tumors of multiple organs, but we focus mostly on studies of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Puré
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Albert Lo
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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25
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Du H, Che G. Genetic alterations and epigenetic alterations of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:3-12. [PMID: 28123515 PMCID: PMC5245074 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one major type of component identified in the tumor microenvironment. Studies have focused on the genetic and epigenetic status of CAFs, since they are critical in tumor progression and differ phenotypically and functionally from normal fibroblasts. The present review summarizes the recent achievements in understanding the gene profiles of CAFs and pays special attention to their possible epigenetic alterations. A total of 7 possible genetic alterations and epigenetic changes in CAFs are discussed, including gene differential expression, karyotype analysis, gene copy number variation, loss of heterozygosis, allelic imbalance, microsatellite instability, post-transcriptional control and DNA methylation. These genetic and epigenetic characteristics are hypothesized to provide a deep understanding of CAFs and a perspective on their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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26
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Prometastatic mechanisms of CAF-mediated EMT regulation in pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:121-128. [PMID: 27878234 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis are accompanied by the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition)-MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition) two-step process. In this study, we investigated the importance of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) in the process. First, the primary cultures of isolated pancreatic CAF, fibroblasts of normal pancreatic tissues (NF), and normal hepatic stellate cells (HSF) were identified and verified via the expression of α-SMA and vimentin. Using an indirect three-dimensional co-culture model, the morphological changes were observed by light microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The invasive and migration capacity of pancreatic cancer cells was determined by Transwell chamber migration assay or scratch assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin, vimentin, and Gli1 were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting. Primary cultures of isolated CAF, NF, HSF showed satisfactory growth with active proliferation. Indirect co-culture with CAF, BxPc-3 and Panc-1 cells showed significant partial EMT, reduced E-cadherin expression, and enhanced vimentin expression as compared with the single culture and NF/HSF co-culture groups, with corresponding increases in migratory and invasive capacities. PCR and western blotting results showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of Gli1 in CAF and Snail in cancer cells were increased. This process could be reversed by inhibition of hedgehog (HH) signaling in CAF. In the tumor microenvironment, activation of CAF is the key event in mediating partial EMT, and its mechanism may be associated with paracrine action after activation of HH signaling in CAF.
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27
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Rucki AA, Foley K, Zhang P, Xiao Q, Kleponis J, Wu AA, Sharma R, Mo G, Liu A, Van Eyk J, Jaffee EM, Zheng L. Heterogeneous Stromal Signaling within the Tumor Microenvironment Controls the Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 77:41-52. [PMID: 27821486 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how stromal signals regulate the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) may suggest novel therapeutic interventions in this disease. In this study, we assessed the metastatic role of stromal signals suggested to be important in the PDAC microenvironment. Src and IGF-1R phosphorylated the prometastatic molecule Annexin A2 (AnxA2) at Y23 and Y333 in response to stromal signals HGF and IGF-1, respectively, and IGF-1 expression was regulated by the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway. Both Shh and HGF were heterogeneously expressed in PDAC stroma, and only dual inhibition of these pathways could significantly suppress AnxA2 phosphorylation, PDAC growth, and metastasis. Taken together, our results illuminate tumor-stromal interactions, which drive metastasis, and provide a mechanism-based rationale for a stroma-directed therapy for PDAC. Cancer Res; 77(1); 41-52. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Rucki
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelly Foley
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qian Xiao
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Kleponis
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Annie A Wu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guanglan Mo
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angen Liu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Van Eyk
- Department of Medicine, Biological Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lei Zheng
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Logsdon DP, Grimard M, Luo M, Shahda S, Jiang Y, Tong Y, Yu Z, Zyromski N, Schipani E, Carta F, Supuran CT, Korc M, Ivan M, Kelley MR, Fishel ML. Regulation of HIF1α under Hypoxia by APE1/Ref-1 Impacts CA9 Expression: Dual Targeting in Patient-Derived 3D Pancreatic Cancer Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2722-2732. [PMID: 27535970 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Aggressive treatment regimens have not changed the disease course, and the median survival has just recently reached a year. Several mechanisms are proposed to play a role in PDAC therapeutic resistance, including hypoxia, which creates a more aggressive phenotype with increased metastatic potential and impaired therapeutic efficacy. AP Endonuclease-1/Redox Effector Factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein possessing a DNA repair function in base excision repair and the ability to reduce oxidized transcription factors, enabling them to bind to their DNA target sequences. APE1/Ref-1 regulates several transcription factors involved in survival mechanisms, tumor growth, and hypoxia signaling. Here, we explore the mechanisms underlying PDAC cell responses to hypoxia and modulation of APE1/Ref-1 redox signaling activity, which regulates the transcriptional activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α). Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) is regulated by HIF1α and functions as a part of the cellular response to hypoxia to regulate intracellular pH, thereby promoting cell survival. We hypothesized that modulating APE1/Ref-1 function will block activation of downstream transcription factors, STAT3 and HIF1α, interfering with the hypoxia-induced gene expression. We demonstrate APE1/Ref-1 inhibition in patient-derived and established PDAC cells results in decreased HIF1α-mediated induction of CA9. Furthermore, an ex vivo three-dimensional tumor coculture model demonstrates dramatic enhancement of APE1/Ref-1-induced cell killing upon dual targeting of APE1/Ref-1 and CA9. Both APE1/Ref-1 and CA9 are under clinical development; therefore, these studies have the potential to direct novel PDAC therapeutic treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2722-32. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P Logsdon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michelle Grimard
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Meihua Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Safi Shahda
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yan Tong
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Zhangsheng Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nicholas Zyromski
- Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Murray Korc
- Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mircea Ivan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mark R Kelley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. .,Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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29
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Mezawa Y, Orimo A. The roles of tumor- and metastasis-promoting carcinoma-associated fibroblasts in human carcinomas. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:675-89. [PMID: 27506216 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute a substantial proportion of the non-neoplastic mesenchymal cell compartment in various human tumors. These fibroblasts are phenotypically converted from their progenitors via interactions with nearby cancer cells during the course of tumor progression. The resulting CAFs, in turn, support the growth and progression of carcinoma cells. These fibroblasts have a major influence on the hallmarks of carcinoma and promote tumor malignancy through the secretion of tumor-promoting growth factors, cytokines and exosomes, as well as through the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Coevolution of CAFs and carcinoma cells during tumorigenesis is therefore essential for progression into fully malignant tumors. Recent studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying CAF functions, especially in tumor invasion, metastasis and drug resistance and have highlighted the significant heterogeneity among these cells. In this review, we summarize the impacts of recently identified roles of tumor-promoting CAFs and discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting the heterotypic interactions of these fibroblasts with carcinoma cells. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8412, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8412, Japan.
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30
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Xiao Q, Zhou D, Rucki AA, Williams J, Zhou J, Mo G, Murphy A, Fujiwara K, Kleponis J, Salman B, Wolfgang CL, Anders RA, Zheng S, Jaffee EM, Zheng L. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Cancer Are Reprogrammed by Tumor-Induced Alterations in Genomic DNA Methylation. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5395-404. [PMID: 27496707 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stromal fibrosis is a prominent histologic characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but how stromal fibroblasts are regulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to support tumor growth is largely unknown. Here we show that PDAC cells can induce DNA methylation in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Upon direct contact with PDAC cells, DNA methylation of SOCS1 and other genes is induced in mesenchymal stem cells or in CAF that lack SOCS1 methylation at baseline. Silencing or decitabine treatment to block the DNA methylation enzyme DNMT1 inhibited methylation of SOCS1. In contrast, SOCS1 gene methylation and downregulation in CAF activated STAT3 and induced insulin-like growth factor-1 expression to support PDAC cell growth. Moreover, CAF facilitated methylation-dependent growth of PDAC tumor xenografts in mice. The ability of patient-derived CAF with SOCS1 methylation to promote PDAC growth was more robust than CAF without SOCS1 methylation. Overall, our results reveal how PDAC cells can reprogram CAF to modify tumor-stromal interactions in the TME, which promote malignant growth and progression. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5395-404. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Donger Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Agnieszka A Rucki
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jamila Williams
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiaojiao Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guanglan Mo
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adrian Murphy
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenji Fujiwara
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Kleponis
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bulent Salman
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert A Anders
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shu Zheng
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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31
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Georgescu I, Gooding RJ, Doiron RC, Day A, Selvarajah S, Davidson C, Berman DM, Park PC. Molecular characterization of Gleason patterns 3 and 4 prostate cancer using reverse Warburg effect-associated genes. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:8. [PMID: 27152194 PMCID: PMC4857335 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gleason scores (GS) 3+3 and 3+4 prostate cancers (PCa) differ greatly in their clinical courses, with Gleason pattern (GP) 4 representing a major independent risk factor for cancer progression. However, Gleason grade is not reliably ascertained by diagnostic biopsy, largely due to sampling inadequacies, subjectivity in the Gleason grading procedure, and a lack of more objective biomarker assays to stratify prostate cancer aggressiveness. In most aggressive cancer types, the tumor microenvironment exhibits a reciprocal pro-tumorigenic metabolic phenotype consistent with the reverse Warburg effect (RWE). The RWE can be viewed as a physiologic response to the epithelial phenotype that is independent of both the epithelial genotype and of direct tumor sampling. We hypothesize that differential expression of RWE-associated genes can be used to classify Gleason pattern, distinguishing GP3 from GP4 PCa foci. METHODS Gene expression profiling was conducted on RNA extracted from laser-capture microdissected stromal tissue surrounding 20 GP3 and 21 GP4 cancer foci from PCa patients with GS 3+3 and GS ≥4+3, respectively. Genes were probed using a 102-gene NanoString probe set targeted towards biological processes associated with the RWE. Differentially expressed genes were identified from normalized data by univariate analysis. A top-scoring pair (TSP) analysis was completed on raw gene expression values. Genes were analyzed for enriched Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes and protein-protein interactions using STRING and GeneMANIA. RESULTS Univariate analysis identified nine genes (FOXO1 (AUC: 0.884), GPD2, SPARC, HK2, COL1A2, ALDOA, MCT4, NRF2, and ATG5) that were differentially expressed between GP3 and GP4 stroma (p<0.05). However, following correction for false discovery, only FOXO1 retained statistical significance at q<0.05. The TSP analysis identified a significant gene pair, namely ATG5/GLUT1. Greater expression of ATG5 relative to GLUT1 correctly classified 77.4 % of GP3/GP4 samples. Enrichment for GO-biological processes revealed that catabolic glucose processes and oxidative stress response pathways were strongly associated with GP3 foci but not GP4. FOXO1 was identified as being a primary nodal protein. CONCLUSIONS We report that RWE-associated genes can be used to distinguish between GP3 and GP4 prostate cancers. Moreover, we find that the RWE response is downregulated in the stroma surrounding GP4, possibly via modulation of FOXO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Georgescu
- />Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
- />Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Robert J. Gooding
- />Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
- />Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | | | - Andrew Day
- />NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Shamini Selvarajah
- />Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Chris Davidson
- />Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - David M. Berman
- />Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
- />Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Paul C. Park
- />Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
- />Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON Canada
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32
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Arpin CC, Mac S, Jiang Y, Cheng H, Grimard M, Page BDG, Kamocka MM, Haftchenary S, Su H, Ball DP, Rosa DA, Lai PS, Gómez-Biagi RF, Ali AM, Rana R, Hanenberg H, Kerman K, McElyea KC, Sandusky GE, Gunning PT, Fishel ML. Applying Small Molecule Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3) Protein Inhibitors as Pancreatic Cancer Therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:794-805. [PMID: 26873728 PMCID: PMC4873422 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Constitutively activated STAT3 protein has been found to be a key regulator of pancreatic cancer and a target for molecular therapeutic intervention. In this study, PG-S3-001, a small molecule derived from the SH-4-54 class of STAT3 inhibitors, was found to inhibit patient-derived pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo in the low micromolar range. PG-S3-001 binds the STAT3 protein potently, Kd = 324 nmol/L by surface plasmon resonance, and showed no effect in a kinome screen (>100 cancer-relevant kinases). In vitro studies demonstrated potent cell killing as well as inhibition of STAT3 activation in pancreatic cancer cells. To better model the tumor and its microenvironment, we utilized three-dimensional (3D) cultures of patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells in the absence and presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). In this coculture model, inhibition of tumor growth is maintained following STAT3 inhibition in the presence of CAFs. Confocal microscopy was used to verify tumor cell death following treatment of 3D cocultures with PG-S3-001. The 3D model was predictive of in vivo efficacy as significant tumor growth inhibition was observed upon administration of PG-S3-001. These studies showed that the inhibition of STAT3 was able to impact the survival of tumor cells in a relevant 3D model, as well as in a xenograft model using patient-derived cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 794-805. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn C Arpin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Mac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Huiwen Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michelle Grimard
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brent D G Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malgorzata M Kamocka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sina Haftchenary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Han Su
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel P Ball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodolfo F Gómez-Biagi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rahul Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery (ENT), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle C McElyea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - George E Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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33
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Bianchi-Frias D, Basom R, Delrow JJ, Coleman IM, Dakhova O, Qu X, Fang M, Franco OE, Ericson NG, Bielas JH, Hayward SW, True L, Morrissey C, Brown L, Bhowmick NA, Rowley D, Ittmann M, Nelson PS. Cells Comprising the Prostate Cancer Microenvironment Lack Recurrent Clonal Somatic Genomic Aberrations. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:374-84. [PMID: 26753621 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prostate cancer-associated stroma (CAS) plays an active role in malignant transformation, tumor progression, and metastasis. Molecular analyses of CAS have demonstrated significant changes in gene expression; however, conflicting evidence exists on whether genomic alterations in benign cells comprising the tumor microenvironment (TME) underlie gene expression changes and oncogenic phenotypes. This study evaluates the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA integrity of prostate carcinoma cells, CAS, matched benign epithelium and benign epithelium-associated stroma by whole-genome copy-number analyses, targeted sequencing of TP53, and FISH. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) of CAS revealed a copy-neutral diploid genome with only rare and small somatic copy-number aberrations (SCNA). In contrast, several expected recurrent SCNAs were evident in the adjacent prostate carcinoma cells, including gains at 3q, 7p, and 8q, and losses at 8p and 10q. No somatic TP53 mutations were observed in CAS. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) extracted from carcinoma cells and stroma identified 23 somatic mtDNA mutations in neoplastic epithelial cells, but only one mutation in stroma. Finally, genomic analyses identified no SCNAs, LOH, or copy-neutral LOH in cultured cancer-associated fibroblasts, which are known to promote prostate cancer progression in vivo IMPLICATIONS The gene expression changes observed in prostate cancer-adjacent stroma and the attendant contribution of the stroma to the development and progression of prostate cancer are not due to frequent or recurrent genomic alterations in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Bianchi-Frias
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ryan Basom
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey J Delrow
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Olga Dakhova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Qu
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Min Fang
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Omar E Franco
- Departments of Urologic Surgery and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nolan G Ericson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason H Bielas
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Simon W Hayward
- Departments of Urologic Surgery and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lawrence True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisha Brown
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Rowley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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34
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Roy Chaudhuri T, Straubinger NL, Pitoniak RF, Hylander BL, Repasky EA, Ma WW, Straubinger RM. Tumor-Priming Smoothened Inhibitor Enhances Deposition and Efficacy of Cytotoxic Nanoparticles in a Pancreatic Cancer Model. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:84-93. [PMID: 26516158 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients present with unresectable disease and benefit little from chemotherapy. Poor tumor perfusion and vascular permeability limit drug deposition. Previous work showed that Smoothened inhibitors of hedgehog signaling (sHHI) promote neovascularization in spontaneous mouse models of pancreatic cancer (PaCA) and enhance tumor permeability to low-molecular weight compounds. Here, we tested the hypothesis that sHHI can enhance tumor deposition and efficacy of drug-containing nanoparticles consisting of 80 to 100 nm sterically-stabilized liposomes (SSL) containing doxorubicin (SSL-DXR). SCID mice bearing low-passage patient-derived PaCA xenografts (PDX) were pretreated p.o. for 10 days with 40 mg/kg/d NVP-LDE225 (erismodegib), followed by i.v. SSL-DXR. Microvessel density, permeability, perfusion, and morphology were compared with untreated controls, as was SSL deposition and therapeutic efficacy. The sHHI alone affected tumor growth minimally, but markedly increased extravasation of nanoparticles into adenocarcinoma cell-enriched regions of the tumor. Immunostaining showed that sHHI treatment decreased pericyte coverage (α-SMA(+)) of CD31(+) vascular endothelium structures, and increased the abundance of endothelium-poor (CD31(-)) basement membrane structures (collagen IV(+)), suggesting increased immature microvessels. SSL-DXR (15 mg/kg) administered after sHHI pretreatment arrested tumor volume progression and decreased tumor perfusion/permeability, suggesting an initial vascular pruning response. Compared with controls, one cycle of 10-day sHHI pretreatment followed by 6 mg/kg SSL-DXR doubled median tumor progression time. Three cycles of treatment with sHHI and SSL-DXR, with a 10-day between-cycle drug holiday, nearly tripled median tumor progression time. Based upon these data, short-term sHHI treatment sequenced with nanoparticulate drug carriers constitutes a potential strategy to enhance efficacy of pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tista Roy Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ninfa L Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Bonnie L Hylander
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Wen Wee Ma
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. Department of Cancer Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York.
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35
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Ali S, Suresh R, Banerjee S, Bao B, Xu Z, Wilson J, Philip PA, Apte M, Sarkar FH. Contribution of microRNAs in understanding the pancreatic tumor microenvironment involving cancer associated stellate and fibroblast cells. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1251-1264. [PMID: 26046003 PMCID: PMC4449452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of molecular events associated with tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer (PC) is an active area of research especially because of the rich desmoplasia seen in human PC. Desmoplasia is contributed by several cell types including cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) and stellate cells (PSCs), which are believed to play critical roles in conferring aggressiveness to PC. The aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in PSCs and CAF cells appears to play a pivotal role in the development and progression of PC. In this study, expression analysis of miR-21/miR-221 in conditioned media derived from PSCs/CAF cells, and from PSCs/CAF cells showed up-regulation of both miRNAs compared to MIAPaCa-2 PC cells. In addition, miR-21 expression in stellate cells derived from normal pancreas was substantially lower when compared to PSCs or CAF cells. COLO-357 PC cells cultured in the presence of conditioned media derived from PSC/CAF cells led to a significant increase in clonogenicity and pancreatosphere formation. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-21 with antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) transfection resulted in decreased migration/invasive capacity of PSCs. Similarly, the effect of ASO-miR-221 transfection in CAF cells reduced the expression of NF-κB and K-Ras (target of miR-221) along with inhibition of migration/invasion. Moreover, miRNA expression profiling of PSCs, MIAPaCa-2, and COLO-357 cells, and further validation by real-time PCR, showed several differentially expressed miRNAs, among which four was significantly up-regulated. Collectively, these results suggest a crosstalk between PSCs/CAF cells and PC cells, resulting in the up-regulation of miR-21/miR-221 expression which in part may confer aggressiveness to PC. We conclude that targeting these miRNAs could be useful for developing precision medicine for the prevention of tumor progression and/or for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadan Ali
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, Michigan
| | - Raagini Suresh
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, Michigan
| | - Sanjeev Banerjee
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, Michigan
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, Michigan
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, University of New South Wales, and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, Australia
| | - Jeremy Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, University of New South Wales, and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, Australia
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, Michigan
| | - Minoti Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, University of New South Wales, and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, Australia
| | - Fazlul H Sarkar
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, Michigan
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, Michigan
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36
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Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are key contributors to malignant progression, but their critical regulators remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the role of Twist1, a central regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in carcinoma cells, in the transdifferentiation of normal quiescent fibroblasts to CAF and we defined its upstream controls and downstream effectors. Primary human gastric fibroblast and CAF cultures were established from gastrectomy specimens and validated as nontumor cells by somatic mutation analyses. In these cultures, exposure to the proinflammatory cytokine IL6 commonly expressed in tumors was sufficient to induce Twist1 expression in normal fibroblasts and transdifferentiate them into CAFs via STAT3 phosphorylation. In xenograft models, tumor infiltration of Twist1-expressing CAFs was enhanced strongly by ectopic IL6 expression in gastric or breast cancer cells. We found that Twist1 expression was necessary and sufficient for CAF transdifferentiation. Enforced expression of Twist1 in normal fibroblasts was also sufficient to drive CAF marker expression and malignant character in gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, silencing the expression of Twist1 in CAFs abrogated their tumor-promoting properties. Downstream of Twist1, we defined the chemokine CXCL12 as a transcriptional target. Clinically, CXCL12 and Twist1 expression were correlated in CAFs present in gastric tumor specimens. Finally, ectopic expression of Twist1 in normal fibroblasts suppressed premature senescence, whereas Twist1 attenuation accelerated senescence in CAFs. Our findings define Twist1 as a compelling target to deprogram the tumor-supporting features of the cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Woo Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Yeo
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ohk Sung
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Abstract
Dr. Tuveson and colleagues provide a comprehensive review on the fundamental role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in shaping the tumor microenvironment and promoting tumor initiation and progression. Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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38
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Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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39
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Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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40
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Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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41
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Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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42
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Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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43
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Öhlund D, Elyada E, Tuveson D. Fibroblast heterogeneity in the cancer wound. J Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140692 order by 1-- dyrj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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44
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Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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45
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Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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46
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Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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47
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Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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48
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Öhlund D, Elyada E, Tuveson D. Fibroblast heterogeneity in the cancer wound. J Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140692 order by 1#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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49
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Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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50
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Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Öhlund
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Ela Elyada
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - David Tuveson
- D. Öhlund, E. Elyada, and D. Tuveson are at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
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