1
|
Liu R, Chen Q. Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools in mammalian cells are expandable upon DNA damage. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1897-1898. [PMID: 36476930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase of dNTP pools in mammalian cells upon DNA damage has been previously documented. Alterations in protein modifications or interactions can rapidly modulate the activity and protein stability of mammalian RNR, and activation of PRPS1/2-dependent generation of PRPP enhances the production of the indispensable ribose sugar for nucleotide biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iqbal W, Demidova EV, Serrao S, ValizadehAslani T, Rosen G, Arora S. RRM2B Is Frequently Amplified Across Multiple Tumor Types: Implications for DNA Repair, Cellular Survival, and Cancer Therapy. Front Genet 2021; 12:628758. [PMID: 33868369 PMCID: PMC8045241 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.628758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
RRM2B plays a crucial role in DNA replication, repair and oxidative stress. While germline RRM2B mutations have been implicated in mitochondrial disorders, its relevance to cancer has not been established. Here, using TCGA studies, we investigated RRM2B alterations in cancer. We found that RRM2B is highly amplified in multiple tumor types, particularly in MYC-amplified tumors, and is associated with increased RRM2B mRNA expression. We also observed that the chromosomal region 8q22.3–8q24, is amplified in multiple tumors, and includes RRM2B, MYC along with several other cancer-associated genes. An analysis of genes within this 8q-amplicon showed that cancers that have both RRM2B-amplified along with MYC have a distinct pattern of amplification compared to cancers that are unaltered or those that have amplifications in RRM2B or MYC only. Investigation of curated biological interactions revealed that gene products of the amplified 8q22.3–8q24 region have important roles in DNA repair, DNA damage response, oxygen sensing, and apoptosis pathways and interact functionally. Notably, RRM2B-amplified cancers are characterized by mutation signatures of defective DNA repair and oxidative stress, and at least RRM2B-amplified breast cancers are associated with poor clinical outcome. These data suggest alterations in RR2MB and possibly the interacting 8q-proteins could have a profound effect on regulatory pathways such as DNA repair and cellular survival, highlighting therapeutic opportunities in these cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Iqbal
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University College of Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elena V Demidova
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Samantha Serrao
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Taha ValizadehAslani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gail Rosen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sanjeevani Arora
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clb6-Cdc28 Promotes Ribonucleotide Reductase Subcellular Redistribution during S Phase. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00497-17. [PMID: 29263158 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00497-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A tightly controlled cellular deoxyribonucleotide (deoxynucleoside triphosphate [dNTP]) pool is critical for maintenance of genome integrity. One mode of dNTP pool regulation is through subcellular localization of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of dNTP biosynthesis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the RNR small subunit, Rnr2-Rnr4, is localized to the nucleus, whereas the large subunit, Rnr1, is cytoplasmic. As cells enter S phase or encounter DNA damage, Rnr2-Rnr4 relocalizes to the cytoplasm to form an active holoenzyme complex with Rnr1. Although the DNA damage-induced relocalization requires the checkpoint kinases Mec1-Rad53-Dun1, the S-phase-specific redistribution does not. Here, we report that the S-phase cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complex Clb6-Cdc28 controls Rnr2-Rnr4 relocalization in S phase. Rnr2 contains a consensus CDK site and exhibits Clb6-dependent phosphorylation in S phase. Deletion of CLB6 or removal of the CDK site results in an increased association of Rnr2 with its nuclear anchor Wtm1, nuclear retention of Rnr2-Rnr4, and an enhanced sensitivity to the RNR inhibitor hydroxyurea. Thus, we propose that Rnr2-Rnr4 redistribution in S phase is triggered by Clb6-Cdc28-mediated phosphorylation of Rnr2, which disrupts the Rnr2-Wtm1 interaction and promotes the release of Rnr2-Rnr4 from the nucleus.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cho E, Yen Y. Novel regulators and molecular mechanisms of p53R2 and its disease relevance. Biochimie 2016; 123:81-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
5
|
Kuo ML, Lee MBE, Tang M, den Besten W, Hu S, Sweredoski MJ, Hess S, Chou CM, Changou CA, Su M, Jia W, Su L, Yen Y. PYCR1 and PYCR2 Interact and Collaborate with RRM2B to Protect Cells from Overt Oxidative Stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18846. [PMID: 26733354 PMCID: PMC4702135 DOI: 10.1038/srep18846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase small subunit B (RRM2B) is a stress response protein that protects normal human fibroblasts from oxidative stress. However, the underlying mechanism that governs this function is not entirely understood. To identify factors that interact with RRM2B and mediate anti-oxidation function, large-scale purification of human Flag-tagged RRM2B complexes was performed. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 and 2 (PYCR1, PYCR2) were identified by mass spectrometry analysis as components of RRM2B complexes. Silencing of both PYCR1 and PYCR2 by expressing short hairpin RNAs induced defects in cell proliferation, partial fragmentation of the mitochondrial network, and hypersensitivity to oxidative stress in hTERT-immortalized human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-hTERT). Moderate overexpression of RRM2B, comparable to stress-induced level, protected cells from oxidative stress. Silencing of both PYCR1 and PYCR2 completely abolished anti-oxidation activity of RRM2B, demonstrating a functional collaboration of these metabolic enzymes in response to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Kuo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mabel Bin-Er Lee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Michelle Tang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Willem den Besten
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Shuya Hu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Michael J. Sweredoski
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125
| | - Sonja Hess
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 110
| | - Chun A. Changou
- Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 110
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 110
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 110
| | - Mingming Su
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI 96813, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI 96813, USA
| | - Leila Su
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 110
| | - Yun Yen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 110
- Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 110
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 110
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 110
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Piao C, Cai L, Qiu S, Jia L, Song W, Du J. Complement 5a Enhances Hepatic Metastases of Colon Cancer via Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1-mediated Inflammatory Cell Infiltration. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10667-76. [PMID: 25739439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement 5a (C5a), a potent immune mediator generated by complement activation, promotes tumor growth; however, its role in tumor metastasis remains unclear. We demonstrate that C5a contributes to tumor metastases by modulating tumor inflammation in hepatic metastases of colon cancer. Colon cancer cell lines generate C5a under serum-free conditions, and C5a levels increase over time in a murine syngeneic colon cancer hepatic metastasis model. Furthermore, in the absence of C5a receptor or upon pharmacological inhibition of C5a production with an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody, tumor metastasis is severely impaired. A lack of C5a receptor in colon cancer metastatic foci reduces the infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, and the role for C5a receptor on these cells were further verified by bone marrow transplantation experiments. Moreover, C5a signaling increases the expression of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and the anti-inflammatory molecules arginase-1, interleukin 10, and transforming growth factor β, but is inversely correlated with the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, which suggests a mechanism for the role of C5a in the inflammatory microenvironment required for tumor metastasis. Our results indicate a new and potentially promising therapeutic application of complement C5a inhibitor for the treatment of malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Piao
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lun Cai
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Shulan Qiu
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Lixin Jia
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Wenchao Song
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Jie Du
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morafraile EC, Diffley JFX, Tercero JA, Segurado M. Checkpoint-dependent RNR induction promotes fork restart after replicative stress. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7886. [PMID: 25601385 PMCID: PMC4298733 DOI: 10.1038/srep07886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The checkpoint kinase Rad53 is crucial to regulate DNA replication in the presence of replicative stress. Under conditions that interfere with the progression of replication forks, Rad53 prevents Exo1-dependent fork degradation. However, although EXO1 deletion avoids fork degradation in rad53 mutants, it does not suppress their sensitivity to the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitor hydroxyurea (HU). In this case, the inability to restart stalled forks is likely to account for the lethality of rad53 mutant cells after replication blocks. Here we show that Rad53 regulates replication restart through the checkpoint-dependent transcriptional response, and more specifically, through RNR induction. Thus, in addition to preventing fork degradation, Rad53 prevents cell death in the presence of HU by regulating RNR-expression and localization. When RNR is induced in the absence of Exo1 and RNR negative regulators, cell viability of rad53 mutants treated with HU is increased and the ability of replication forks to restart after replicative stress is restored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther C. Morafraile
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica and Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, (CSIC/USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - John F. X. Diffley
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts. EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - José Antonio Tercero
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Segurado
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica and Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, (CSIC/USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts. EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tian H, Ge C, Li H, Zhao F, Hou H, Chen T, Jiang G, Xie H, Cui Y, Yao M, Li J. Ribonucleotide reductase M2B inhibits cell migration and spreading by early growth response protein 1-mediated phosphatase and tensin homolog/Akt1 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2014; 59:1459-70. [PMID: 24214128 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ribonucleotide reductase (RR)M2B is an enzyme belonging to the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme family, which is essential for DNA synthesis and repair. RRM2B plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis; however, little is known about the expression and underlying molecular mechanisms of RRM2B in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we report that down-regulation of RRM2B in HCC is negatively associated with intrahepatic metastasis, regardless of p53 status. Moreover, the ectopic overexpression of RRM2B decreased HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro, whereas silencing RRM2B expression resulted in increased migration and invasion in vitro and intrahepatic and lung metastasis in vivo. Additionally, knockdown of RRM2B by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in HCC cells was associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including the down-regulation of E-cadherin, and the concomitant up-regulation of N-cadherin and slug. A further experiment showed that RRM2B inhibited cell migration and spreading through regulation of the early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1)/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/Akt1 pathway. Consistently, we also detected a significant correlation between RRM2B and E-cadherin protein expression in HCC tissues. Furthermore, Egr-1 also directly bound to the RRM2B promoter and repressed RRM2B transcription, thereby establishing a negative regulatory feedback loop. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that RRM2B suppresses cell migration and spreading by way of modulation of the Egr-1/PTEN/Akt1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hsu NY, Lee H, Cheng YW, Yen Y. [Ribonucleotide reductase and non-small cell lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2012; 15:619-23. [PMID: 23092586 PMCID: PMC6000032 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2012.11.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Yung Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|