1
|
Ferguson R, Aughton K, Evans A, Shaw V, Armstrong J, Ware A, Bennett L, Costello E, Greenhalf W. Mutant K-Ras in Pancreatic Cancer: An Insight on the Role of Wild-Type N-Ras and K-Ras-Dependent Cell Cycle Regulation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2505-2520. [PMID: 36975534 PMCID: PMC10047412 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of K-Ras independence may explain the failure of targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer (PC). In this paper, active N as well as K-Ras was shown in all human cell lines tested. In a cell line dependent on mutant K-Ras, it was shown that depleting K-Ras reduced total Ras activity, while cell lines described as independent had no significant decline in total Ras activity. The knockdown of N-Ras showed it had an important role in controlling the relative level of oxidative metabolism, but only K-Ras depletion caused a decrease in G2 cyclins. Proteasome inhibition reversed this, and other targets of APC/c were also decreased by K-Ras depletion. K-Ras depletion did not cause an increase in ubiquitinated G2 cyclins but instead caused exit from the G2 phase to slow relative to completion of the S-phase, suggesting that the mutant K-Ras may inhibit APC/c prior to anaphase and stabilise G2 cyclins independently of this. We propose that, during tumorigenesis, cancer cells expressing wild-type N-Ras protein are selected because the protein protects cancer cells from the deleterious effects of the cell cycle-independent induction of cyclins by mutant K-Ras. Mutation independence results when N-Ras activity becomes adequate to drive cell division, even in cells where K-Ras is inhibited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ferguson
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Karen Aughton
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Anthony Evans
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Victoria Shaw
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Jane Armstrong
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Adam Ware
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Laura Bennett
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Eithne Costello
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang WH, Liu Y, Hammes EA, Bryant KL, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA. Oncogenic RAS promotes MYC protein stability by upregulating the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family member Survivin. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102842. [PMID: 36581205 PMCID: PMC9860443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase KRAS is frequently mutated in pancreatic cancer and its cooperation with the transcription factor MYC is essential for malignant transformation. The key to oncogenic KRAS and MYC working together is the stabilization of MYC expression due to KRAS activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, which phosphorylates MYC at serine 62 (Ser 62). This prevents the proteasomal degradation of MYC while enhancing its transcriptional activity. Here, we identify how this essential signaling connection between oncogenic KRAS and MYC expression is mediated by the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family member Survivin. This discovery stemmed from our finding that Survivin expression is downregulated upon treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with the KRASG12C inhibitor Sotorasib. We went on to show that oncogenic KRAS increases Survivin expression by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in pancreatic cancer cells and that treating the cells either with siRNAs targeting Survivin or with YM155, a small molecule that potently blocks Survivin expression, downregulates MYC and strongly inhibited their growth. We further determined that Survivin protects MYC from degradation by blocking autophagy, which then prevents cellular inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A from undergoing autophagic degradation. Cellular inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A, by inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A, helps to maintain MYC phosphorylation at Ser 62, thereby ensuring its cooperation with oncogenic KRAS in driving cancer progression. Overall, these findings highlight a novel role for Survivin in mediating the cooperative actions of KRAS and MYC during malignant transformation and raise the possibility that targeting Survivin may offer therapeutic benefits against KRAS-driven cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yinzhe Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Emma A Hammes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kirsten L Bryant
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | - Marc A Antonyak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ferreira A, Pereira F, Reis C, Oliveira MJ, Sousa MJ, Preto A. Crucial Role of Oncogenic KRAS Mutations in Apoptosis and Autophagy Regulation: Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142183. [PMID: 35883626 PMCID: PMC9319879 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS, one of the RAS protein family members, plays an important role in autophagy and apoptosis, through the regulation of several downstream effectors. In cancer cells, KRAS mutations confer the constitutive activation of this oncogene, stimulating cell proliferation, inducing autophagy, suppressing apoptosis, altering cell metabolism, changing cell motility and invasion and modulating the tumor microenvironment. In order to inhibit apoptosis, these oncogenic mutations were reported to upregulate anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-xL and survivin, and to downregulate proteins related to apoptosis induction, including thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In addition, KRAS mutations are known to induce autophagy in order to promote cell survival and tumor progression through MAPK and PI3K regulation. Thus, these mutations confer resistance to anti-cancer drug treatment and, consequently, result in poor prognosis. Several therapies have been developed in order to overcome KRAS-induced cell death resistance and the downstream signaling pathways blockade, especially by combining MAPK and PI3K inhibitors, which demonstrated promising results. Understanding the involvement of KRAS mutations in apoptosis and autophagy regulation, might bring new avenues to the discovery of therapeutic approaches for CRCs harboring KRAS mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Flávia Pereira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso Reis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-601524
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guzmán EA, Pitts TP, Tandberg KR, Winder PL, Wright AE. Discovery of Survivin Inhibitors Part 1: Screening the Harbor Branch Pure Compound Library. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020073. [PMID: 33573152 PMCID: PMC7911841 DOI: 10.3390/md19020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a 16.5 KDa protein whose functions include promoting cellular mitosis, angiogenesis, and senescence as well as inhibiting apoptosis. Higher survivin expression is found in cancer tissues than normal tissues, and this expression correlates with disease progression and aggressiveness. Survivin has been validated as a clinical target for cancer. Small molecules are important antagonists of survivin levels in cancer cells. A structurally diverse library of genetically encoded small molecules (natural products) derived from marine plants, invertebrates, and microbes was screened for their ability to reduce expression levels of survivin in the DLD-1 colon adenocarcinoma and the A549 nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cell lines. This led to the identification of this novel activity for the known compounds eryloside E, ilicicolin H, tanzawaic acid A, and p-hydroxyphenopyrrozin. Both eryloside E and ilicicolin H showed the ability to reduce survivin expression in the low micromolar range against both cell lines.
Collapse
|
5
|
Callejo M, Mondejar-Parreño G, Morales-Cano D, Barreira B, Esquivel-Ruiz S, Olivencia MA, Manaud G, Perros F, Duarte J, Moreno L, Cogolludo A, Perez-Vizcaíno F. Vitamin D deficiency downregulates TASK-1 channels and induces pulmonary vascular dysfunction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L627-L640. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00475.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) receptor regulates the expression of several genes involved in signaling pathways affected in pulmonary hypertension (PH). VitD deficiency is highly prevalent in PH, and low levels are associated with poor prognosis. We investigated if VitD deficiency may predispose to or exacerbate PH. Male Wistar rats were fed with a standard or a VitD-free diet for 5 wk. Next, rats were further divided into controls or PH, which was induced by a single dose of Su-5416 (20 mg/kg) and exposure to hypoxia (10% O2) for 2 wk. VitD deficiency had no effect on pulmonary pressure in normoxic rats, indicating that, by itself, it does not trigger PH. However, it induced several moderate but significant changes characteristic of PH in the pulmonary arteries, such as increased muscularization, endothelial dysfunction, increased survivin, and reduced bone morphogenetic protein ( Bmp) 4, Bmp6, DNA damage-inducible transcript 4, and K+ two - pore domain channel subfamily K member 3 ( Kcnk3) expression. Myocytes isolated from pulmonary arteries from VitD-deficient rats had a reduced whole voltage-dependent potassium current density and acid-sensitive (TASK-like) potassium currents. In rats with PH induced by Su-5416 plus hypoxia, VitD-free diet induced a modest increase in pulmonary pressure, worsened endothelial function, increased the hyperreactivity to serotonin, arterial muscularization, decreased total and TASK-1 potassium currents, and further depolarized the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell membrane. In human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from controls and patients with PH, the active form of VitD calcitriol significantly increased KCNK3 mRNA expression. Altogether, these data strongly suggest that the deficit in VitD induces pulmonary vascular dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Callejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Mondejar-Parreño
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Morales-Cano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Olivencia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Grégoire Manaud
- Université Paris–Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Université Paris–Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Woo SM, Seo SU, Min KJ, Kwon TK. BIX-01294 sensitizes renal cancer Caki cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through downregulation of survivin expression and upregulation of DR5 expression. Cell Death Discov 2018. [PMID: 29531826 PMCID: PMC5841352 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BIX-01294 (BIX), a G9a histone methyltransferase inhibitor, has been reported for its anti-proliferative and anticancer activities against various cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated whether BIX could sensitize TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in various cancer cells. Combined treatment with BIX and TRAIL markedly induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma (Caki, ACHN, and A498), breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and lung carcinoma (A549) cells. In contrast, BIX and TRAIL co-treatment did not induce apoptosis in normal cells, specifically mouse kidney cell (TCMK-1) and human skin fibroblast (HSF). BIX downregulated protein expression levels of XIAP and survivin at the post-translational level. Overexpression of survivin markedly blocked combined BIX and TRAIL treatment-induced apoptosis, but XIAP had no effect. Furthermore, BIX induced upregulation of DR5 expression at the transcriptional levels, and knockdown of DR5 expression using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) markedly attenuated BIX and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated G9a histone methyltransferase knockdown also enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Caki cells. However, knockdown of G9a did not change expression levels of XIAP, survivin, and DR5. Therefore, BIX-mediated TRAIL sensitization was independent of histone methyltransferase G9a activity. Taken together, these results suggest that BIX facilitates TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via downregulation of survivin and upregulation of DR5 expression in renal carcinoma Caki cells. ▶ BIX facilitates TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human renal carcinoma Caki cells. ▶ Downregulation of survivin contributes to BIX plus TRAIL-induced apoptosis. ▶ Upregulation of DR5 is involved in BIX plus TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. ▶ BIX-mediated TRAIL sensitization is independent of ROS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601 South Korea
| | - Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601 South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601 South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Werner K, Lademann F, Thepkaysone ML, Jahnke B, Aust DE, Kahlert C, Weber G, Weitz J, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C. Simultaneous gene silencing of KRAS and anti-apoptotic genes as a multitarget therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3984-92. [PMID: 26716649 PMCID: PMC4826184 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal tumor types worldwide and an effective therapy is still elusive. Targeted therapy focused against a specific alteration is by definition unable to attack broad pathway signaling modification. Tumor heterogeneity will render targeted therapies ineffective based on the regrowth of cancer cell sub-clones. Therefore multimodal therapy strategies, targeting signaling pathways simultaneously should improve treatment. SiRNAs against KRAS and the apoptosis associated genes BCLXL, FLIP, MCL1L, SURVIVIN and XIAP were transfected into human and murine pancreatic cancer cell lines. Induction of apoptosis was measured by Caspase 3/7 activation, subG1 FACS analysis and PARP cleavage. The therapeutic approach was tested in a subcutaneous allograft model with a murine cancer cell line. By using siRNAs as a systematic approach to remodel signal transduction in pancreatic cancer the results showed increasing inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis induction in vitro and in vivo. Thus, siRNAs are suitable to model multimodal therapy against signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer. Improvements in in vivo delivery of siRNAs against a multitude of targets might therefore be a potential therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Werner
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Lademann
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - May-Linn Thepkaysone
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Beatrix Jahnke
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela E Aust
- Institute of Pathology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Weber
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Survivin Modulates Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Derived Stem-Like Cell Proliferation, Viability and Tumor Formation in Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010089. [PMID: 26771605 PMCID: PMC4730332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous Cell Carcinoma-derived Stem-like Cells (SCC-SC) originate from alterations in keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) gene expression and sustain tumor development, invasion and recurrence. Since survivin, a KSC marker, is highly expressed in SCC-SC, we evaluate its role in SCC-SC cell growth and SCC models. Survivin silencing by siRNA decreases clonal growth of SCC keratinocytes and viability of total, rapidly adhering (RAD) and non-RAD (NRAD) cells from primary SCC. Similarly, survivin silencing reduces the expression of stem cell markers (OCT4, NOTCH1, CD133, β1-integrin), while it increases the level of differentiation markers (K10, involucrin). Moreover, survivin silencing improves the malignant phenotype of SCC 3D-reconstruct, as demonstrated by reduced epidermal thickness, lower Ki-67 positive cell number, and decreased expression of MMP9 and psoriasin. Furthermore, survivin depletion by siRNA in RasG12V-IκBα-derived tumors leads to smaller tumor formation characterized by lower mitotic index and reduced expression of the tumor-associated marker HIF1α, VEGF and CD51. Therefore, our results indicate survivin as a key gene in regulating SCC cancer stem cell formation and cSCC development.
Collapse
|
9
|
Han MA, Lee DH, Woo SM, Seo BR, Min KJ, Kim S, Park JW, Kim SH, Choi YH, Kwon TK. Galangin sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins in renal carcinoma Caki cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18642. [PMID: 26725939 PMCID: PMC4698673 DOI: 10.1038/srep18642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin, bioflavonoids, has been shown anti-cancer properties in various cancer cells. In this study, we investigated whether galangin could enhance TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in TRAIL resistant renal carcinoma Caki cells. Galangin alone and TRAIL alone had no effect on apoptosis, while combined treatment with galangin and TRAIL significantly induced apoptosis in renal carcinoma (Caki, ACHN and A498) but not normal cells (normal mouse kidney cells and human normal mesangial cells). Galangin induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein at the transcriptional level via inhibition of NF-κB activation but not p53 pathway. Furthermore, galangin induced down-regulation of cFLIP, Mcl-1 and survivin expression at the post-translational levels, and the over-expression of Bcl-2, cFLIP, Mcl-1 and survivin markedly reduced galangin-induced TRAIL sensitization. In addition, galangin increased proteasome activity, but galangin had no effect on expression of proteasome subunits (PSMA5 and PSMD4). In conclusion, our investigation suggests that galangin is a potent candidate for sensitizer of TRAIL resistant cancer cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ae Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Dong Hee Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Bo Ram Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Survivin is a well-established target in experimental cancer therapy. The molecule is over-expressed in most human tumors, but hardly detectable in normal tissues. Multiple functions in different subcellular compartments have been assigned. It participates in the control of cell division, apoptosis, the cellular stress response, and also in the regulation of cell migration and metastasis. Survivin expression has been recognized as a biomarker: high expression indicates an unfavorable prognosis and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation treatment. Survivin is an unconventional drug target and several indirect approaches have been exploited to affect its function and the phenotype of survivin-expressing cells. Interference with the expression of the survivin gene, the utilization of its messenger RNA, the intracellular localization, the interaction with binding partners, the stability of the survivin protein, and the induction of survivin-specific immune responses have been taken into consideration. A direct strategy to inhibit survivin has been based on the identification of a specifically interacting peptide. This peptide can recognize survivin intracellularly and cause the degradation of the ligand–survivin complex. Technology is being developed that might allow the derivation of small molecular-weight, drug-like compounds that are functionally equivalent to the peptide ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Groner
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Paul Ehrlich Str. 42, 60322, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of casticin on apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro and the possible mechanisms involved.
METHODS: Rat HSC-T6 cells were cultured in high-glucose DMEM and then treated with different concentrations of casticin (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μmol/L) for 12, 24 and 48 h. HSC-T6 apoptosis was identified by flow cytometry (FCM) and agarose gel electrophoresis. The mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes Fas/FasL and Bcl-2 was examined by RT-PCR. The expression of Caspase3 was studied by immunocytochemical staining assay (SABC).
RESULTS: Casticin treatment significantly increased the apoptosis of HSC-T6 in a dose- and time-dependent manner compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The highest apoptosis rate was observed in HSC-T6 cells treated with 2.0 μmol/L of casticin for 48 h (55.70% ± 5.56%). An oligonucleosomal DNA ladder was demonstrated by SABC, indicating DNA break in HSC-T6 cells. The expression of Fas/FasL mRNA was increased, while expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was reduced. After HSC-T6 cells were treated with casticin at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μmol/L for 48 h, the positive rates of Caspase3 protein expression were 12.78% ± 0.74%, 41.00% ± 1.51% and 71.33% ± 2.68%, respectively. Casticin treatment significantly increased Caspase3 protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner compared with the control group (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Casticin induced apoptosis of HSC-T6 cells may involve mitochondrial pathways and Bcl-2 family proteins. Casticin might be a potential Chinese medical component for inhibiting liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|