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William JNG, Dhar R, Gundamaraju R, Sahoo OS, Pethusamy K, Raj AFPAM, Ramasamy S, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Karmakar S. SKping cell cycle regulation: role of ubiquitin ligase SKP2 in hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1288501. [PMID: 38559562 PMCID: PMC10978726 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1288501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) is a member of the F-box family of substrate-recognition subunits in the SCF ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. It is associated with ubiquitin-mediated degradation in the mammalian cell cycle components and other target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and transcription. Being an oncogene in solid tumors and hematological malignancies, it is frequently associated with drug resistance and poor disease outcomes. In the current review, we discussed the novel role of SKP2 in different hematological malignancies. Further, we performed a limited in-silico analysis to establish the involvement of SKP2 in a few publicly available cancer datasets. Interestingly, our study identified Skp2 expression to be altered in a cancer-specific manner. While it was found to be overexpressed in several cancer types, few cancer showed a down-regulation in SKP2. Our review provides evidence for developing novel SKP2 inhibitors in hematological malignancies. We also investigated the effect of SKP2 status on survival and disease progression. In addition, the role of miRNA and its associated families in regulating Skp2 expression was explored. Subsequently, we predicted common miRNAs against Skp2 genes by using miRNA-predication tools. Finally, we discussed current approaches and future prospective approaches to target the Skp2 gene by using different drugs and miRNA-based therapeutics applications in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonahunnatha Nesson George William
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), Ageing Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Intestinal Mucosal Biology Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subbiah Ramasamy
- Cardiac Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Department Of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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2
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Patrício P, Mateus-Pinheiro A, Machado-Santos AR, Alves ND, Correia JS, Morais M, Bessa JM, Rodrigues AJ, Sousa N, Pinto L. Cell Cycle Regulation of Hippocampal Progenitor Cells in Experimental Models of Depression and after Treatment with Fluoxetine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111798. [PMID: 34769232 PMCID: PMC8584049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in adult hippocampal cell proliferation and genesis have been largely implicated in depression and antidepressant action, though surprisingly, the underlying cell cycle mechanisms are largely undisclosed. Using both an in vivo unpredictable chronic mild stress (uCMS) rat model of depression and in vitro rat hippocampal-derived neurosphere culture approaches, we aimed to unravel the cell cycle mechanisms regulating hippocampal cell proliferation and genesis in depression and after antidepressant treatment. We show that the hippocampal dentate gyrus (hDG) of uCMS animals have less proliferating cells and a decreased proportion of cells in the G2/M phase, suggesting a G1 phase arrest; this is accompanied by decreased levels of cyclin D1, E, and A expression. Chronic fluoxetine treatment reversed the G1 phase arrest and promoted an up-regulation of cyclin E. In vitro, dexamethasone (DEX) decreased cell proliferation, whereas the administration of serotonin (5-HT) reversed it. DEX also induced a G1-phase arrest and decreased cyclin D1 and D2 expression levels while increasing p27. Additionally, 5-HT treatment could partly reverse the G1-phase arrest and restored cyclin D1 expression. We suggest that the anti-proliferative actions of chronic stress in the hDG result from a glucocorticoid-mediated G1-phase arrest in the progenitor cells that is partly mediated by decreased cyclin D1 expression which may be overcome by antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.-P.); (A.R.M.-S.); (N.D.A.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.); (J.M.B.); (A.J.R.); (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- B’nML—Behavioral &Molecular Lab, 4715-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (L.P.)
| | - António Mateus-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.-P.); (A.R.M.-S.); (N.D.A.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.); (J.M.B.); (A.J.R.); (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- B’nML—Behavioral &Molecular Lab, 4715-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Machado-Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.-P.); (A.R.M.-S.); (N.D.A.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.); (J.M.B.); (A.J.R.); (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dinis Alves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.-P.); (A.R.M.-S.); (N.D.A.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.); (J.M.B.); (A.J.R.); (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joana Sofia Correia
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.-P.); (A.R.M.-S.); (N.D.A.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.); (J.M.B.); (A.J.R.); (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mónica Morais
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.-P.); (A.R.M.-S.); (N.D.A.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.); (J.M.B.); (A.J.R.); (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Miguel Bessa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.-P.); (A.R.M.-S.); (N.D.A.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.); (J.M.B.); (A.J.R.); (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- B’nML—Behavioral &Molecular Lab, 4715-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.-P.); (A.R.M.-S.); (N.D.A.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.); (J.M.B.); (A.J.R.); (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.-P.); (A.R.M.-S.); (N.D.A.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.); (J.M.B.); (A.J.R.); (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.-P.); (A.R.M.-S.); (N.D.A.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.); (J.M.B.); (A.J.R.); (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- B’nML—Behavioral &Molecular Lab, 4715-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (L.P.)
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Fujimura T, Yamashita-Kashima Y, Kawasaki N, Yoshiura S, Harada N, Yoshimura Y. Obinutuzumab in Combination with Chemotherapy Enhances Direct Cell Death in CD20-Positive Obinutuzumab-resistant Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1133-1141. [PMID: 33850006 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma commonly recurs and is difficult to cure. Obinutuzumab is a humanized glycoengineered type II anti-CD20 antibody with a mode of action that includes induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and direct cell death. There is no evidence on the effectiveness of retreatment with obinutuzumab in patients with prior obinutuzumab treatment. Using obinutuzumab-induced direct-cell-death-resistant cells, we investigated the efficacy of obinutuzumab retreatment in combination with chemotherapeutic agents used in follicular lymphoma treatment. Human non-Hodgkin lymphoma SU-DHL-4 cells were sustainably exposed to obinutuzumab in vitro, and 17 resistant clones expressing CD20 and showing 100-fold higher IC50 of obinutuzumab than parental cells were established. The growth inhibition effect of obinutuzumab in combination with bendamustine, 4-hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, or prednisolone was estimated using an interaction index based on the Bliss independence model. For each clone, there were various combinations of obinutuzumab and chemotherapeutic agents that showed supra-additive effects. Obinutuzumab combined with doxorubicin enhanced caspase-dependent apoptosis and growth inhibition effect. Obinutuzumab combined with prednisolone enhanced DNA fragmentation and G0-G1 arrest. These combinations also had an antitumor effect in mouse xenograft models. Our results indicate that retreatment with obinutuzumab, when it is combined with chemotherapeutic agents, is effective in the CD20-positive obinutuzumab-induced direct-cell-death-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Fujimura
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Natsumi Kawasaki
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yoshiura
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshimura
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
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4
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Clarisse D, Offner F, De Bosscher K. Latest perspectives on glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and resistance in lymphoid malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188430. [PMID: 32950642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are essential drugs in the treatment protocols of lymphoid malignancies. These steroidal hormones trigger apoptosis of the malignant cells by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Long term glucocorticoid treatment is limited by two major problems: the development of glucocorticoid-related side effects, which hampers patient quality of life, and the emergence of glucocorticoid resistance, which is a gradual process that is inevitable in many patients. This emphasizes the need to reevaluate and optimize the widespread use of glucocorticoids in lymphoid malignancies. To achieve this goal, a deep understanding of the mechanisms governing glucocorticoid responsiveness is required, yet, a recent comprehensive overview is currently lacking. In this review, we examine how glucocorticoids mediate apoptosis by detailing GR's genomic and non-genomic action mechanisms in lymphoid malignancies. We continue with a discussion of the glucocorticoid-related problems and how these are intertwined with one another. We further zoom in on glucocorticoid resistance by critically analyzing the plethora of proposed mechanisms and highlighting therapeutic opportunities that emerge from these studies. In conclusion, early detection of glucocorticoid resistance in patients remains an important challenge as this would result in a timelier treatment reorientation and reduced glucocorticoid-instigated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Fritz Offner
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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YU Q, XIONG X, SUN Y. [Targeting Cullin-RING E3 ligases for anti-cancer therapy: efforts on drug discovery]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:1-19. [PMID: 32621419 PMCID: PMC8800688 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.02.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) are the major components of ubiquitin-proteasome system, responsible for ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation of thousands of cellular proteins. CRLs play vital roles in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle, cell apoptosis, DNA replication, signalling transduction among the others, and are frequently dysregulated in many human cancers. The discovery of specific neddylation inhibitors, represented by MLN4924, has validated CRLs as promising targets for anti-cancer therapies with a growing market. Recent studies have focused on the discovery of the CRLs inhibitors by a variety of approaches, including high through-put screen, virtual screen or structure-based drug design. The field is, however, still facing the major challenging, since CRLs are a large multi-unit protein family without typical active pockets to facilitate the drug design, and enzymatic activity is mainly dependent on undruggable protein-protein interactions and dynamic conformation changes. Up to now, most reported CRLs inhibitors are aiming at targeting the F-box family proteins (e.g., SKP2, β-TrCP and FBXW7), the substrate recognition subunit of SCF E3 ligases. Other studies reported few small molecule inhibitors targeting the UBE2M-DCN1 interaction, which specifically inhibits CRL3/CRL1 by blocking the cullin neddylation. On the other hand, several CRL activators have been reported, such as plant auxin and immunomodulatory imide drugs, thalidomide. Finally, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has emerged as a new technology in the field of drug discovery, specifically targeting the undruggable protein-protein interaction. The technique connects the small molecule that selectively binds to a target protein to a CRL E3 via a chemical linker to trigger the degradation of target protein. The PROTAC has become a hotspot in the field of E3-ligase-based anti-cancer drug discovery.
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Rizk-Rabin M, Chaoui-Ibadioune S, Vaczlavik A, Ribes C, Polak M, Ragazzon B, Bertherat J. Link between steroidogenesis, the cell cycle, and PKA in adrenocortical tumor cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 500:110636. [PMID: 31678420 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) frequently cause steroid excess and present cell-cycle dysregulation. cAMP/PKA signaling is involved in steroid synthesis and play a role in cell-cycle regulation. We investigated, by cell synchronization in the different phases of the cell-cycle, the control of steroidogenesis and the contribution of PKA in adrenocortical cells (H295R and culture of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease cells). Cells showed increased steroidogenesis and a maximal PKA activity at G2 phase, and a reduction at G1 phase. PRKACA overexpression, or cAMP stimulation, enhanced PKA activity and induced steroidogenesis in all synchronized groups but is not sufficient to drive cell-cycle progression. PRKAR1A inactivation enhanced PKA activity and induced STAR gene expression, only in cells in G1, and triggered cell-cycle progression in all groups. These findings provide evidence for a tight association between steroidogenesis and cell-cycle in ACTs. Moreover, PRKAR1A is essential for mediating the function of PKA activity on both steroidogenesis and cell-cycle progression in adrenocortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Rizk-Rabin
- Institut Cochin, U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | | | - Anna Vaczlavik
- Institut Cochin, U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Christopher Ribes
- Institut Cochin, U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Institut Cochin, U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Hopital Necker Enfants Maladies, Department of Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Institut Cochin, U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jerôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Hôpital Cochin, Department of Endocrinology. Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Paris, France
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7
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Chabaane M, Amelot A, Riche M, Bielle F, Mokhtari K, Carpentier A, Touat M, Mathon B. Efficacy of a Second Brain Biopsy for Intracranial Lesions after Initial Negativity. J Clin Neurol 2020; 16:659-667. [PMID: 33029973 PMCID: PMC7542000 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2020.16.4.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The rationale for performing a second brain biopsy after initial negativity is not well evaluated in the literature. This study was designed to 1) assess the efficacy of a second brain biopsy when the first biopsy was nondiagnostic, 2) identify possible factors associated with an increased diagnostic rate in the second biopsy, and 3) analyze additional morbidity induced by the second biopsy. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study from 2009 to 2019, during which 1,919 patients underwent a brain biopsy, including 30 who were biopsied twice (1.6%). The specific histological diagnosis rate, diagnosis-associated factors, and complication rate were assessed for the 30 twice-biopsied patients. Results The second biopsy allowed a specific histological diagnosis in 86.7% of the patients who had initially undergone a nondiagnostic brain biopsy [odds ratio (OR)=7.5, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.0–18.7, p<0.001]. The multivariate analysis showed that only prebiopsy corticosteroid administration (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.1–6.0, p=0.01) was an important factor in predicting a nondiagnostic biopsy. None of the patients developed a symptomatic complication after the first biopsy, while two (6.0%) patients experienced a transient complication after the second biopsy (p=0.49). Conclusions Performing a second brain biopsy in patients who have an initial nondiagnostic biopsy is effective in most cases. We advocate that a second biopsy be systematically considered in the diagnosis algorithm of these patients after it has been verified that molecular testing cannot help to obtain a diagnosis. Corticosteroid administration can lead to nondiagnostic biopsies and should be avoided when possible during the prebiopsy period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Chabaane
- Department of Neurosurgery, La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aymeric Amelot
- Department of Neurosurgery, La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maximilien Riche
- Department of Neurosurgery, La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- Department of Neuropathology, La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Karima Mokhtari
- Department of Neuropathology, La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Carpentier
- Department of Neurosurgery, La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Touat
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France.,Department of Neuro-Oncology, La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Mathon
- Department of Neurosurgery, La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France.
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8
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Cuoco JA, Klein BJ, Busch CM, Guilliams EL, Olasunkanmi AL, Entwistle JJ. Corticosteroid-Induced Regression of Glioblastoma: A Radiographic Conundrum. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1288. [PMID: 31824861 PMCID: PMC6882932 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid-induced regression of lesion contrast enhancement on imaging studies is most commonly appreciated with primary central nervous system lymphoma; however, although exceedingly rare, a limited number of primary and metastatic intracranial lesions have been reported to exhibit similar radiographic changes subsequent to corticosteroid therapy. To date, there have been six cases of glioblastoma reported to exhibit such changes. Lesion transformation on repeat imaging after the initiation of steroids represents a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians when attempting to differentiate between a diagnosis of glioblastoma and lymphoma. Stereotactic biopsy may be inadvertently postponed due to high clinical suspicion for steroid-induced cytotoxicity traditionally seen with lymphomatous cells. To highlight this radiographic conundrum, we present a rare case of corticosteroid-induced regression of glioblastoma and discuss the relevant literature. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to describe the molecular profile of a glioblastoma that underwent corticosteroid-induced regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Cuoco
- Section of Neurosurgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Brendan J Klein
- Section of Neurosurgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Christopher M Busch
- Section of Neurosurgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Evin L Guilliams
- Section of Neurosurgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Adeolu L Olasunkanmi
- Section of Neurosurgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John J Entwistle
- Section of Neurosurgery, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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9
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Akaihata M, Shikama Y, Matsumoto Y, Ono T, Kimura J, Hosoya M. Glucocorticoids attenuate the sensitivity of glucocorticoid-resistant lymphoid cells to doxorubicin via reduction in OCTN2. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 459:49-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Li X, Elmira E, Rohondia S, Wang J, Liu J, Dou QP. A patent review of the ubiquitin ligase system: 2015-2018. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:919-937. [PMID: 30449221 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1549229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has been validated as a novel anticancer drug target in the past 20 years. The UPS contains two distinct steps: ubiquitination of a substrate protein by ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3), and substrate degradation by the 26S proteasome complex. The E3 enzyme is the central player in the ubiquitination step and has a wide range of specific substrates in cancer cells, offering great opportunities for discovery and development of selective drugs. Areas covered: This review summarizes the recent advances in small molecule inhibitors of E1s, E2s, and E3s, with a focus on the latest patents (from 2015 to 2018) of E3 inhibitors and modulators. Expert opinion: One strategy to overcome limitations of current 20S proteasome inhibitors is to discover inhibitors of the upstream key components of the UPS, such as E3 enzymes. E3s play important roles in cancer development and determine the specificity of substrate ubiquitination, offering novel target opportunities. E3 modulators could be developed by rational design, natural compound or library screening, old drug repurposes, and application of other novel technologies. Further understanding of mechanisms of E3-substrate interaction will be essential for discovering and developing next-generation E3 inhibitors as effective anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- a Department of Biotechnology , Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,b Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,c Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Ekinci Elmira
- c Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Sagar Rohondia
- c Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Jicang Wang
- c Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA.,d College of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- e Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- c Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA.,e Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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11
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Whitcomb EA, Tsai YC, Basappa J, Liu K, Le Feuvre AK, Weissman AM, Taylor A. Stabilization of p27 Kip1/CDKN1B by UBCH7/UBE2L3 catalyzed ubiquitinylation: a new paradigm in cell-cycle control. FASEB J 2018; 33:1235-1247. [PMID: 30113882 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800960r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitinylation drives many cellular processes by targeting proteins for proteasomal degradation. Ubiquitin conjugation enzymes promote ubiquitinylation and, thus, degradation of protein substrates. Ubiquitinylation is a well-known posttranslational modification controlling cell-cycle transitions and levels or/and activation levels of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes change during development and cell cycle. Progression through the cell cycle is tightly controlled by CDK inhibitors such as p27Kip1. Here we show that, in contrast to promoting its degradation, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBCH7/UBE2L3 specifically protects p27Kip1 from degradation. Overexpression of UBCH7/UBE2L3 stabilizes p27Kip1 and delays the G1-to-S transition, while depletion of UBCH7/UBE2L3 increases turnover of p27Kip1. Levels of p21Cip1/Waf1, p57Kip2, cyclin A and cyclin E, all of which are also involved in regulating the G1/S transition are not affected by UBCH7/UBE2L3 depletion. The effect of UBCH7/UBE2L3 on p27Kip1 is not due to alteration of the levels of any of the ubiquitin ligases known to ubiquitinylate p27Kip1. Rather, UBCH7/UBE2L3 catalyzes the conjugation of heterotypic ubiquitin chains on p27Kip1 that are proteolytically incompetent. These data reveal new controls and concepts about the ubiquitin proteasome system in which a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme selectively inhibits and may even protect, rather than promote degradation of a crucial cell-cycle regulatory molecule.-Whitcomb, E. A., Tsai, Y. C., Basappa, J., Liu, K., Le Feuvre, A. K., Weissman, A. M., Taylor, A. Stabilization of p27Kip1/CDKN1B by UBCH7/UBE2L3 catalyzed ubiquitinylation: a new paradigm in cell-cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Whitcomb
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research Jean Mayer-U.S. Department of Agriculture (JM-USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yien Che Tsai
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Johnvesly Basappa
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research Jean Mayer-U.S. Department of Agriculture (JM-USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research Jean Mayer-U.S. Department of Agriculture (JM-USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aurélie K Le Feuvre
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research Jean Mayer-U.S. Department of Agriculture (JM-USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allan M Weissman
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research Jean Mayer-U.S. Department of Agriculture (JM-USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Ding L, Li R, Han X, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Cui Y, Wang W, Bai J. Inhibition of Skp2 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627672 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common bone tumor that mainly affects children and young adults. S-phase kinase‑associated protein 2 (Skp2) has been characterized to play a critical oncogenic role in a variety of human malignancies. However, the biological function of Skp2 in OS remains largely obscure. In the present study, we elucidated the role of Skp2 in cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis and migration in OS cells. We found that depletion of Skp2 inhibited cell growth in both MG-63 and SW 1353 cells. Moreover, we observed that depletion of Skp2 triggered cell apoptosis in two OS cell lines. Furthermore, downregulation of Skp2 induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in OS cells. Notably, our wound healing assay results revealed that inhibition of Skp2 suppressed cell migration in OS cells. Invariably, our western blot results demonstrated that depletion of Skp2 in OS cells inhibited activation of pAkt and increased p27 expression in OS cells, suggesting that Skp2 exerted its oncogenic function partly through the regulation of Akt and p27. Our findings revealed that targeting Skp2 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Wu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
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13
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Wang H, Chen H, Zhou H, Yu W, Lu Z. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 3 Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Targeting p27. Oncol Res 2017; 25:1431-1440. [PMID: 28109073 PMCID: PMC7840971 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14835311718295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy of the head and neck that arises from the nasopharynx epithelium and is highly invasive. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3) belongs to the dual-specificity protein phosphatase family, which plays a key role in regulating cell division. Abnormal expression of CDKN3 has been found in numerous types of cancer. In the current study, we explored the possible role of CDKN3 in cell proliferation, ability to invade, and radiosensitivity in NPC cells. We reported that CDKN3 was upregulated and p27 was downregulated in NPC tissues and is associated with a worse prognosis for patients. In addition, downregulation of CDKN3 and upregulation of p27 decreased cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis, decreased cell invasion, and enhanced radiosensitivity. Silencing of p27 significantly inhibited the effects of the knockdown of CDKN3. Moreover, downregulation of CDKN3 and upregulation of p27 inhibited the increase in tumor volume and weight in implanted tumors, decreased the phosphorylation of Akt, and increased the expression of cleaved caspase 3 in tumors. CDKN3 expression was also inversely correlated with p27 expression in NPC patients. Knockdown of CDKN3 increased p27 expression. Silencing of p27 markedly inhibited the effects of CDKN3 on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, invasion, and radiosensitivity. These results demonstrate that upregulation of p27 is involved in the knockdown of CDKN3-induced decrease in cell proliferation, increase in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, decrease in invasion, and increase in radiosensitivity. The results demonstrate that the CDKN3/p27 axis may be a novel target in the treatment of NPC.
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14
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Zheng N, Zhou Q, Wang Z, Wei W. Recent advances in SCF ubiquitin ligase complex: Clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:12-22. [PMID: 27156687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
F-box proteins, which are subunit recruiting modules of SCF (SKP1-Cullin 1-F-box protein) E3 ligase complexes, play critical roles in the development and progression of human malignancies through governing multiple cellular processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, there are emerging studies that lead to the development of F-box proteins inhibitors with promising therapeutic potential. In this article, we describe how F-box proteins including but not restricted to well-established Fbw7, Skp2 and β-TRCP, are involved in tumorigenesis. However, in-depth investigation is required to further explore the mechanism and the physiological contribution of undetermined F-box proteins in carcinogenesis. Lastly, we suggest that targeting F-box proteins could possibly open new avenues for the treatment and prevention of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zheng
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, MA 02215, USA.
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15
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Podmirseg SR, Jäkel H, Ranches GD, Kullmann MK, Sohm B, Villunger A, Lindner H, Hengst L. Caspases uncouple p27(Kip1) from cell cycle regulated degradation and abolish its ability to stimulate cell migration and invasion. Oncogene 2016; 35:4580-90. [PMID: 26829051 PMCID: PMC4854979 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their role in programmed cell death, caspases exert non-lethal functions in diverse developmental processes including cell differentiation or tissue remodeling. Terminal cell cycle exit and differentiation can be promoted by increased level of the CDK inhibitor p27Kip1. Activated caspases cause proteolytic processing of p27, and we identified a novel caspase cleavage site in human p27 that removes a C-terminal fragment of 22 amino acids from the CDK inhibitor, including a phosphodegron. Thereby, caspases protect the inhibitor from SCF-Skp2-mediated degradation in S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. As a consequence, p27 becomes stabilized and remains an efficient nuclear inhibitor of cell cycle progression. Besides controlling cyclin/CDK kinase activity, p27 also regulates cytoskeletal dynamics, cell motility and cell invasion. Following processing by caspases, p27 fails to bind to RhoA and to inhibit its activation, and thereby abolishes the ability of p27 to stimulate cell migration and invasion. We propose that the stabilization of the CDK inhibitor and elimination of RhoA-induced cytoskeletal remodeling upon caspase processing could contribute to cell cycle exit and cytoskeletal remodeling during non-lethal caspase controlled differentiation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Podmirseg
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Jäkel
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G D Ranches
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M K Kullmann
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Sohm
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France.,CNRS, LIEC, UMR 7360, Metz, France
| | - A Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Hengst
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Jiang L, Xu L, Xie J, Li S, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Hou Z, Guo T, Shu X, Wang C, Fan W, Si Y, Yang Y, Kang Z, Fang M, Liu Q. Inhibition of autophagy overcomes glucocorticoid resistance in lymphoid malignant cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 16:466-76. [PMID: 25778879 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1016658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance remains a major obstacle to successful treatment of lymphoid malignancies. Till now, the precise mechanism of GC resistance remains unclear. In the present study, dexamethasone (Dex) inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle in G0/G1-phase, and induced apoptosis in Dex-sensitive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. However, Dex failed to cause cell death in Dex-resistant lymphoid malignant cells. Intriguingly, we found that autophagy was induced by Dex in resistant cells, as indicated by autophagosomes formation, LC3-I to LC3-II conversion, p62 degradation, and formation of acidic autophagic vacuoles. Moreover, the results showed that Dex reduced the activity of mTOR pathway, as determined by decreased phosphorylation levels of mTOR, Akt, P70S6K and 4E-BP1 in resistant cells. Inhibition of autophagy by either chloroquine (CQ) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) overcame Dex-resistance in lymphoid malignant cells by increasing apoptotic cell death in vitro. Consistently, inhibition of autophagy by stably knockdown of Beclin1 sensitized Dex-resistant lymphoid malignant cells to induction of apoptosis in vivo. Thus, inhibition of autophagy has the potential to improve lymphoid malignancy treatment by overcoming GC resistance.
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Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyladenine
- CQ, chloroquine
- Dex, dexamethasone
- Dox, doxorubicin
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MDC, monodansylcadaverine
- OCT, optimum cutting temperature
- Rapa, rapamycin; WST-8, 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2, 4-disulfophenyl)-2H- tetrazolium, monosodium salt
- apoptosis
- autophagy
- dexamethasone
- glucocorticoid resistance
- lymphoid malignancy
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- a Institute of Cancer Stem Cell; Dalian Medical University; Dalian, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Cancer Center; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
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17
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Vosper J, Masuccio A, Kullmann M, Ploner C, Geley S, Hengst L. Statin-induced depletion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate inhibits cell proliferation by a novel pathway of Skp2 degradation. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2889-902. [PMID: 25605247 PMCID: PMC4413625 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, such as lovastatin, can induce a cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. This robust antiproliferative activity remains intact in many cancer cells that are deficient in cell cycle checkpoints and leads to an increased expression of CDK inhibitor proteins p27Kip1 and p21Cip1. The molecular details of this statin-induced growth arrest remains unclear. Here we present evidence that lovastatin can induce the degradation of Skp2, a subunit of the SCFSkp2 ubiquitin ligase that targets p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 for proteasomal destruction. The statin-induced degradation of Skp2 is cell cycle phase independent and does not require its well characterised degradation pathway mediated by APC/CCdh1- or Skp2 autoubiquitination. An N-terminal domain preceding the F-box of Skp2 is both necessary and sufficient for its statin mediated degradation. The degradation of Skp2 results from statin induced depletion of geranylgeranyl isoprenoid intermediates of cholesterol biosynthesis. Inhibition of geranylgeranyl-transferase-I also promotes APC/CCdh1- independent degradation of Skp2, indicating that de-modification of a geranylgeranylated protein triggers this novel pathway of Skp2 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Vosper
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alessia Masuccio
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Kullmann
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Ploner
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter/Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Geley
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludger Hengst
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Grausenburger R, Bastelberger S, Eckert C, Kauer M, Stanulla M, Frech C, Bauer E, Stoiber D, von Stackelberg A, Attarbaschi A, Haas OA, Panzer-Grümayer R. Genetic alterations in glucocorticoid signaling pathway components are associated with adverse prognosis in children with relapsed ETV6/RUNX1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:1163-73. [PMID: 26327566 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1088650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ETV6/RUNX1 gene fusion defines the largest genetic subgroup of childhood ALL with overall rapid treatment response. However, up to 15% of cases relapse. Because an impaired glucocorticoid pathway is implicated in disease recurrence we studied the impact of genetic alterations by SNP array analysis in 31 relapsed cases. In 58% of samples, we found deletions in various glucocorticoid signaling pathway-associated genes, but only NR3C1 and ETV6 deletions prevailed in minimal residual disease poor responding and subsequently relapsing cases (p<0.05). To prove the necessity of a functional glucocorticoid receptor, we reconstituted wild-type NR3C1 expression in mutant, glucocorticoid-resistant REH cells and studied the glucocorticoid response in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. While these results prove that glucocorticoid receptor defects are crucial for glucocorticoid resistance in an experimental setting, they do not address the essential clinical situation where glucocorticoid resistance at relapse is rather part of a global drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Grausenburger
- a Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung , Vienna , Austria
| | - Stephan Bastelberger
- a Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung , Vienna , Austria
| | - Cornelia Eckert
- b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology , Charité, Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany
| | - Maximilian Kauer
- a Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung , Vienna , Austria
| | - Martin Stanulla
- c Department of Pediatrics , University Hospital Hannover , Hannover , Germany
| | - Christian Frech
- a Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung , Vienna , Austria
| | - Eva Bauer
- d Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research , Vienna , Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- d Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research , Vienna , Austria .,e Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria , and
| | - Arend von Stackelberg
- b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology , Charité, Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Oskar A Haas
- a Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung , Vienna , Austria .,f St. Anna Kinderspital, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Renate Panzer-Grümayer
- a Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung , Vienna , Austria
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19
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Sambugaro S, Di Ruvo M, Ambrosio MR, Pellegata NS, Bellio M, Guerra A, Buratto M, Foschini MP, Tagliati F, degli Uberti E, Zatelli MC. Early onset acromegaly associated with a novel deletion in CDKN1B 5'UTR region. Endocrine 2015; 49:58-64. [PMID: 25645465 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations frequently are involved in the development of a pituitary adenoma in young age. We here characterize the functional role of a deletion in CDKN1B 5'-UTR region (c.-29_-26delAGAG) identified in an acromegalic patient that developed a growth hormone in pituitary adenoma during childhood. Our results show that the identified novel heterozygous deletion in the CDKN1B 5'-UTR region associates with a reduction in CDKN1B mRNA levels, a predicted altered secondary mRNA structure, and a reduced CDKN1B 5'-UTR transcriptional activity in vitro. The patient displayed loss of heterozygosity in the same CDKN1B 5'-UTR region at tissue level and the 5'UTR region containing the deleted sequence encompasses a GRE. These findings indicate that the identification of functional alterations of newly discovered genetic derangements need to be fully characterized and always correlated with the clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sambugaro
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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20
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Mu Y, Liu Y, Li L, Tian C, Zhou H, Zhang Q, Yan B. The novel tubulin polymerization inhibitor MHPT exhibits selective anti-tumor activity against rhabdomyosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121806. [PMID: 25811876 PMCID: PMC4374867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The dose-limiting toxicity caused by standard chemotherapy has become a major roadblock to successful rhabdomyosarcoma chemotherapy. By screening a thiazolidinone library including 372 compounds, a novel synthetic compound, 2-((4-hydroxyphenyl)imino)-5-(3-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidin-4-one (MHPT), was identified as a potent and selective anti-rhabdomyosarcoma agent. MHPT inhibited 50% of the growth of the rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines RD and SJ-RH30 at 0.44 μM and 1.35 μM, respectively, while displaying no obvious toxicity against normal human fibroblast cells at 100 μM. Further investigation revealed that MHPT suppressed the polymerization of tubulin, leading to rhabdomyosarcoma cell growth arrest at the G2/M phase followed by apoptosis. In vivo, MHPT inhibited tumor growth by 48.6% relative to the vehicle control after 5 intraperitoneal injections of 40 mg/kg without appreciable toxicity to normal tissues and systems in an RD xenograft mouse model, while vincristine caused lethal toxicity when similar growth inhibition was achieved. As a moderate tubulin polymerization inhibitor compared with vincristine, MHPT requires a more dynamic tubulin to exert its cytotoxicity, which is a situation that only exists in cancer cells. This attribute may account for the low toxicity of MHPT in normal cells. Our data suggest that MHPT has the potential to be further developed into a selective anti-rhabdomyosarcoma drug with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Cong Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (QZ); (BY)
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (QZ); (BY)
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21
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Drug resistance-related microRNAs in hematological malignancies: Translating basic evidence into therapeutic strategies. Blood Rev 2015; 29:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Palagani A, Op de Beeck K, Naulaerts S, Diddens J, Sekhar Chirumamilla C, Van Camp G, Laukens K, Heyninck K, Gerlo S, Mestdagh P, Vandesompele J, Berghe WV. Ectopic microRNA-150-5p transcription sensitizes glucocorticoid therapy response in MM1S multiple myeloma cells but fails to overcome hormone therapy resistance in MM1R cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113842. [PMID: 25474406 PMCID: PMC4256227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) selectively trigger cell death in the multiple myeloma cell line MM1S which express NR3C1/Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) protein, but fail to kill MM1R cells which lack GR protein. Given recent demonstrations of altered microRNA profiles in a diverse range of haematological malignancies and drug resistance, we characterized GC inducible mRNA and microRNA transcription profiles in GC sensitive MM1S as compared to GC resistant MM1R cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that GCs regulate expression of multiple genes involved in cell cycle control, cell organization, cell death and immunological disease in MM1S cells, which remain unaffected in MM1R cells. With respect to microRNAs, mir-150-5p was identified as the most time persistent GC regulated microRNA, out of 5 QPCR validated microRNAs (mir-26b, mir-125a-5p, mir-146-5p, mir-150-5p, and mir-184), which are GC inducible in MM1S but not in MM1R cells. Functional studies further revealed that ectopic transfection of a synthetic mir-150-5p mimics GR dependent gene expression changes involved in cell death and cell proliferation pathways. Remarkably, despite the gene expression changes observed, overexpression of mir-150-5p in absence of GCs did not trigger significant cytotoxicity in MM1S or MM1R cells. This suggests the requirement of additional steps in GC induced cell death, which can not be mimicked by mir-150-5p overexpression alone. Interestingly, a combination of mir-150-5p transfection with low doses GC in MM1S cells was found to sensitize therapy response, whereas opposite effects could be observed with a mir-150-5p specific antagomir. Although mir-150-5p overexpression did not substantially change GR expression levels, it was found that mir-150-5p evokes GR specific effects through indirect mRNA regulation of GR interacting transcription factors and hormone receptors, GR chaperones, as well as various effectors of unfolded protein stress and chemokine signalling. Altogether GC-inducible mir-150-5p adds another level of regulation to GC specific therapeutic responses in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Palagani
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Department of Physiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Biomedical Informatics Research Center Antwerp (Biomina), University of Antwerp & University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Advanced Database Research and Modelling (ADReM), Department of Mathematics & Computer sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jolien Diddens
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chandra Sekhar Chirumamilla
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Biomedical Informatics Research Center Antwerp (Biomina), University of Antwerp & University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Advanced Database Research and Modelling (ADReM), Department of Mathematics & Computer sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karen Heyninck
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Department of Physiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- VIB-UGent Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joke Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Department of Physiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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23
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Roth P, Happold C, Weller M. Corticosteroid use in neuro-oncology: an update. Neurooncol Pract 2014; 2:6-12. [PMID: 26034636 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npu029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the lack of curative approaches for most patients with malignant brain tumors, supportive therapy, which aims at maintaining quality of life and functional independence, has a central role in the treatment of many patients. Steroids are particularly important in the setting of supportive therapy. They are commonly used to treat tumor-associated edema, and their administration is typically associated with rapid symptom relief, such as the resolution of headaches. Besides their antiedema activity, corticosteroids are characterized by their potent antilymphoma properties and their effects against acute or delayed emesis caused by systemic chemotherapy in cancer patients. Accordingly, steroids are among the most frequently used drugs in oncology. These desirable properties of steroids are counterbalanced by cardiovascular, muscular, and psychiatric side effects. On the cellular level, corticosteroids exert various effects that translate into the desired clinical activity, but they also evoke significant toxicity that may outweigh the beneficial effects. The mode of action and the limitations of steroid treatment are summarized in this review article. Interactions between steroids and other drugs must be considered. A particular challenge to the ongoing use of glucocorticoids is that newer therapeutic approaches are being introduced in neuro-oncology for which concomitant steroids are likely to be contraindicated. These include the emergence of various immunotherapeutic approaches including vaccination strategies and treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Since the administration of steroids may interfere with the activity of these novel therapies, an even more critical evaluation of their use will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurology and Brain Tumor Center , University Hospital Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Caroline Happold
- Department of Neurology and Brain Tumor Center , University Hospital Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology and Brain Tumor Center , University Hospital Zurich , Switzerland
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24
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Chen H, Mo X, Yu J, Huang S, Huang Z, Gao L. Interference of Skp2 effectively inhibits the development and metastasis of colon carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1129-35. [PMID: 24913024 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common type of malignancy in the digestive system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) in colon carcinoma and to identify whether depletion of Skp2 by Skp2‑RNA interference (RNAi) attenuates the proliferation and migration of colon carcinoma. Three pairs of small interfering (si)RNA were designed based on the Skp2 gene sequence and the most effective one was used to silence the Skp2 gene in SW620 cells. Subsequent to the interference, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used for detecting the expression of Skp-2 mRNA and protein, respectively. The data demonstrated that the Skp2‑siRNA effectively inhibited proliferation (P<0.01), increased the levels of apoptosis and induced G0/G1 phase arrest of the SW620 cells (P<0.01). Transfection of the Skp2 siRNA into SW620 cells effectively reduced Skp2 protein levels, while p27 protein levels increased. In the in vivo experiments, a lentiviral vector of the Skp2-RNAi transfected into SW620 cells markedly inhibited Skp2 expression, as detected by immunohistochemical analysis of nude mice. Additionally, tumorigenicity experiments showed that inhibition of Skp2 significantly increased the survival rate of nude mice. Thus, the in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that interference of Skp2 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of SW620 cells. This suggests that Skp2 protein has an important role in the progression of colon cancer. Therefore, Skp2 may enable the early diagnosis of colon cancer and provide new insights into molecular targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Mo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, PLA No. 101 Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Shuxin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Zonghai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Liping Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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25
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Huson HJ, Kim ES, Godfrey RW, Olson TA, McClure MC, Chase CC, Rizzi R, O'Brien AMP, Van Tassell CP, Garcia JF, Sonstegard TS. Genome-wide association study and ancestral origins of the slick-hair coat in tropically adapted cattle. Front Genet 2014; 5:101. [PMID: 24808908 PMCID: PMC4010767 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The slick hair coat (SLICK) is a dominantly inherited trait typically associated with tropically adapted cattle that are from Criollo descent through Spanish colonization of cattle into the New World. The trait is of interest relative to climate change, due to its association with improved thermo-tolerance and subsequent increased productivity. Previous studies localized the SLICK locus to a 4 cM region on chromosome (BTA) 20 and identified signatures of selection in this region derived from Senepol cattle. The current study compares three slick-haired Criollo-derived breeds including Senepol, Carora, and Romosinuano and three additional slick-haired cross-bred lineages to non-slick ancestral breeds. Genome-wide association (GWA), haplotype analysis, signatures of selection, runs of homozygosity (ROH), and identity by state (IBS) calculations were used to identify a 0.8 Mb (37.7-38.5 Mb) consensus region for the SLICK locus on BTA20 in which contains SKP2 and SPEF2 as possible candidate genes. Three specific haplotype patterns are identified in slick individuals, all with zero frequency in non-slick individuals. Admixture analysis identified common genetic patterns between the three slick breeds at the SLICK locus. Principal component analysis (PCA) and admixture results show Senepol and Romosinuano sharing a higher degree of genetic similarity to one another with a much lesser degree of similarity to Carora. Variation in GWA, haplotype analysis, and IBS calculations with accompanying population structure information supports potentially two mutations, one common to Senepol and Romosinuano and another in Carora, effecting genes contained within our refined location for the SLICK locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Huson
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA ; Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Eui-Soo Kim
- Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services Beltsville, MD, USA ; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University Ames, IA, USA
| | - Robert W Godfrey
- Agricultural Experiment Station, University of the Virgin Islands St. Croix, Virgin Islands
| | - Timothy A Olson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew C McClure
- Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services Beltsville, MD, USA ; Irish Cattle Breeding Federation Cork, Ireland
| | - Chad C Chase
- Meat Animal Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Rita Rizzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Milan University Milan, Italy
| | - Ana M P O'Brien
- Division of Livestock Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | - Curt P Van Tassell
- Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - José F Garcia
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Araçatuba, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Brazil
| | - Tad S Sonstegard
- Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services Beltsville, MD, USA
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26
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Liao YJ, Bai HY, Li ZH, Zou J, Chen JW, Zheng F, Zhang JX, Mai SJ, Zeng MS, Sun HD, Pu JX, Xie D. Longikaurin A, a natural ent-kaurane, induces G2/M phase arrest via downregulation of Skp2 and apoptosis induction through ROS/JNK/c-Jun pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1137. [PMID: 24651440 PMCID: PMC3973226 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, and is also highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy treatments. In this study, we report that Longikaurin A (LK-A), an ent-kaurane diterpenoid isolated from the plant Isodon ternifolius, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human HCC cell lines. LK-A also suppressed tumor growth in SMMC-7721 xenograft models, without inducing any notable major organ-related toxicity. LK-A treatment led to reduced expression of the proto-oncogene S phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) in SMMC-7721 cells. Lower Skp2 levels correlated with increased expression of p21 and p-cdc2 (Try15), and a corresponding decrease in protein levels of Cyclin B1 and cdc2. Overexpression of Skp2 significantly inhibited LK-A-induced cell cycle arrest in SMMC-7721 cells, suggesting that LK-A may target Skp2 to arrest cells at the G2/M phase. LK-A also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells. LK-A induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase and P38 MAP kinase. Treatment with, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 prevented LK-A-induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells. Moreover, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine prevented phosphorylation of both JNK and c-Jun. Taken together, these data indicate that LK-A induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells by dampening Skp2 expression, and thereby activating the ROS/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathways. LK-A is therefore a potential lead compound for development of antitumor drugs targeting HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Liao
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - H-Y Bai
- 1] Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z-H Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - J-W Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - F Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - J-X Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - S-J Mai
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - M-S Zeng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - H-D Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - J-X Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - D Xie
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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