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Moore LN, Holmes DL, Sharma A, Landazuri Vinueza J, Lagunoff M. Bcl-xL is required to protect endothelial cells latently infected with KSHV from virus induced intrinsic apoptosis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011385. [PMID: 37163552 PMCID: PMC10202281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's Sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), a highly vascularized tumor common in AIDS patients and many countries in Africa. KSHV is predominantly in the latent state in the main KS tumor cell, the spindle cell, a cell expressing endothelial cell markers. To identify host genes important for KSHV latent infection of endothelial cells we previously used a global CRISPR/Cas9 screen to identify genes necessary for the survival or proliferation of latently infected cells. In this study we rescreened top hits and found that the highest scoring gene necessary for infected cell survival is the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bcl-xL. Knockout of Bcl-xL or treatment with a Bcl-xL inhibitor leads to high levels of cell death in latently infected endothelial cells but not their mock counterparts. Cell death occurs through apoptosis as shown by increased PARP cleavage and activation of caspase-3/7. Knockout of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, eliminates the requirement for Bcl-xL. Interestingly, neither Bcl-2 nor Mcl-1, related and often redundant anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 protein family, are necessary for the survival of latently infected endothelial cells, likely due to their lack of expression in all the endothelial cell types we have examined. Bcl-xL is not required for the survival of latently infected primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells or other cell types tested. Expression of the KSHV major latent locus alone in the absence of KSHV infection led to sensitivity to the absence of Bcl-xL, indicating that viral gene expression from the latent locus induces intrinsic apoptosis leading to the requirement for Bcl-xL in endothelial cells. The critical requirement of Bcl-xL during KSHV latency makes it an intriguing therapeutic target for KS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey N. Moore
- University of Washington Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Holmes
- University of Washington Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anjali Sharma
- University of Washington Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Michael Lagunoff
- University of Washington Department of Microbiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Feng T, Duan R, Zheng P, Qiu J, Li Q, Li W. Oxymatrine inhibits TGF‑β1‑mediated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in alveolar epithelial cells via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:198. [PMID: 37090069 PMCID: PMC10119625 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pulmonary fibrosis (PF) causes respiratory failure and death, effective therapies for PF have not been developed. Oxymatrine (OMT), an active ingredient in the Chinese herb Sophora flavescens, exerts antifibrotic effects; however, its effect on PF remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether OMT decreases transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced PF in human lung cancer A549 cells by inhibiting apoptosis and targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. To construct a PF cell model, A549 cells were stimulated with TGF-β1. The experimental groups were as follows: control (untreated cells grown in complete medium), TGF-β1 (cells treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1), OMT (cells treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 and 0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 mg/ml OMT), and OMT + LY294002 (cells treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1, 1.0 mg/ml OMT. and 25 µmol/l LY294002). The effects of OMT on cell morphology (via electron microscopy), apoptosis (via Annexin V-PI staining), mitochondrial apoptosis signaling [using JC-1 method to analyze mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)], and Bcl-2, as well as Bax expression (via western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction), were analyzed. OMT significantly protected cells against TGF-β1-induced PF by inhibiting apoptosis. The specific manifestations were cell injury, as evidenced by morphological changes and decreased MMP. Following OMT treatment, the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax increased, whereas that of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased. The PI3K/AKT-specific inhibitor LY294002 significantly inhibited the ameliorative effects of OMT on TGF-β1-induced apoptosis. Collectively, OMT attenuated TGF-β1-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, OMT may be a promising drug for PF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Respiratory Disease Education Department of Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Ran Duan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Respiratory Disease Education Department of Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Wancheng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Respiratory Disease Education Department of Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Wancheng Li, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 278 Baoguang Avenue, Xindu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610599, P.R. China
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3
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Pejovic T, Abate PV, Ma H, Thiessen J, Corless CL, Peterson A, Allard-Chamard H, Labrie M. Single-Cell Proteomics Analysis of Recurrent Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma and Associated Brain Metastases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:903806. [PMID: 35692807 PMCID: PMC9174542 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.903806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Between 2% and 6% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients develop brain metastases (brain mets), which are incurable and invariably result in death. This poor outcome is associated with a lack of established guidelines for the detection and treatment of brain mets in EOC patients. In this study, we characterize an unusual case of low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) that metastasized to the brain. Using a spatially oriented single-cell proteomics platform, we compared sequential biopsies of a primary tumor with a peritoneal recurrence and brain mets. We identified several targetable oncogenic pathways and immunosuppressive mechanisms that are amplified in the brain mets and could be involved in the progression of LGSOC to the brain. Furthermore, we were able to identify cell populations that are shared between the primary tumor and the brain mets, suggesting that cells that have a propensity for metastasis to the brain could be identified early during the course of disease. Taken together, our findings further a path for personalized therapeutic decisions in LGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Pejovic
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Pierre-Valérien Abate
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hongli Ma
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jaclyn Thiessen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Christopher L Corless
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Abigail Peterson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Service of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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4
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Li L, Xu B, Li CR, Zhang MM, Wu SJ, Dang WJ, Liu JC, Sun SG, Zhao W. Anti-proliferation and apoptosis-inducing effects of sodium aescinate on retinoblastoma Y79 cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1546-1553. [PMID: 33078103 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.10.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the anti-proliferation and apoptosis-inducing effects of sodium aescinate (SA) on retinoblastoma Y79 cells and its mechanism. METHODS Y79 cells were cultured at different drug concentrations for different periods of time (24, 48, and 72h). The inhibitory effect of SA on proliferation of Y79 cells was detected by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and the morphology of Y79 cells in each group was observed under an inverted microscope. An IC50 of 48h was selected for subsequent experiments. After pretreatment with SA for 24 and 48h, cellular DNA distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Real-time qunatitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to assess changes in related genes (CDK1, CyclinB1, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3). RESULTS SA inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of Y79 cells in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Following its intervention in the cell cycle pathway, SA can inhibit the expression of CDK1 and CyclinB1 at the mRNA and protein levels, and block cells in the G2/M phase. In caspase-related apoptotic pathways, up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 caused caspase-9 to self-cleave and further activate caspase-3. What's more, the caspase-8-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathway was activated, and the activated caspase-8 was released into the cytoplasm to activate caspase-3, which as a member of the downstream apoptotic effect group, initiates a caspase-cascade reaction that induces cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION SA inhibits the proliferation of Y79 cells by arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis via the caspase-related apoptosis pathway, indicating that SA may have promising potential as a chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bing Xu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City, Fuling 408000, Chongqing Province, China
| | - Cai-Rui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Wu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wen-Jun Dang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jing-Chen Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shu-Guang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China
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5
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A novel 8-nitro quinoline-thiosemicarbazone analogues induces G1/S & G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through ROS mediated mitochondrial pathway. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Targeting cancer's Achilles’ heel: role of BCL-2 inhibitors in cellular senescence and apoptosis. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2287-2312. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins are involved in tumor growth, progression and survival, and are also responsible for chemoresistance to conventional anticancer agents. Early efforts to target these proteins yielded some active compounds; however, newer methodologies involving structure-based drug design, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based screening and fragment-based screening yielded more potent compounds. Discovery of specific as well as nonspecific inhibitors of this class of proteins has resulted in great advances in targeted chemotherapy and decrease in chemoresistance. Here, we review the history and current progress in direct as well as selective targeting of the BCL-2 proteins for anticancer therapy.
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7
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Li W, Gupta SK, Han W, Kundson RA, Nelson S, Knutson D, Greipp PT, Elsawa SF, Sotomayor EM, Gupta M. Targeting MYC activity in double-hit lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements with epigenetic bromodomain inhibitors. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:73. [PMID: 31288832 PMCID: PMC6617630 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Double/triple-hit lymphomas (DHL/THL) account for 5–10% of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with rearrangement of MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 resulting in MYC overexpression. Despite the poor prognosis of DHL, R-CHOP chemotherapy remains the treatment backbone and new targeted therapy is needed. We performed comprehensive cytogenetic studies/fluorescence in situ hybridization on DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma cell lines (n = 11) to identify the DHL/THL DLBCL in vitro model. We identified MYC/IG in Raji and Ramos (single hit); MYC/IG-BCL2 (DHL) in DOHH2, OCI-LY1, SUDHL2, and OCI-LY10; MYC/IG-BCL2/BCL6 (THL) in VAL; and no MYC rearrangement in U2932 and HBL1 (WT-MYC). Targeting MYC in the DHL/THL DLBCLs through bromodomain extra-terminal inhibitors (BETi) (JQ1, I-BET, and OTX015) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced proliferation, similar to WT-MYC cells, accompanied by decreased MYC but not BCL2 protein. Moreover, BETi suppressed MYC transcription and decreased BRD4 binding to MYC promoter in DHL cells. CD47 and PD-L1 are immunoregulatory molecules often expressed on tumors and regulated by MYC. High levels of surface CD47 but not surface PD-L1 was observed in DHL/THL, which was reduced by JQ1 treatment. BETi in combination with Pan-HDAC inhibitor had a limited effect on survival of DHL/THL, while combination of BETi and BCL2 inhibitor (ABT-199) had a significant (p < 0.005) inhibitory effect on survival followed by BCL-XL inhibition. Overall, the data suggests that MYC-expressing DLBCLs are probably addicted to the MYC-oncogenic effect regardless of MYC rearrangements. In summary, we identified an in vitro model for DHL/THL DLBCLs and provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of BET inhibitor alone or in combination with BCL2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Li
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shiv K Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Weiguo Han
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Ryan A Kundson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sara Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Darlene Knutson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia T Greipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sherine F Elsawa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Eduardo M Sotomayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, GW Cancer Center, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Mamta Gupta
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, GW Cancer Center, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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8
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BCL-2 family isoforms in apoptosis and cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 30792387 PMCID: PMC6384907 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The BCl-2 family has long been identified for its role in apoptosis. Following the initial discovery of BCL-2 in the context of B-cell lymphoma in the 1980s, a number of homologous proteins have since been identified. The members of the Bcl-2 family are designated as such due to their BCL-2 homology (BH) domains and involvement in apoptosis regulation. The BH domains facilitate the family members’ interactions with each other and can indicate pro- or anti-apoptotic function. Traditionally, these proteins are categorised into one of the three subfamilies; anti-apoptotic, BH3-only (pro-apoptotic), and pore-forming or ‘executioner’ (pro-apoptotic) proteins. Each of the BH3-only or anti-apoptotic proteins has a distinct pattern of activation, localisation and response to cell death or survival stimuli. All of these can vary across cell or stress types, or developmental stage, and this can cause the delineation of the roles of BCL-2 family members. Added to this complexity is the presence of relatively uncharacterised isoforms of many of the BCL-2 family members. There is a gap in our knowledge regarding the function of BCL-2 family isoforms. BH domain status is not always predictive or indicative of protein function, and several other important sequences, which can contribute to apoptotic activity have been identified. While therapeutic strategies targeting the BCL-2 family are constantly under development, it is imperative that we understand the molecules, which we are attempting to target. This review, discusses our current knowledge of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family isoforms. With significant improvements in the potential for splicing therapies, it is important that we begin to understand the distinctions of the BCL-2 family, not limited to just the mechanisms of apoptosis control, but in their roles outside of apoptosis.
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Qin H, Zhou J, Xu J, Cheng L, Tang Z, Ma H, Guo F. The nuclear transcription factor RelB functions as an oncogene in human lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A1 cells. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:88. [PMID: 29983639 PMCID: PMC6020198 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a leading public health issue worldwide. Although therapeutic approaches have improved drastically in the last decades, the prognosis of lung cancer patients remains suboptimal. The canonical nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway is critical in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer. The non-canonical NF-κB signalling pathway (represented by RelB) has attracted increasing attention in the pathogenesis of haematological and epithelial malignancies. However, the function of RelB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. Recently, high expression of RelB has been detected in NSCLC tissues. We have also demonstrated that RelB expression is an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC patients. Methods The mRNA and protein expression of RelB in NSCLC tissues were detected by qRT-PCR and IHC assay. The cell growth of SPC-A1 cells was detected in real-time using the x-Celligence system and xenograft tumour assays. The proliferation capability of cells was detected using a CFSE assay. Cell apoptosis was measured using Annexin V/PI staining, cell cycle was analyzed by the cytometry. Cell migration abilities were detected using the x-Celligence system and wound healing assays. The relative amounts of the active and inactive gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 were examined using gelatin zymography experiments. Apoptosis of RelB depletion SPC-A1 cells after ionizing radiation at 8 Gy. The expression of cellular proliferation signal pathway related-proteins were examined by Western blot analysis. Results The expression of RelB increases in NSCLC tissues. High RelB expression was significantly correlated with advanced-metastatic stage in patients with NSCLC. RelB-silencing inhibits cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We found that RelB affected cell proliferation by regulating AKT phosphorylation. RelB silencing attenuates the migration and invasion abilities of SPC-A1 cells and is likely related to the down regulation of MMP-9 activity and Integrin β-1 expression. In addition, RelB modulated radiation-induced survival of NSCLC cells predominantly by regulating Bcl-xL expression. Conclusions Given the involvement of RelB in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and radio-resistance, RelB functions as an oncogene in NSCLC cells. Our data here shed light on unexplored aspects of RelB in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Qin
- 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- 2Center for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- 2Center for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Cheng
- 2Center for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zaixiang Tang
- 3Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Guo
- 4Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, 215001 China
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Rossini M, Rizzo P, Bononi I, Clementz A, Ferrari R, Martini F, Tognon MG. New Perspectives on Diagnosis and Therapy of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:91. [PMID: 29666782 PMCID: PMC5891579 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, but severe form of cancer, with an incidence that varies significantly within and among different countries around the world. It develops in about one to two persons per million of the general population, leading to thousands of deaths every year worldwide. To date, the MPM is mostly associated with occupational asbestos exposure. Asbestos represents the predominant etiological factor, with approximately 70% of cases of MPM with well-documented occupational exposure to asbestos, with the exposure time, on average greater than 40 years. Environmental exposure to asbestos is increasingly becoming recognized as a cause of mesothelioma, together with gene mutations. The possible roles of other cofactors, such as viral infection and radiation exposure, are still debated. MPM is a fatal tumor. This cancer arises during its early phase without clinical signs. Consequently, its diagnosis occurs at advanced stages. Standard clinical therapeutic approaches include surgery, chemo- and radiotherapies. Preclinical and clinical researches are making great strides in the field of this deadly disease, identifying new biomarkers and innovative therapeutic approaches. Among the newly identified markers and potential therapeutic targets, circulating microRNAs and the Notch pathway represent promising avenues that could result in the early detection of the tumor and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Rossini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anthony Clementz
- Department of Natural Sciences and Geography, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, IL, United States
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine and Cardiorespiratory, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,E.S. Health Science Foundation, GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro G Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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BCL-X L directly modulates RAS signalling to favour cancer cell stemness. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1123. [PMID: 29066722 PMCID: PMC5654832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In tumours, accumulation of chemoresistant cells that express high levels of anti-apoptotic proteins such as BCL-XL is thought to result from the counter selection of sensitive, low expresser clones during progression and/or initial treatment. We herein show that BCL-XL expression is selectively advantageous to cancer cell populations even in the absence of pro-apoptotic pressure. In transformed human mammary epithelial cells BCL-XL favours full activation of signalling downstream of constitutively active RAS with which it interacts in a BH4-dependent manner. Comparative proteomic analysis and functional assays indicate that this is critical for RAS-induced expression of stemness regulators and maintenance of a cancer initiating cell (CIC) phenotype. Resistant cancer cells thus arise from a positive selection driven by BCL-XL modulation of RAS-induced self-renewal, and during which apoptotic resistance is not necessarily the directly selected trait. BCL-XL provides a survival advantage to cancer cells even in the absence of apoptotic pressures. In this study, the authors show that BCL-XL interacts with RAS in a BH4-dependent manner and regulates RAS-mediated activation of pathways involved in the stemness feature of breast cancer cells.
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12
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Deeter A, Dalman M, Haddad J, Duan ZH. Inferring gene and protein interactions using PubMed citations and consensus Bayesian networks. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186004. [PMID: 29049295 PMCID: PMC5648141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The PubMed database offers an extensive set of publication data that can be useful, yet inherently complex to use without automated computational techniques. Data repositories such as the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) offer experimental data storage and retrieval as well as curated gene expression profiles. Genetic interaction databases, including Reactome and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, offer pathway and experiment data analysis using data curated from these publications and data repositories. We have created a method to generate and analyze consensus networks, inferring potential gene interactions, using large numbers of Bayesian networks generated by data mining publications in the PubMed database. Through the concept of network resolution, these consensus networks can be tailored to represent possible genetic interactions. We designed a set of experiments to confirm that our method is stable across variation in both sample and topological input sizes. Using gene product interactions from the KEGG pathway database and data mining PubMed publication abstracts, we verify that regardless of the network resolution or the inferred consensus network, our method is capable of inferring meaningful gene interactions through consensus Bayesian network generation with multiple, randomized topological orderings. Our method can not only confirm the existence of currently accepted interactions, but has the potential to hypothesize new ones as well. We show our method confirms the existence of known gene interactions such as JAK-STAT-PI3K-AKT-mTOR, infers novel gene interactions such as RAS- Bcl-2 and RAS-AKT, and found significant pathway-pathway interactions between the JAK-STAT signaling and Cardiac Muscle Contraction KEGG pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Deeter
- Integrated Bioscience, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark Dalman
- College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- College of Podiatric Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joseph Haddad
- Department of Computer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Hui Duan
- Integrated Bioscience, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
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Vogler M, Walter HS, Dyer MJS. Targeting anti-apoptotic BCL2 family proteins in haematological malignancies - from pathogenesis to treatment. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:364-379. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Vogler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Harriet S. Walter
- Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - Martin J. S. Dyer
- Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
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miR-28 regulates the germinal center reaction and blocks tumor growth in preclinical models of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2017; 129:2408-2419. [PMID: 28188132 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-731166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma comprises a variety of neoplasms, many of which arise from germinal center (GC)-experienced B cells. microRNA-28 (miR-28) is a GC-specific miRNA whose expression is lost in numerous mature B-cell neoplasms. Here we show that miR-28 regulates the GC reaction in primary B cells by impairing class switch recombination and memory B and plasma cell differentiation. Deep quantitative proteomics combined with transcriptome analysis identified miR-28 targets involved in cell-cycle and B-cell receptor signaling. Accordingly, we found that miR-28 expression diminished proliferation in primary and lymphoma cells in vitro. Importantly, miR-28 reexpression in human Burkitt (BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) xenografts blocked tumor growth, both when delivered in viral vectors or as synthetic, clinically amenable, molecules. Further, the antitumoral effect of miR-28 is conserved in a primary murine in vivo model of BL. Thus, miR-28 replacement is uncovered as a novel therapeutic strategy for DLBCL and BL treatment.
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The endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrial calcium cross talk is downregulated in malignant pleural mesothelioma cells and plays a critical role in apoptosis inhibition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23427-44. [PMID: 26156019 PMCID: PMC4695128 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of apoptosis may contribute to the formation of cancer and to its resistance to therapy. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor that responds poorly to standard chemo- and radio-therapies. Several studies have demonstrated that a plethora of oncogenes and tumor suppressors contribute to MPM onset/progression. Importantly, most of these genes are involved in the regulation of calcium (Ca2+)-handling. Cellular Ca2+ signaling is an important regulator of many physiological processes, and it has been widely reported to participate in the regulation of apoptotic cell death in cancer cells and tissues. However, in MPM the role of cellular Ca2+ has been poorly investigated. Therefore, we examined whether Ca2+ is involved in MPM. We found that mesothelioma cell lines and short-term cultures obtained from MPM-affected patients exhibited a critical dysregulation in Ca2+ signaling. We determined that this characteristic was associated with resistance to apoptotic stimuli and that correction of intracellular Ca2+ signaling resulted in the rescue of efficient apoptotic responses. In addition, we discovered that mitochondrial Ca2+-uptake plays a pivotal role as an inducer of apoptosis in MPM. Altogether, these findings suggest the identification of new MPM markers, which in turn could be potential targets for new therapeutic approaches.
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16
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Yee YH, Chong SJF, Pervaiz S. The anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant dichotomy of Bcl-2. Biol Chem 2016; 397:585-93. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Across a wide spectrum of cellular redox status, there emerges a dichotomy of responses in terms of cell survival/proliferation and cell death. Of note, there is emerging evidence that the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, in addition to its conventional activity of titrating the pro-apoptotic effects of proteins such as Bax and Bak at the mitochondria, also impacts cell fate decisions via modulating cellular redox metabolism. In this regard, both pro- and anti-oxidant effects of Bcl-2 overexpression have been described under different conditions and cellular contexts. In this short review, we attempt to analyze existing observations and present a probable explanation for the seemingly conflicting redox regulating activity of Bcl-2 from the standpoint of its pro-survival function. The consequential effect(s) of the dual redox functions of Bcl-2 are also discussed, particularly from the viewpoint of developing novel therapeutic strategies against cancers rendered refractory due to the aberrant expression of Bcl-2.
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17
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Affinity purification-mass spectrometry analysis of bcl-2 interactome identified SLIRP as a novel interacting protein. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2090. [PMID: 26866271 PMCID: PMC4849145 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Members of the bcl-2 protein family share regions of sequence similarity, the bcl-2 homology (BH) domains. Bcl-2, the most studied member of this family, has four BH domains, BH1–4, and has a critical role in resistance to antineoplastic drugs by regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Moreover, it is also involved in other relevant cellular processes such as tumor progression, angiogenesis and autophagy. Deciphering the network of bcl-2-interacting factors should provide a critical advance in understanding the different functions of bcl-2. Here, we characterized bcl-2 interactome by mass spectrometry in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. In silico functional analysis associated most part of the identified proteins to mitochondrial functions. Among them we identified SRA stem–loop interacting RNA-binding protein, SLIRP, a mitochondrial protein with a relevant role in regulating mitochondrial messenger RNA (mRNA) homeostasis. We validated bcl-2/SLIRP interaction by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments in cancer cell lines from different histotypes. We showed that, although SLIRP is not involved in mediating bcl-2 ability to protect from apoptosis and oxidative damage, bcl-2 binds and stabilizes SLIRP protein and regulates mitochondrial mRNA levels. Moreover, we demonstrated that the BH4 domain of bcl-2 has a role in maintaining this binding.
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18
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Zynda ER, Matveev V, Makhanov M, Chenchik A, Kandel ES. Protein kinase A type II-α regulatory subunit regulates the response of prostate cancer cells to taxane treatment. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3292-301. [PMID: 25485509 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.949501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade taxane-based therapy has emerged as a standard of care for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Nevertheless, a significant fraction of tumors show no appreciable response to the treatment, while the others develop resistance and recur. Despite years of intense research, the mechanisms of taxane resistance in prostate cancer and other malignancies are poorly understood and remain a topic of intense investigation. We have used improved mutagenesis via random insertion of a strong promoter to search for events, which enable survival of prostate cancer cells after Taxol exposure. High-throughput mapping of the integration sites pointed to the PRKAR2A gene, which codes for a type II-α regulatory subunit of protein kinase A, as a candidate modulator of drug response. Both full-length and N-terminally truncated forms of the PRKAR2A gene product markedly increased survival of prostate cancer cells lines treated with Taxol and Taxotere. Suppression of protein kinase A enzymatic activity is the likely mechanism of action of the overexpressed proteins. Accordingly, protein kinase A inhibitor PKI (6-22) amide reduced toxicity of Taxol to prostate cancer cells. Our findings support the role of protein kinase A and its constituent proteins in cell response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R Zynda
- a Department of Cell Stress Biology ; Roswell Park Cancer Institute ; Buffalo , NY USA
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19
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Rello-Varona S, Herrero-Martín D, Lagares-Tena L, López-Alemany R, Mulet-Margalef N, Huertas-Martínez J, Garcia-Monclús S, García Del Muro X, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Tirado OM. The importance of being dead: cell death mechanisms assessment in anti-sarcoma therapy. Front Oncol 2015; 5:82. [PMID: 25905041 PMCID: PMC4387920 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death can occur through different mechanisms, defined by their nature and physiological implications. Correct assessment of cell death is crucial for cancer therapy success. Sarcomas are a large and diverse group of neoplasias from mesenchymal origin. Among cell death types, apoptosis is by far the most studied in sarcomas. Albeit very promising in other fields, regulated necrosis and other cell death circumstances (as so-called "autophagic cell death" or "mitotic catastrophe") have not been yet properly addressed in sarcomas. Cell death is usually quantified in sarcomas by unspecific assays and in most cases the precise sequence of events remains poorly characterized. In this review, our main objective is to put into context the most recent sarcoma cell death findings in the more general landscape of different cell death modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rello-Varona
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - David Herrero-Martín
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laura Lagares-Tena
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Roser López-Alemany
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Núria Mulet-Margalef
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Juan Huertas-Martínez
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Silvia Garcia-Monclús
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Xavier García Del Muro
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Oscar Martínez Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
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Rello-Varona S, Herrero-Martín D, López-Alemany R, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Tirado OM. “(Not) All (Dead) Things Share the Same Breath”: Identification of Cell Death Mechanisms in Anticancer Therapy. Cancer Res 2015; 75:913-7. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang M, Bian ZG, Zhang Y, Wang JH, Kan L, Wang X, Niu HY, He P. Cucurbitacin B inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis via STAT3 pathway inhibition in A549 lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2905-11. [PMID: 25242136 PMCID: PMC4227420 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a great source of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. The present study was conducted to investigate whether cucurbitacin B (CuB), one of the most potent and widely used cucurbitacins, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in the A549 lung cancer cell line. Furthermore, CuB induced apoptosis of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. The present study also demonstrated that CuB dose-dependently inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation, with cell cycle inhibition and cyclin B1 downregulation. Apoptosis induced by CuB was shown to be associated with cytochrome c release, B-cell lymphoma 2 downregulation and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway inhibition. CuB may prove to be a useful approach for the chemotherapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Bian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jia-He Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Liang Kan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yan Niu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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