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Chang H, Wang Q, Meng X, Chen X, Deng Y, Li L, Yang Y, Song G, Jia H. Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Mammalian Cell Cycle In Vitro: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1435-1456. [PMID: 35998370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although most studies that explore the cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) have focused on cell viability and oxidative stress, the cell cycle, a basic process of cell life, can also be affected. However, the results on the effects of nano-TiO2 on mammalian cell cycle are still inconsistent. A systematic review and meta-analysis were therefore performed in this research based on the effects of nano-TiO2 on the mammalian cell cycle in vitro to explore whether nano-TiO2 can induce cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, the impact of physicochemical properties of nano-TiO2 on the cell cycle in vitro was investigated, and the response of normal cells and cancer cells was compared. A total of 33 articles met the eligibility criteria after screening. We used Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 15.1 for analysis. The results showed an increased percentage of cells in the sub-G1 phase and an upregulation of the p53 gene after being exposed to nano-TiO2. Nevertheless, nano-TiO2 had no effect on cell percentage in other phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that the cell percentage in both the sub-G1 phase of normal cells and S phase of cancer cells were significantly increased under anatase-form nano-TiO2 treatment. Moreover, nano-TiO2 with a particle size <25 nm or exposure duration of nano-TiO2 more than 24 h induced an increased percentage of normal cells in the sub-G1 phase. In addition, the cell cycle of cancer cells was arrested in the S phase no matter if the exposure duration of nano-TiO2 was more than 24 h or the exposure concentration was over 50 μg/mL. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that nano-TiO2 disrupted the cell cycle in vitro. The cell cycle arrest induced by nano-TiO2 varies with cell status and physicochemical properties of nano-TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojia Meng
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 210019 Nanjing, China
| | - Yaxin Deng
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yaqian Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guanling Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huaimiao Jia
- Department of Endemic Disease, Shihezi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
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2
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Ren J, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Hao S, Lin L, Zhang S, Xu X, Wang H. CtIP suppresses primary microRNA maturation and promotes metastasis of colon cancer cells in a xenograft mouse model. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100707. [PMID: 33901493 PMCID: PMC8164041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are important regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. The post-transcriptional maturation of miRNAs is controlled by the Drosha-DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (DGCR8) microprocessor. Dysregulation of miRNA biogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including cancers. C-terminal-binding protein-interacting protein (CtIP) is a well-known DNA repair factor that promotes the processing of DNA double-strand break (DSB) to initiate homologous recombination-mediated DSB repair. However, it was unclear whether CtIP has other unknown cellular functions. Here, we aimed to uncover the roles of CtIP in miRNA maturation and cancer cell metastasis. We found that CtIP is a potential regulatory factor that suppresses the processing of miRNA primary transcripts (pri-miRNA). CtIP directly bound to both DGCR8 and pri-miRNAs through a conserved Sae2-like domain, reduced the binding of Drosha to DGCR8 and pri-miRNA substrate, and inhibited processing activity of Drosha complex. CtIP depletion significantly increased the expression levels of a subset of mature miRNAs, including miR-302 family members that are associated with tumor progression and metastasis in several cancer types. We also found that CtIP-inhibited miRNAs, such as miR-302 family members, are not crucial for DSB repair. However, increase of miR-302b levels or loss of CtIP function severely suppressed human colon cancer cell line tumor cell metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of CtIP in miRNA processing and tumor metastasis that represents a new function of CtIP in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Youhang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuailin Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiu Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention and Carson International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, China Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Li H, Wang J, Huang K, Zhang T, Gao L, Yang S, Yi W, Niu Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang G, Tao K, Wang L, Cai K. Nkx2.5 Functions as a Conditional Tumor Suppressor Gene in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Acting as a Transcriptional Coactivator in p53-Mediated p21 Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648045. [PMID: 33869046 PMCID: PMC8047315 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NK2 homeobox 5 (Nkx2.5), a homeobox-containing transcription factor, is associated with a spectrum of congenital heart diseases. Recently, Nkx2.5 was also found to be differentially expressed in several kinds of tumors. In colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and cells, hypermethylation of Nkx2.5 was observed. However, the roles of Nkx2.5 in CRC cells have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we assessed the relationship between Nkx2.5 and CRC by analyzing the expression pattern of Nkx2.5 in CRC samples and the adjacent normal colonic mucosa (NCM) samples, as well as in CRC cell lines. We found higher expression of Nkx2.5 in CRC compared with NCM samples. CRC cell lines with poorer differentiation also had higher expression of Nkx2.5. Although this expression pattern makes Nkx2.5 seem like an oncogene, in vitro and in vivo tumor suppressive effects of Nkx2.5 were detected in HCT116 cells by establishing Nkx2.5-overexpressed CRC cells. However, Nkx2.5 overexpression was incapacitated in SW480 cells. To further assess the mechanism, different expression levels and mutational status of p53 were observed in HCT116 and SW480 cells. The expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, a downstream antitumor effector of p53, in CRC cells depends on both expression level and mutational status of p53. Overexpressed Nkx2.5 could elevate the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 only in CRC cells with wild-type p53 (HCT116), rather than in CRC cells with mutated p53 (SW480). Mechanistically, Nkx2.5 could interact with p53 and increase the transcription of p21WAF1/CIP1 without affecting the expression of p53. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that Nkx2.5 could act as a conditional tumor suppressor gene in CRC cells with respect to the mutational status of p53. The tumor suppressive effect of Nkx2.5 could be mediated by its role as a transcriptional coactivator in wild-type p53-mediated p21WAF1/CIP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Institution of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sai Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wangyang Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, China
| | - Yanfeng Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Prados-Carvajal R, Rodriguez-Real G, Gutierrez-Pozo G, Huertas P. CtIP -mediated alternative mRNA splicing finetunes the DNA damage response. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 27:rna.078519.120. [PMID: 33298529 PMCID: PMC7901839 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078519.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to survive to the exposure of DNA damaging agents, cells activate a complex response that coordinates the cellular metabolism, cell cycle progression and DNA repair. Among many other events, recent evidence has described global changes in mRNA splicing in cells treated with genotoxic agents. Here, we explore further this DNA damage-dependent alternative splicing. Indeed, we show that both the splicing factor SF3B2 and the repair protein CtIP contribute to the global pattern of splicing both in cells treated or not to DNA damaging agents. Additionally, we focus on a specific DNA damage- and CtIP-dependent alternative splicing event of the helicase PIF1 and explore its relevance for the survival of cells upon exposure to ionizing radiation. Indeed, we described how the nuclear, active form of PIF1 is substituted by a splicing variant, named vPIF1, in a fashion that requires both the presence of DNA damage and CtIP. Interestingly, timely expression of vPIF1 is required for optimal survival to exposure to DNA damaging agents, but early expression of this isoform delays early events of the DNA damage response. On the contrary, expression of the full length PIF1 facilitates those early events, but increases the sensitivity to DNA damaging agents if the expression is maintained long-term.
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5
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Mozaffari NL, Pagliarulo F, Sartori AA. Human CtIP: A 'double agent' in DNA repair and tumorigenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 113:47-56. [PMID: 32950401 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human CtIP was originally identified as an interactor of the retinoblastoma protein and BRCA1, two bona fide tumour suppressors frequently mutated in cancer. CtIP is renowned for its role in the resection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) during homologous recombination, a largely error-free DNA repair pathway crucial in maintaining genome integrity. However, CtIP-dependent DNA end resection is equally accountable for alternative end-joining, a mutagenic DSB repair mechanism implicated in oncogenic chromosomal translocations. In addition, CtIP contributes to transcriptional regulation of G1/S transition, DNA damage checkpoint signalling, and replication fork protection pathways. In this review, we present a perspective on the current state of knowledge regarding the tumour-suppressive and oncogenic properties of CtIP and provide an overview of their relevance for cancer development, progression, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour L Mozaffari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Pagliarulo
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro A Sartori
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Wang H, Qiu Z, Liu B, Wu Y, Ren J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Hao S, Li Z, Peng B, Xu X. PLK1 targets CtIP to promote microhomology-mediated end joining. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:10724-10739. [PMID: 30202980 PMCID: PMC6237753 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is essential for maintaining genome integrity. Microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) is an error-prone repair mechanism, which introduces mutations at break sites and contributes to chromosomal translocations and telomere fusions, thus driving carcinogenesis. Mitotic kinases PLK1, CDK1 and Aurora A are important for supporting MMEJ and are often overexpressed in various tumors. However, the functional interplay between these kinases and MMEJ has not been explored. Here, we found that MMEJ is preferentially employed to fix DSBs in cells arrested in mitosis following nocodazole treatment. We further showed that the DSB repair factor CtIP is jointly phosphorylated by CDK1/Aurora A and PLK1. CDK1/Aurora A-mediated CtIP phosphorylation at serine 327 triggers CtIP binding to the PLK1 polo-box domain, which in turn facilitates PLK1 to phosphorylate CtIP mainly at serine 723. A PLK1 phosphor-mimic CtIP mutant fails to initiate extended end resection and is thus unable to mediate homologous recombination and the G2/M checkpoint but can mediate MMEJ. These data imply that PLK1 may target CtIP to promote error-prone MMEJ and inactivate the G2/M checkpoint. These findings have helped elucidate the oncogenic roles of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhiyu Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jianping Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuqin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuailin Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
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7
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Abstract
The mammalian CtIP protein and its orthologs in other eukaryotes promote the resection of DNA double-strand breaks and are essential for meiotic recombination. Here we review the current literature supporting the role of CtIP in DNA end processing and the importance of CtIP endonuclease activity in DNA repair. We also examine the regulation of CtIP function by post-translational modifications, and its involvement in transcription- and replication-dependent functions through association with other protein complexes. The tumor suppressor function of CtIP likely is dependent on a combination of these roles in many aspects of DNA metabolism.
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