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Phosphoinositides: multipurpose cellular lipids with emerging roles in cell death. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:781-793. [PMID: 30742090 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol lipids, or phosphoinositides, critically regulate diverse cellular processes, including signalling transduction, cytoskeletal reorganisation, membrane dynamics and cellular trafficking. However, phosphoinositides have been inadequately investigated in the context of cell death, where they are mainly regarded as signalling secondary messengers. However, recent studies have begun to highlight the importance of phosphoinositides in facilitating cell death execution. Here, we cover the latest phosphoinositide research with a particular focus on phosphoinositides in the mechanisms of cell death. This progress article also raises key questions regarding the poorly defined role of phosphoinositides, particularly during membrane-associated events in cell death such as apoptosis and secondary necrosis. The review then further discusses important future directions for the phosphoinositide field, including therapeutically targeting phosphoinositides to modulate cell death.
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Browne CM, Jiang B, Ficarro SB, Doctor ZM, Johnson JL, Card JD, Sivakumaren SC, Alexander WM, Yaron TM, Murphy CJ, Kwiatkowski NP, Zhang T, Cantley LC, Gray NS, Marto JA. A Chemoproteomic Strategy for Direct and Proteome-Wide Covalent Inhibitor Target-Site Identification. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:191-203. [PMID: 30518210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent clinical successes for irreversible drugs, potential toxicities mediated by unpredictable modification of off-target cysteines represents a major hurdle for expansion of covalent drug programs. Understanding the proteome-wide binding profile of covalent inhibitors can significantly accelerate their development; however, current mass spectrometry strategies typically do not provide a direct, amino acid level readout of covalent activity for complex, selective inhibitors. Here we report the development of CITe-Id, a novel chemoproteomic approach that employs covalent pharmacologic inhibitors as enrichment reagents in combination with an optimized proteomic platform to directly quantify dose-dependent binding at cysteine-thiols across the proteome. CITe-Id analysis of our irreversible CDK inhibitor THZ1 identified dose-dependent covalent modification of several unexpected kinases, including a previously unannotated cysteine (C840) on the understudied kinase PKN3. These data streamlined our development of JZ128 as a new selective covalent inhibitor of PKN3. Using JZ128 as a probe compound, we identified novel potential PKN3 substrates, thus offering an initial molecular view of PKN3 cellular activity. CITe-Id provides a powerful complement to current chemoproteomic platforms to characterize the selectivity of covalent inhibitors, identify new, pharmacologically addressable cysteine-thiols, and inform structure-based drug design programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Browne
- Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Baishan Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Scott B Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Blais Proteomics Center , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Zainab M Doctor
- Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Meyer Cancer Center , Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Joseph D Card
- Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Blais Proteomics Center , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Sindhu Carmen Sivakumaren
- Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - William M Alexander
- Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Blais Proteomics Center , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Tomer M Yaron
- Meyer Cancer Center , Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Charles J Murphy
- Meyer Cancer Center , Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Nicholas P Kwiatkowski
- Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center , Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Blais Proteomics Center , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Department of Pathology , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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Mkrtschjan MA, Gaikwad SB, Kappenman KJ, Solís C, Dommaraju S, Le LV, Desai TA, Russell B. Lipid signaling affects primary fibroblast collective migration and anchorage in response to stiffness and microtopography. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3672-3683. [PMID: 29034471 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is regulated by several mechanotransduction pathways, which consist of sensing and converting mechanical microenvironmental cues to internal biochemical cellular signals, such as protein phosphorylation and lipid signaling. While there has been significant progress in understanding protein changes in the context of mechanotransduction, lipid signaling is more difficult to investigate. In this study, physical cues of stiffness (10, 100, 400 kPa, and glass), and microrod or micropost topography were manipulated in order to reprogram primary fibroblasts and assess the effects of lipid signaling on the actin cytoskeleton. In an in vitro wound closure assay, primary cardiac fibroblast migration velocity was significantly higher on soft polymeric substrata. Modulation of PIP2 availability through neomycin treatment nearly doubled migration velocity on 10 kPa substrata, with significant increases on all stiffnesses. The distance between focal adhesions and the lamellar membrane (using wortmannin treatment to increase PIP2 via PI3K inhibition) was significantly shortest compared to untreated fibroblasts grown on the same surface. PIP2 localized to the leading edge of migrating fibroblasts more prominently in neomycin-treated cells. The membrane-bound protein, lamellipodin, did not vary under any condition. Additionally, fifteen micron-high micropost topography, which blocks migration, concentrates PIP2 near to the post. Actin dynamics within stress fibers, measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, was not significantly different with stiffness, microtopography, nor with drug treatment. PIP2-modulating drugs delivered from microrod structures also affected migration velocity. Thus, manipulation of the microenvironment and lipid signaling regulatory drugs might be beneficial in improving therapeutics geared toward wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mkrtschjan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Snehal B Gaikwad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin J Kappenman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher Solís
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sagar Dommaraju
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Long V Le
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brenda Russell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Ma G, Duan Y, Huang X, Qian CX, Chee Y, Mukai S, Cui J, Samad A, Matsubara JA, Kazlauskas A, D'Amore PA, Gu S, Lei H. Prevention of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy by Suppression of Phosphatidylinositol 5-Phosphate 4-Kinases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:3935-43. [PMID: 27472081 PMCID: PMC4974024 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have shown that vitreous stimulates degradation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and that knockdown of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinases (PI5P4Kα and -β) abrogates proliferation of p53-deficient cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vitreous stimulated expression of PI5P4Kα and -β and whether suppression of PI5P4Kα and -β would inhibit vitreous-induced cellular responses and experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Methods PI5P4Kα and -β encoded by PIP4K2A and 2B, respectively, in human ARPE-19 cells were knocked down by stably expressing short hairpin (sh)RNA directed at human PIP4K2A and -2B. In addition, we rescued expression of PI5P4Kα and -β by re-expressing mouse PIP4K2A and -2B in the PI5P4Kα and -β knocked-down ARPE-19 cells. Expression of PI5P4Kα and -β was determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The following cellular responses were monitored: cell proliferation, survival, migration, and contraction. Moreover, the cell potential of inducing PVR was examined in a rabbit model of PVR effected by intravitreal cell injection. Results We found that vitreous enhanced expression of PI5P4Kα and -β in RPE cells and that knocking down PI5P4Kα and -β abrogated vitreous-stimulated cell proliferation, survival, migration, and contraction. Re-expression of mouse PIP4Kα and -β in the human PI5P4Kα and -β knocked-down cells recovered the loss of vitreous-induced cell contraction. Importantly, suppression of PI5P4Kα and -β abrogated the pathogenesis of PVR induced by intravitreal cell injection in rabbits. Moreover, we revealed that expression of PI5P4Kα and -β was abundant in epiretinal membranes from PVR grade C patients. Conclusions The findings from this study indicate that PI5P4Kα and -β could be novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoen Ma
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 2Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 4Aier School of Ophthalmology
| | - Yajian Duan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 2Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Xionggao Huang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Cynthia X Qian
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yewlin Chee
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shizuo Mukai
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jing Cui
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arif Samad
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shuyan Gu
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Changsha Province, China
| | - Hetian Lei
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 3Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Giudici ML, Clarke JH, Irvine RF. Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase γ (PI5P4Kγ), a lipid signalling enigma. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 61:47-50. [PMID: 26710750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinases (PI5P4Ks) are an important family of enzymes, whose physiological roles are being teased out by a variety of means. Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase γ (PI5P4Kγ) is especially intriguing as its in vitro activity is very low. Here we review what is known about this enzyme and discuss some recent advances towards an understanding of its physiology. Additionally, the effects of the ATP-competitive inhibitor I-OMe Tyrphostin AG-538 on all three mammalian PI5P4Ks was explored, including two PI5P4Kγ mutants with altered ATP- or PI5P-binding sites. The results suggest a strategy for targeting non-ATP binding sites on inositol lipid kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan H Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Robin F Irvine
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK.
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Bulley SJ, Clarke JH, Droubi A, Giudici ML, Irvine RF. Exploring phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase function. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 57:193-202. [PMID: 25311266 PMCID: PMC4359101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The family of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinases (PI5P4Ks) is emerging from a comparative backwater in inositide signalling into the mainstream, as is their substrate, phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PI5P). Here we review some of the key questions about the PI5P4Ks, their localisation, interaction, and regulation and also we summarise our current understanding of how PI5P is synthesised and what its cellular functions might be. Finally, some of the evidence for the involvement of PI5P4Ks in pathology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Bulley
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Jonathan H Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Alaa Droubi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | | | - Robin F Irvine
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
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PIKfyve, MTMR3 and their product PtdIns5P regulate cancer cell migration and invasion through activation of Rac1. Biochem J 2014; 461:383-90. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20140132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have found that the activity of Rac1 is regulated by the lipid PtdIns5P produced by PIKfyve and MTMR3 and that the activities of these druggable enzymes are important for cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate regulates invasion through binding and activation of Tiam1. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4080. [PMID: 24905281 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PtdIns5P is a lipid messenger acting as a stress-response mediator in the nucleus, and known to maintain cell activation through traffic alterations upon bacterial infection. Here, we show that PtdIns5P regulates actin dynamics and invasion via recruitment and activation of the exchange factor Tiam1 and Rac1. Restricted Rac1 activation results from the binding of Tiam1 DH-PH domains to PtdIns5P. Using an assay that mimics Rac1 membrane anchoring by using Rac1-His and liposomes containing Ni(2+)-NTA modified lipids, we demonstrate that intrinsic Tiam1 DH-PH activity increases when Rac1 is anchored in a PtdIns5P-enriched environment. This pathway appears to be general since it is valid in different pathophysiological models: receptor tyrosine kinase activation, bacterial phosphatase IpgD expression and the invasive NPM-ALK(+) lymphomas. The discovery that PtdIns5P could be a keystone of GTPases and cytoskeleton spatiotemporal regulation opens important research avenues towards unravelling new strategies counteracting cell invasion.
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Viaud J, Boal F, Tronchère H, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Payrastre B. Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate: A nuclear stress lipid and a tuner of membranes and cytoskeleton dynamics. Bioessays 2013; 36:260-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Viaud
- Inserm U1048; I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - Frédéric Boal
- Inserm U1048; I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - Hélène Tronchère
- Inserm U1048; I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | | | - Bernard Payrastre
- Inserm U1048; I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
- CHU de Toulouse; Laboratoire d'Hématologie; Toulouse France
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