1
|
Suzuki K, Okawa Y, Akter S, Ito H, Shiba Y. Arf GTPase-Activating proteins ADAP1 and ARAP1 regulate incorporation of CD63 in multivesicular bodies. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060338. [PMID: 38682696 PMCID: PMC11103404 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Arf GTPase-activating proteins (ArfGAPs) mediate the hydrolysis of GTP bound to ADP-ribosylation factors. ArfGAPs are critical for cargo sorting in the Golgi-to-ER traffic. However, the role of ArfGAPs in sorting into intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in post-Golgi traffic remains unclear. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) of endosomal origin. CD63 is an EV marker. CD63 is enriched ILVs in MVBs of cells. However, the secretion of CD63 positive EVs has not been consistent with the data on CD63 localization in MVBs, and how CD63-containing EVs are formed is yet to be understood. To elucidate the mechanism of CD63 transport to ILVs, we focused on CD63 localization in MVBs and searched for the ArfGAPs involved in CD63 localization. We observed that ADAP1 and ARAP1 depletion inhibited CD63 localization to enlarged endosomes after Rab5Q79L overexpression. We tested epidermal growth factor (EGF) and CD9 localization in MVBs. We observed that ADAP1 and ARAP1 depletion inhibited CD9 localization in enlarged endosomes but not EGF. Our results indicate ADAP1 and ARAP1, regulate incorporation of CD63 and CD9, but not EGF, in overlapped and different MVBs. Our work will contribute to distinguish heterogenous ILVs and exosomes by ArfGAPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Suzuki
- Graduate course of Biological Sciences, Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 020-8551, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Okawa
- Graduate course of Biological Sciences, Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 020-8551, Morioka, Japan
| | - Sharmin Akter
- Graduate course of Biological Sciences, Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 020-8551, Morioka, Japan
| | - Haruki Ito
- Biological Sciences Course, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 020-8551, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yoko Shiba
- Graduate course of Biological Sciences, Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 020-8551, Morioka, Japan
- Biological Sciences Course, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 020-8551, Morioka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hall AE, Lisci M, Rose MD. Differential Requirement for the Cell Wall Integrity Sensor Wsc1p in Diploids Versus Haploids. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121049. [PMID: 34947031 PMCID: PMC8703914 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary role of the Cell Wall Integrity Pathway (CWI) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is monitoring the state of the cell wall in response to general life cycle stresses (growth and mating) and imposed stresses (temperature changes and chemicals). Of the five mechanosensor proteins monitoring cell wall stress, Wsc1p and Mid2p are the most important. We find that WSC1 has a stringent requirement in zygotes and diploids, unlike haploids, and differing from MID2's role in shmoos. Diploids lacking WSC1 die frequently, independent of mating type. Death is due to loss of cell wall and plasma membrane integrity, which is suppressed by osmotic support. Overexpression of several CWI pathway components suppress wsc1∆ zygotic death, including WSC2, WSC3, and BEM2, as well as the Rho-GAPS, BEM3 and RGD2. Microscopic observations and suppression by BEM2 and BEM3 suggest that wsc1∆ zygotes die during bud emergence. Downstream in the CWI pathway, overexpression of a hyperactive protein kinase C (Pkc1p-R398P) causes growth arrest, and blocks the pheromone response. With moderate levels of Pkc1p-R398P, cells form zygotes and the wsc1∆ defect is suppressed. This work highlights functional differences in the requirement for Wsc1p in diploids Versus haploids and between Mid2p and Wsc1p during mating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Hall
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; (A.E.H.); (M.L.)
- Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Miriam Lisci
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; (A.E.H.); (M.L.)
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Mark D. Rose
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; (A.E.H.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Watanabe A, Hataida H, Inoue N, Kamon K, Baba K, Sasaki K, Kimura R, Sasaki H, Eura Y, Ni WF, Shibasaki Y, Waguri S, Kokame K, Shiba Y. Arf GTPase-activating proteins SMAP1 and AGFG2 regulate the size of Weibel-Palade bodies and exocytosis of von Willebrand factor. Biol Open 2021; 10:271213. [PMID: 34369554 PMCID: PMC8430232 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arf GTPase-Activating proteins (ArfGAPs) mediate the hydrolysis of GTP bound to ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs), which are critical to form transport intermediates. ArfGAPs have been thought to be negative regulators of Arfs; however, accumulating evidence indicates that ArfGAPs are important for cargo sorting and promote membrane traffic. Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are cigar-shaped secretory granules in endothelial cells that contain von Willebrand factor (vWF) as their main cargo. WPB biogenesis at the Golgi was reported to be regulated by Arf and their regulators, but the role of ArfGAPs has been unknown. In this study, we performed siRNA screening of ArfGAPs to investigate the role of ArfGAPs in the biogenesis of WPBs. We found two ArfGAPs, SMAP1 and AGFG2, to be involved in WPB size and vWF exocytosis, respectively. SMAP1 depletion resulted in small-sized WPBs, and the lysosomal inhibitor leupeptin recovered the size of WPBs. The results indicate that SMAP1 functions in preventing the degradation of cigar-shaped WPBs. On the other hand, AGFG2 downregulation resulted in the inhibition of vWF secretion upon Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or histamine stimulation, suggesting that AGFG2 plays a role in vWF exocytosis. Our study revealed unexpected roles of ArfGAPs in vWF transport. Summary: The Arf GTPase-activating proteins SMAP1 and AGFG2 regulate the size of Weibel-Palade bodies and exocytosis of von Willebrand factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asano Watanabe
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Hikari Hataida
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Naoya Inoue
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kamon
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Keigo Baba
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Sasaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Rika Kimura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Honoka Sasaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Yuka Eura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Wei-Fen Ni
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, 80201, Taiwan
| | - Yuji Shibasaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Koichi Kokame
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Yoko Shiba
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiong W, Shen C, Wang Z. The molecular mechanisms underlying acrosome biogenesis elucidated by gene-manipulated mice. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:789-807. [PMID: 34131698 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of two gametes in a multistep and multifactorial process termed fertilization. One of the main steps that ensures successful fertilization is acrosome reaction. The acrosome, a special kind of organelle with a cap-like structure that covers the anterior portion of sperm head, plays a key role in the process. Acrosome biogenesis begins with the initial stage of spermatid development, and it is typically divided into four successive phases: the Golgi phase, cap phase, acrosome phase, and maturation phase. The run smoothly of above processes needs an active and specific coordination between the all kinds of organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, trans-golgi network and nucleus) and cytoplasmic structures (acroplaxome and manchette). During the past two decades, an increasingly genes have been discovered to be involved in modulating acrosome formation. Most of these proteins interact with each other and show a complicated molecular regulatory mechanism to facilitate the occurrence of this event. This Review focuses on the progresses of studying acrosome biogenesis using gene-manipulated mice and highlights an emerging molecular basis of mammalian acrosome formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eiseler T, Wille C, Koehler C, Illing A, Seufferlein T. Protein Kinase D2 Assembles a Multiprotein Complex at the Trans-Golgi Network to Regulate Matrix Metalloproteinase Secretion. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:462-77. [PMID: 26507660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle formation and fission are tightly regulated at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) during constitutive secretion. Two major protein families regulate these processes: members of the adenosyl-ribosylation factor family of small G-proteins (ARFs) and the protein kinase D (PKD) family of serine/threonine kinases. The functional relationship between these two key regulators of protein transport from the TGN so far is elusive. We here demonstrate the assembly of a novel functional protein complex at the TGN and its key members: cytosolic PKD2 binds ARF-like GTPase (ARL1) and shuttles ARL1 to the TGN. ARL1, in turn, localizes Arfaptin2 to the TGN. At the TGN, where PKD2 interacts with active ARF1, PKD2, and ARL1 are required for the assembly of a complex comprising of ARF1 and Arfaptin2 leading to secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -7. In conclusion, our data indicate that PKD2 is a core factor in the formation of this multiprotein complex at the TGN that controls constitutive secretion of matrix metalloproteinase cargo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Eiseler
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany and
| | - Christoph Wille
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany and
| | - Conny Koehler
- the Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube, Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anett Illing
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany and
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany and
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Z, Mobley JA, DeLucas LJ, Kahn RA, West AB. LRRK2 autophosphorylation enhances its GTPase activity. FASEB J 2015; 30:336-47. [PMID: 26396237 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The leucine-rich repeat kinase (LRRK)-2 protein contains nonoverlapping GTPase and kinase domains, and mutation in either domain can cause Parkinson disease. GTPase proteins are critical upstream modulators of many effector protein kinases. In LRRK2, this paradigm may be reversed, as the kinase domain phosphorylates its own GTPase domain. In this study, we found that the ameba LRRK2 ortholog ROCO4 phosphorylates the GTPase domain [termed Ras-of-complex (ROC) domain in this family] of human LRRK2 on the same residues as the human LRRK2 kinase. Phosphorylation of ROC enhances its rate of GTP hydrolysis [from kcat (catalytic constant) 0.007 to 0.016 min(-1)], without affecting GTP or GDP dissociation kinetics [koff = 0.093 and 0.148 min(-1) for GTP and GDP, respectively). Phosphorylation also promotes the formation of ROC dimers, although GTPase activity appears to be equivalent between purified dimers and monomers. Modeling experiments show that phosphorylation induces conformational changes at the critical p-loop structure. Finally, ROC appears to be one of many GTPases phosphorylated in p-loop residues, as revealed by alignment of LRRK2 autophosphorylation sites with GTPases annotated in the phosphoproteome database. These results provide an example of a novel mechanism for kinase-mediated control of GTPase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- *Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Center for Structural Biology, Department of Optometry, and Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James A Mobley
- *Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Center for Structural Biology, Department of Optometry, and Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lawrence J DeLucas
- *Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Center for Structural Biology, Department of Optometry, and Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard A Kahn
- *Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Center for Structural Biology, Department of Optometry, and Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew B West
- *Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Center for Structural Biology, Department of Optometry, and Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kon S, Funaki T, Satake M. Putative terminator and/or effector functions of Arf GAPs in the trafficking of clathrin-coated vesicles. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2014; 1:86-89. [PMID: 21922072 DOI: 10.4161/cl.1.3.16192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of ArfGAP1 as a terminator or effector in COPi-vesicle formation has been the subject of ongoing discussions. Here, the discussion on the putative terminator/effector functions has been enlarged to include Arf GAP members involved in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. ACAP1, whose role has been studied extensively, enhances the recycling of endocytosed proteins to the plasma membrane. Importantly, this positive role appears to be an overall reflection of both the terminator and effector activities attributed to ACAP1. Other Arf GAP subtypes have also been suggested to possess both terminator and effector activities. Interestingly, while most Arf GAP proteins regulate membrane trafficking by acting as facilitators, a few Arf GAP subtypes act as inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kon
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Arf GTPase-activating protein SMAP1 promotes transferrin receptor endocytosis and interacts with SMAP2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:473-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
9
|
Kon S, Kobayashi N, Satake M. Altered trafficking of mutated growth factor receptors and their associated molecules: implication for human cancers. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2014; 4:e28461. [PMID: 25210647 PMCID: PMC4156482 DOI: 10.4161/cl.28461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-stimulated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are phosphorylated/ubiquitinated, endocytosed and transported to the lysosomes via endosomes/multivesicular bodies, resulting in the attenuation of signal transmission. If this physiological mechanism of RTK signal downregulation is perturbed, signal transduction persists and may contribute to cellular transformation. This article presents several such examples. In some cases, endocytosis is impaired, and the activated RTK remains on the plasma membrane. In other cases, the activated RTK is endocytosed into endosomes/multivesicular bodies, but not subsequently sorted to the lysosomes for degradation. The latter cases indicate that even endocytosed RTKs can transmit signals. Transport of RTKs is accomplished via the formation and movement of membrane vesicles. Blockage or delay of endocytosis/trafficking can be caused by genetic alterations in the RTK itself or by mutations in CBL, Arf GAPs, or other components involved in internalization and vesicle transport. A survey of the literature indicates that, in some cases, even RTKs synthesized de novo can initiate signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi before reaching the plasma membrane. The spectrum of molecules targeted by the signal is likely to be different between cell surface- and endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi-localized RTKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kon
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University; Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Kobayashi
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University; Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanobu Satake
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University; Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Funaki T, Kon S, Tanabe K, Natsume W, Sato S, Shimizu T, Yoshida N, Wong WF, Ogura A, Ogawa T, Inoue K, Ogonuki N, Miki H, Mochida K, Endoh K, Yomogida K, Fukumoto M, Horai R, Iwakura Y, Ito C, Toshimori K, Watanabe T, Satake M. The Arf GAP SMAP2 is necessary for organized vesicle budding from the trans-Golgi network and subsequent acrosome formation in spermiogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2633-44. [PMID: 23864717 PMCID: PMC3756916 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-05-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAP2 is an Arf GAP and modulates clathrin-coated vesicle formation. SMAP2-deficient male mice exhibited globozoospermia due to acrosome deformation. In SMAP2(−/−) spermatids, budding of proacrosomal vesicles from the TGN was distorted and clathrin traffic–related molecules such as CALM and syntaxin2 were mislocated. The trans-Golgi network (TGN) functions as a hub organelle in the exocytosis of clathrin-coated membrane vesicles, and SMAP2 is an Arf GTPase-activating protein that binds to both clathrin and the clathrin assembly protein (CALM). In the present study, SMAP2 is detected on the TGN in the pachytene spermatocyte to the round spermatid stages of spermatogenesis. Gene targeting reveals that SMAP2-deficient male mice are healthy and survive to adulthood but are infertile and exhibit globozoospermia. In SMAP2-deficient spermatids, the diameter of proacrosomal vesicles budding from TGN increases, TGN structures are distorted, acrosome formation is severely impaired, and reorganization of the nucleus does not proceed properly. CALM functions to regulate vesicle sizes, and this study shows that CALM is not recruited to the TGN in the absence of SMAP2. Furthermore, syntaxin2, a component of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex, is not properly concentrated at the site of acrosome formation. Thus this study reveals a link between SMAP2 and CALM/syntaxin2 in clathrin-coated vesicle formation from the TGN and subsequent acrosome formation. SMAP2-deficient mice provide a model for globozoospermia in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Funaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schlacht A, Mowbrey K, Elias M, Kahn RA, Dacks JB. Ancient complexity, opisthokont plasticity, and discovery of the 11th subfamily of Arf GAP proteins. Traffic 2013; 14:636-49. [PMID: 23433073 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The organelle paralogy hypothesis is one model for the acquisition of nonendosymbiotic organelles, generated from molecular evolutionary analyses of proteins encoding specificity in the membrane traffic system. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arfs) GTPases are additional regulators of the kinetics and fidelity of membrane traffic. Here we describe molecular evolutionary analyses of the Arf GAP protein family. Of the 10 subfamilies previously defined in humans, we find that 5 were likely present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Of the 3 most recently derived subfamilies, 1 was likely present in the ancestor of opisthokonts (animals and fungi) and apusomonads (flagellates classified as the sister lineage to opisthokonts), while 2 arose in the holozoan lineage. We also propose to have identified a novel ancient subfamily (ArfGAPC2), present in diverse eukaryotes but which is lost frequently, including in the opisthokonts. Surprisingly few ancient domains accompanying the ArfGAP domain were identified, in marked contrast to the extensively decorated human Arf GAPs. Phylogenetic analyses of the subfamilies reveal patterns of single and multiple gene duplications specific to the Holozoa, to some degree mirroring evolution of Arf GAP targets, the Arfs. Conservation, and lack thereof, of various residues in the ArfGAP structure provide contextualization of previously identified functional amino acids and their application to Arf GAP biology in general. Overall, our results yield insights into current Arf GAP biology, reveal complexity in the ancient eukaryotic ancestor and integrate the Arf GAP family into a proposed mechanism for the evolution of nonendosymbiotic organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schlacht
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kon S, Minegishi N, Tanabe K, Watanabe T, Funaki T, Wong WF, Sakamoto D, Higuchi Y, Kiyonari H, Asano K, Iwakura Y, Fukumoto M, Osato M, Sanada M, Ogawa S, Nakamura T, Satake M. Smap1 deficiency perturbs receptor trafficking and predisposes mice to myelodysplasia. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1123-37. [PMID: 23434593 DOI: 10.1172/jci63711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of clathrin-coated vesicles is essential for intracellular membrane trafficking between subcellular compartments and is triggered by the ARF family of small GTPases. We previously identified SMAP1 as an ARF6 GTPase-activating protein that functions in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Because abnormalities in clathrin-dependent trafficking are often associated with oncogenesis, we targeted Smap1 in mice to examine its physiological and pathological significance. Smap1-deficent mice exhibited healthy growth, but their erythroblasts showed enhanced transferrin endocytosis. In mast cells cultured in SCF, Smap1 deficiency did not affect the internalization of c-KIT but impaired the sorting of internalized c-KIT from multivesicular bodies to lysosomes, resulting in intracellular accumulation of undegraded c-KIT that was accompanied by enhanced activation of ERK and increased cell growth. Interestingly, approximately 50% of aged Smap1-deficient mice developed anemia associated with morphologically dysplastic cells of erythroid-myeloid lineage, which are hematological abnormalities similar to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in humans. Furthermore, some Smap1-deficient mice developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of various subtypes. Collectively, to our knowledge these results provide the first evidence in a mouse model that the deregulation of clathrin-dependent membrane trafficking may be involved in the development of MDS and subsequent AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kon
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shiba Y, Randazzo PA. ArfGAP1 function in COPI mediated membrane traffic: currently debated models and comparison to other coat-binding ArfGAPs. Histol Histopathol 2012; 27:1143-53. [PMID: 22806901 DOI: 10.14670/hh-27.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ArfGAPs are a family of proteins containing an ArfGAP catalytic domain that induces the hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small guanine nucleotide binding-protein ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf). Functional models for Arfs, which are regulators of membrane traffic, are based on the idea that guanine nucleotide-binding proteins function as switches: Arf with GTP bound is active and binds to effector proteins; the conversion of GTP to GDP inactivates Arf. The cellular activities of ArfGAPs have been examined primarily as regulatory proteins that inactivate Arf; however, Arf function in membrane traffic does not strictly adhere to the concept of a simple switch, adding complexity to models explaining the role of ArfGAPs. Here, we review the literature addressing the function Arf and ArfGAP1 in COPI mediated transport, focusing on two critical and integrated functions of membrane traffic, cargo sorting and vesicle coat polymerization. We briefly discuss other ArfGAPs that may have similar function in Arf-dependent membrane traffic outside the ER-Golgi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Shiba
- National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shiba Y, Luo R, Hinshaw JE, Szul T, Hayashi R, Sztul E, Nagashima K, Baxa U, Randazzo PA. ArfGAP1 promotes COPI vesicle formation by facilitating coatomer polymerization. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2011; 1:139-154. [PMID: 22279613 PMCID: PMC3265926 DOI: 10.4161/cl.1.4.18896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of ArfGAP1 in COPI vesicle biogenesis has been controversial. In work using isolated Golgi membranes, ArfGAP1 was found to promote COPI vesicle formation. In contrast, in studies using large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) as model membranes, ArfGAP1 functioned as an uncoating factor inhibiting COPI vesicle formation. We set out to discriminate between these models. First, we reexamined the effect of ArfGAP1 on LUVs. We found that ArfGAP1 increased the efficiency of coatomer-induced deformation of LUVs. Second, ArfGAP1 and peptides from cargo facilitated self-assembly of coatomer into spherical structures in the absence of membranes, reminiscent of clathrin self-assembly. Third, in vivo, ArfGAP1 overexpression induced the accumulation of vesicles and allowed normal trafficking of a COPI cargo. Taken together, these data support the model in which ArfGAP1 promotes COPI vesicle formation and membrane traffic and identify a function for ArfGAP1 in the assembly of coatomer into COPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Shiba
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ruibai Luo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jenny E Hinshaw
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Tomasz Szul
- Department of Cell Biology; The University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Ryo Hayashi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology; National Cancer Institute; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell Biology; The University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, ATP, SAIC-Frederick, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Ulrich Baxa
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, ATP, SAIC-Frederick, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|