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Chu Q, Xie C, Cao G, Hu Z, Li F, Fu Y, Han G, Li X. An Alternative Thinking in Tumor Therapeutics: Living Yeast Armored with Silicate. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16264-16273. [PMID: 37523324 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid platform, constructed via the surface "armoring" of living yeasts by a manganese silicate compound (MS@Yeast), is investigated for combinational cancer treatment. The intrinsic characteristics of living yeasts, in both acidophilic and anaerobic conditions, empower the hybrid platform with activated selected colonization in tumors. While silicate particles are delivered in a targeting manner, yeast fermentation occurs at the cancerous region, inducing both alcohol and CO2. The excessive content of alcohol causes the hemangiectasis of tumor tissue, facilitating the penetration of therapeutics into central tumors and subsequent endocytosis. The catalytic Mn2+ ions, released from silicate particles, react with CO2 to induce forceful oxidative stress in tumor cells, ablating the primary tumors. More interestingly, the debris of sacrificed tumor cells and yeasts triggers considerable antitumor immune responses, rejecting both rechallenged and metastatic tumors. The integration of biologically active microorganisms and functional materials, illustrated in this study, provides distinctive perspectives in the exploration of potential therapeutics for tackling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Congkun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yike Fu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaorong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, People's Republic of China
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2
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Xu J, Cao W, Wang P, Liu H. Tumor-Derived Membrane Vesicles: A Promising Tool for Personalized Immunotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070876. [PMID: 35890175 PMCID: PMC9318328 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived membrane vesicles (TDMVs) are non-invasive, chemotactic, easily obtained characteristics and contain various tumor-borne substances, such as nucleic acid and proteins. The unique properties of tumor cells and membranes make them widely used in drug loading, membrane fusion and vaccines. In particular, personalized vectors prepared using the editable properties of cells can help in the design of personalized vaccines. This review focuses on recent research on TDMV technology and its application in personalized immunotherapy. We elucidate the strengths and challenges of TDMVs to promote their application from theory to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Xu
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (J.X.); (P.W.)
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China;
| | - Penglai Wang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (J.X.); (P.W.)
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China;
- Correspondence:
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3
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Guiren Fritah H, Rovelli R, Lai-Lai Chiang C, Kandalaft LE. The current clinical landscape of personalized cancer vaccines. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 106:102383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Han L, Peng K, Qiu LY, Li M, Ruan JH, He LL, Yuan ZX. Hitchhiking on Controlled-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Opportunities and Challenges for Cancer Vaccines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679602. [PMID: 34040536 PMCID: PMC8141731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines represent among the most promising strategies in the battle against cancers. However, the clinical efficacy of current cancer vaccines is largely limited by the lack of optimized delivery systems to generate strong and persistent antitumor immune responses. Moreover, most cancer vaccines require multiple injections to boost the immune responses, leading to poor patient compliance. Controlled-release drug delivery systems are able to address these issues by presenting drugs in a controlled spatiotemporal manner, which allows co-delivery of multiple drugs, reduction of dosing frequency and avoidance of significant systemic toxicities. In this review, we outline the recent progress in cancer vaccines including subunit vaccines, genetic vaccines, dendritic cell-based vaccines, tumor cell-based vaccines and in situ vaccines. Furthermore, we highlight the efforts and challenges of controlled or sustained release drug delivery systems (e.g., microparticles, scaffolds, injectable gels, and microneedles) in ameliorating the safety, effectiveness and operability of cancer vaccines. Finally, we briefly discuss the correlations of vaccine release kinetics and the immune responses to enlighten the rational design of the next-generation platforms for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Peng
- School of pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Li-Ying Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Hua Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-Li He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Khalaf WS, Garg M, Mohamed YS, Stover CM, Browning MJ. In vitro Generation of Cytotoxic T Cells With Potential for Adoptive Tumor Immunotherapy of Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1792. [PMID: 31428094 PMCID: PMC6687956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a life-threatening hematological malignancy, which is rarely curable by conventional therapies. Immunotherapy, using tumor antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, may represent an alternative or additional treatment for multiple myeloma. In this study, we used hybrid cell lines, generated by fusion of an EBV B-lymphoblastoid cell line (B-LCL) and myeloma cells, to stimulate in vitro peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from patients with multiple myeloma. We investigated induction of antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes to the well-defined tumor associated antigens (TAAs) hTERT, MUC1, MAGE-C1 and CS1, which have been shown to be expressed in a high proportion of cases of multiple myeloma. HLA-A2-peptide pentamer staining, interferon-γ and perforin ELISpot assays, as well as cytotoxicity assays were used. Following several rounds of in vitro stimulation, the hybrid cell lines induced antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes to four candidate TAAs in PBLs from HLA-A2+ multiple myeloma patients, using known HLA-A2 restricted peptide epitopes of the TAAs. In contrast, the HLA-A2+ myeloma cell line U266 failed to induce antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vitro. Our data indicate that B-LCL/myeloma hybrid cell lines induce antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in PBLs isolated from multiple myeloma patients in vitro and may represent a novel strategy for use in adoptive immunotherapy of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S Khalaf
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Leicester University, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mamta Garg
- Department of Haematology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Yehia S Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cordula M Stover
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Leicester University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Browning
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Leicester University, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Cancer cell fusion: a potential target to tackle drug-resistant and metastatic cancer cells. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1836-1844. [PMID: 31163272 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell fusion is an integral, established phenomenon underlying various physiological processes in the cell cycle. Although research in cancer metastasis has hypothesised numerous molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways responsible for invasion and metastasis, the origin and progression of metastatic cells within primary tumours remains unclear. Recently, the role of cancer cell fusion in cancer metastasis and development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumours has gained prominence. However, evidence remains lacking to justify the role of cell fusion in cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Here, we highlight plausible mechanisms governing cell fusion with different cell types in the tumour microenvironment (TME), the clinical relevance of cancer cell fusion, its potential as a target for overcoming MDR and inhibiting metastasis, and putative modes of treatment.
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7
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Fusogens: Chemical Agents That Can Rapidly Restore Function After Nerve Injury. J Surg Res 2019; 233:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mohamed YS, Bashawri LA, Vatte C, Abu-Rish EY, Cyrus C, Khalaf WS, Browning MJ. The in vitro generation of multi-tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell clones: Candidates for leukemia adoptive immunotherapy following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Mol Immunol 2016; 77:79-88. [PMID: 27490939 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy is a promising approach to manage and maintain relapse-free survival of leukemia patients, especially following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Post-transplant adoptive immunotherapy using cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) of the donor origin provide graft-versus-tumor effects, with or without graft-versus-host disease. Myeloid leukemias express immunogenic leukemia associated antigens (LAAs); such as WT-1, PRAME, MAGE, h-TERT and others, most of them are able to induce specific T cell responses whenever associated with the proper co-stimulation. We investigated the ability of a LAA-expressing hybridoma cell line to induce CTL clones in PBMCs of HLA-matched healthy donors in vitro. The CTL clones were induced by repetitive co-culture with LAAs-expressing, HLA-A*0201(+) hybrid cell line, generated by fusion of leukemia blasts to human immortalized APC (EBV-sensitized B-lymphoblastoid cell line; HMy2). The induced cytotoxic T cell clones were phenotypically and functionally characterized by pentamer analysis, IFN-γ release ELISPOT and cellular cytotoxicity assays. All T cell lines showed robust peptide recognition and functional activity when sensitized with HLA-A*0201-restricted WT-1235-243, hTERT615-624 or PRAME100-108 peptides-pulsed T2 cells, in addition to partially HLA-matched leukemia blasts. This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing multi-tumor antigen-specific T cell lines in allogeneic PBMCs in vitro, using LAA-expressing tumor/HMy2 hybrid cell line model, for potential use in leukemia adoptive immunotherapy in partially matched donor-recipient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia S Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, PO BOX 2114, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Layla A Bashawri
- Clinical Laboratory Department, King Fahad Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chittibabu Vatte
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, University of Dammam, PO BOX-1982, Dammam-31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Y Abu-Rish
- Department of Biopharmaceutics & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Cyril Cyrus
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, University of Dammam, PO BOX-1982, Dammam-31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa S Khalaf
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael J Browning
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
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Abstract
Tumor cells could fundamentally be recognized and eliminated by the immune system but malignant cells are able to escape the immune surveillance system. The idea of immunotherapy of cancer is to activate, modulate and amplify the host immune response or to genetically equip the immune repertoire of patients with anti-tumor specificities and effectors. In recent years, a variety of promising immunotherapy strategies have been developed, such as bispecific, multispecific and immunoregulatory antibodies, gene-modified T lymphocytes and tumor vaccines. Some drugs have already been approved and others are available for patients in clinical trials. This article presents the current anti-tumor immune strategies and their molecular basis. Even though further research is needed in some areas, such as the establishment of biomarkers for targeted therapy, duration of therapeutic activity and compatibility of combined strategies, cancer immunotherapy is likely to be a key component in oncological treatment concepts in the very near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dietrich
- III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland,
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Yu Y, Duan J, Geng W, Li Q, Jiang L, Li Y, Yu Y, Sun Z. Aberrant cytokinesis and cell fusion result in multinucleation in HepG2 cells exposed to silica nanoparticles. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:490-500. [PMID: 25625797 DOI: 10.1021/tx500473h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The multinucleation effect of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) had been determined in our previous studies, but the relative mechanisms of multinucleation and how the multinucleated cells are generated were still not clear. This extensional study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the formation of multinucleated cells after SiNPs exposure. We first investigated cellular multinucleation, then performed time-lapse confocal imaging to certify whether the multinucleated cells resulted from cell fusion or abnormal cell division. Our results confirmed for the first time that there are three patterns contributing to the SiNPs-induced multinucleation in HepG2 cells: cell fusion, karyokinesis without cytokinesis, and cytokinesis followed by fusion. The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) deficiency and cell cycle arrest in G1/S and G2/M checkpoints may be responsible for the cell aberrant cytokinesis. The activated MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling and decreased mitosis related proteins might be the underlying mechanism of cell cycle arrest and thus multinucleation. In summary, we confirmed the hypothesis that aberrant cytokinesis and cell fusion resulted in multinucleation in HepG2 cells after SiNPs exposure. Since cell fusion and multinucleation were involved in genetic instability and tumor development, this study suggests the potential ability of SiNPs to induce cellular genetic instability. These findings raise concerns with regard to human health hazards and environmental risks with SiNPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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Makkouk A, Weiner GJ. Cancer immunotherapy and breaking immune tolerance: new approaches to an old challenge. Cancer Res 2014; 75:5-10. [PMID: 25524899 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has proven to be challenging as it depends on overcoming multiple mechanisms that mediate immune tolerance to self-antigens. A growing understanding of immune tolerance has been the foundation for new approaches to cancer immunotherapy. Adoptive transfer of immune effectors such as antitumor mAb and chimeric antigen receptor T cells bypasses many of the mechanisms involved in immune tolerance by allowing for expansion of tumor-specific effectors ex vivo. Vaccination with whole tumor cells, protein, peptide, or dendritic cells has proven challenging, yet may be more useful when combined with other cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. Immunomodulatory approaches to cancer immunotherapy include treatment with agents that enhance and maintain T-cell activation. Recent advances in the use of checkpoint blockade to block negative signals and to maintain the antitumor response are particularly exciting. With our growing knowledge of immune tolerance and ways to overcome it, combination treatments are being developed, tested, and have particular promise. One example is in situ immunization that is designed to break tolerance within the tumor microenvironment. Progress in all these areas is continuing based on clear evidence that cancer immunotherapy designed to overcome immune tolerance can be useful for a growing number of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Makkouk
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - George J Weiner
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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12
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Cekic C, Day YJ, Sag D, Linden J. Myeloid expression of adenosine A2A receptor suppresses T and NK cell responses in the solid tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7250-9. [PMID: 25377469 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of adenosine in tumor microenvironments inhibit antitumor cytotoxic lymphocyte responses. Although T cells express inhibitory adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) that suppress their activation and inhibit immune killing of tumors, a role for myeloid cell A2ARs in suppressing the immune response to tumors has yet to be investigated. In this study, we show that the growth of transplanted syngeneic B16F10 melanoma or Lewis lung carcinoma cells is slowed in Adora2a(f/f)-LysMCre(+/-) mice, which selectively lack myeloid A2ARs. Reduced melanoma growth is associated with significant increases in MHCII and IL12 expression in tumor-associated macrophages and with >90% reductions in IL10 expression in tumor-associated macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), and Ly6C(+) or Ly6G(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Myeloid deletion of A2ARs significantly increases CD44 expression on tumor-associated T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells or NK cells in tumor-bearing mice indicates that both cell types initially contribute to slowing melanoma growth in mice lacking myeloid A2A receptors, but tumor suppression mediated by CD8(+) T cells is more persistent. Myeloid-selective A2AR deletion significantly reduces lung metastasis of melanomas that express luciferase (for in vivo tracking) and ovalbumin (as a model antigen). Reduced metastasis is associated with increased numbers and activation of NK cells and antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in lung infiltrates. Overall, the findings indicate that myeloid cell A2ARs have direct myelosuppressive effects that indirectly contribute to the suppression of T cells and NK cells in primary and metastatic tumor microenvironments. The results indicate that tumor-associated myeloid cells, including macrophages, DCs, and MDSCs all express immunosuppressive A2ARs that are potential targets of adenosine receptor blockers to enhance immune killing of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Cekic
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yuan-Ji Day
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University, Tauyuan, Taiwan
| | - Duygu Sag
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Joel Linden
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California.
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Li J, Yu X, Wagner TE, Wei Y. A biotin-streptavidin-biotin bridge dramatically enhances cell fusion. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:198-202. [PMID: 24959245 PMCID: PMC4063645 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the generation of hybrid cells by cell fusion plays a significant role in biotechnology and biomedicine, the low cell-fusion rates and the limitation of large-scale cell fusion for clinical applications of the two widely used approaches, polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-mediated cell fusion and electrofusion, hinder the application of this critical technology in certain key areas, including cancer immunotherapy. In the present study, a simple procedure that can not only significantly increase the heterologous cell fusion but is also capable of producing fused cells on a large scale is reported. A biotin-streptavidin-biotin (BSB) bridge was created by coating one to-be-fused cell with biotin and the other with biotin-streptavidin. The BSB bridge enhances cell-fusion rates induced with PEG fusion or electrofusion by 10–30% depending on the cell types when compared with cell fusions without the bridge. The procedure described increases heterologous cell pairing and eliminates the alignment step required for the majority of electrofusions. Notably, it can be used to make large-scale cell fusions for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Greenville Technical College, Greenville, SC 29601, USA
| | - Xianzhong Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Yanzhang Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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