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Yi H, Wang Q, Deng J, Li H, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Ji T, Liu W, Zheng X, Ma Q, Sun X, Zhang Y, Yu X, He M, Chen L, Feng Y. Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against adenovirus type 26 and 35 in healthy populations from Guangdong and Shandong provinces, China. Virol Sin 2022; 37:716-723. [PMID: 35764207 PMCID: PMC9583180 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses type 26 (HAdV26) and type 35 (HAdV35) have increasingly become the choice of adenovirus vectors for vaccine application. However, the population pre-existing immunity to these two adenoviruses in China, which may reduce vaccine efficacy, remains largely unknown. Here, we established micro-neutralizing (MN) assays to investigate the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against HAdV26 and HAdV35 in the general population of Guangdong and Shandong provinces, China. A total of 1184 serum samples were collected, 47.0% and 15.8% of which showed HAdV26 and HAdV35 nAb activity, respectively. HAdV26-seropositive individuals tended to have more moderate nAbs titers (201–1000), while HAdV35-seropositive individuals appeared to have more low nAbs titers (72–200). The seropositive rates of HAdV26 and HAdV35 in individuals younger than 20 years old were very low. The seropositive rates of HAdV26 increased with age before 70 years old and decreased thereafter, while HAdV35 seropositive rates did not show similar characteristics. Notably, the seropositive rates and nAb levels of both HAdV26 and HAdV35 were higher in Guangdong Province than in Shandong Province, but did not exert significant differences between males and females. The seroprevalence between HAdV26 and HAdV35 showed little correlation, and no significant cross-neutralizing activity was detected. These results clarified the characteristics of the herd immunity against HAdV26 and HAdV35, and provided information for the rational development and application of HAdV26 and HAdV35 as vaccine vectors in China. We address the pre-existing immunity of HAdV26 and HAdV35. The overall seroprevalence of nAbs against HAdV26 and HAdV35 were 47.0% and 15.8%. The seroprevalence level of HAdV26 and HAdV35 differed in age and in district. Pre-existing immunity should be considered when adenoviral vectors are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisu Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiankai Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hengchun Li
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingkun Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Pingyi Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Linyi, 273399, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Xiamen Institutes of Respiratory Health, Xiamen, 361013, China
| | - Tianxin Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xuehua Zheng
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinxin Sun
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuegao Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mengzhang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, China.
| | - Ying Feng
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Khandker SS, Godman B, Jawad MI, Meghla BA, Tisha TA, Khondoker MU, Haq MA, Charan J, Talukder AA, Azmuda N, Sharmin S, Jamiruddin MR, Haque M, Adnan N. A Systematic Review on COVID-19 Vaccine Strategies, Their Effectiveness, and Issues. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1387. [PMID: 34960133 PMCID: PMC8708628 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines are indispensable, with the number of cases and mortality still rising, and currently no medicines are routinely available for reducing morbidity and mortality, apart from dexamethasone, although others are being trialed and launched. To date, only a limited number of vaccines have been given emergency use authorization by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. There is a need to systematically review the existing vaccine candidates and investigate their safety, efficacy, immunogenicity, unwanted events, and limitations. The review was undertaken by searching online databases, i.e., Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, with finally 59 studies selected. Our findings showed several types of vaccine candidates with different strategies against SARS-CoV-2, including inactivated, mRNA-based, recombinant, and nanoparticle-based vaccines, are being developed and launched. We have compared these vaccines in terms of their efficacy, side effects, and seroconversion based on data reported in the literature. We found mRNA vaccines appeared to have better efficacy, and inactivated ones had fewer side effects and similar seroconversion in all types of vaccines. Overall, global variant surveillance and systematic tweaking of vaccines, coupled with the evaluation and administering vaccines with the same or different technology in successive doses along with homologous and heterologous prime-booster strategy, have become essential to impede the pandemic. Their effectiveness appreciably outweighs any concerns with any adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad Saif Khandker
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic & Research Center, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; (S.S.K.); (M.U.K.); (M.A.H.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK;
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md. Irfan Jawad
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (M.I.J.); (B.A.M.); (T.A.T.); (A.A.T.); (N.A.)
| | - Bushra Ayat Meghla
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (M.I.J.); (B.A.M.); (T.A.T.); (A.A.T.); (N.A.)
| | - Taslima Akter Tisha
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (M.I.J.); (B.A.M.); (T.A.T.); (A.A.T.); (N.A.)
| | - Mohib Ullah Khondoker
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic & Research Center, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; (S.S.K.); (M.U.K.); (M.A.H.); (M.R.J.)
- Department of Community Medicine, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Savar 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ahsanul Haq
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic & Research Center, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; (S.S.K.); (M.U.K.); (M.A.H.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India;
| | - Ali Azam Talukder
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (M.I.J.); (B.A.M.); (T.A.T.); (A.A.T.); (N.A.)
| | - Nafisa Azmuda
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (M.I.J.); (B.A.M.); (T.A.T.); (A.A.T.); (N.A.)
| | - Shahana Sharmin
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohd. Raeed Jamiruddin
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic & Research Center, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; (S.S.K.); (M.U.K.); (M.A.H.); (M.R.J.)
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sugai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nihad Adnan
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic & Research Center, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; (S.S.K.); (M.U.K.); (M.A.H.); (M.R.J.)
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (M.I.J.); (B.A.M.); (T.A.T.); (A.A.T.); (N.A.)
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Apaydin EA, Richardson AS, Baxi S, Vockley J, Akinniranye O, Ross R, Larkin J, Motala A, Azhar G, Hempel S. An evidence map of randomised controlled trials evaluating genetic therapies. BMJ Evid Based Med 2020; 26:bmjebm-2020-111448. [PMID: 33172937 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic therapies replace or inactivate disease-causing genes or introduce new or modified genes. These therapies have the potential to cure in a single application rather than treating symptoms through repeated administrations. This evidence map provides a broad overview of the genetic therapies that have been evaluated in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for efficacy and safety. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Two independent reviewers screened publications using predetermined eligibility criteria. Study details and data on safety and efficacy were abstracted from included trials. Results were visualised in an evidence map. INFORMATION SOURCES We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and grey literature to November 2018. RISK OF BIAS Only RCTs were included in this review to reduce the risk of selection bias in the evaluation of genetic therapy safety and efficacy. INCLUDED STUDIES We identified 119 RCTs evaluating genetic therapies for a variety of clinical conditions. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS On average, samples included 107 participants (range: 1-1022), and were followed for 15 months (range: 0-124). Interventions using adenoviruses (40%) to treat cardiovascular diseases (29%) were the most common. DESCRIPTION OF THE EFFECT In RCTs reporting safety and efficacy outcomes, in the majority (60%) genetic therapies were associated with improved symptoms but in nearly half (45%) serious adverse event (SAEs) were also reported. Improvement was reported in trials treating cancer, cardiovascular, ocular and muscular diseases. However, only 19 trials reported symptom improvement for at least 1 year. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF EVIDENCE This is the first comprehensive evidence map of RCTs evaluating the safety and efficacy of genetic therapies. Evidence for long-term effectiveness and safety is still sparse. This lack of evidence has implications for the use, ethics, pricing and logistics of genetic therapies. INTERPRETATION This evidence map provides a broad overview of research studies that allow strong evidence statements regarding the safety and efficacy of genetic therapies. Most interventions improve symptoms, but SAE are also common. More research is needed to evaluate genetic therapies with regard to the potential to cure diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Apaydin
- Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, Health Care, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
- Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrea S Richardson
- Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, Health Care, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sangita Baxi
- Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, Health Care, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olamigoke Akinniranye
- Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, Health Care, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Rachel Ross
- West Los Angeles Medical Center, Kaiser Foundation Hospitals, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jody Larkin
- Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, Health Care, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Aneesa Motala
- Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, Health Care, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Gulrez Azhar
- Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, Health Care, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Susanne Hempel
- Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, Health Care, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA
- Southern California Evidence Review Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Benest J, Rhodes S, Afrough S, Evans T, White R. Response Type and Host Species may be Sufficient to Predict Dose-Response Curve Shape for Adenoviral Vector Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020155. [PMID: 32235634 PMCID: PMC7349762 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine dose-response curves can follow both saturating and peaking shapes. Dose-response curves for adenoviral vector vaccines have not been systematically described. In this paper, we explore the dose-response shape of published adenoviral animal and human studies. Where data were informative, dose-response was approximately five times more likely to be peaking than saturating. There was evidence that host species and response type may be sufficient for prediction of dose-response curve shape. Dose-response curve shape prediction could decrease clinical trial costs, accelerating the development of life-saving vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Benest
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sophie Rhodes
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Sara Afrough
- Vaccitech Ltd., The Schrodinger Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK (T.E.)
| | - Thomas Evans
- Vaccitech Ltd., The Schrodinger Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK (T.E.)
| | - Richard White
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.)
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5
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Afrough S, Rhodes S, Evans T, White R, Benest J. Immunologic Dose-Response to Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review of Dose-Response Studies of Replication Incompetent Adenoviral Vaccine Vectors when Given via an Intramuscular or Subcutaneous Route. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E131. [PMID: 32192058 PMCID: PMC7157626 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal vaccine dosing is important to ensure the greatest protection and safety. Analysis of dose-response data, from previous studies, may inform future studies to determine the optimal dose. Implementing more quantitative modelling approaches in vaccine dose finding have been recently suggested to accelerate vaccine development. Adenoviral vectored vaccines are in advanced stage of development for a variety of prophylactic and therapeutic indications, however dose-response has not yet been systematically determined. To further inform adenoviral vectored vaccines dose identification, historical dose-response data should be systematically reviewed. A systematic literature review was conducted to collate and describe the available dose-response studies for adenovirus vectored vaccines. Of 2787 papers identified by Medline search strategy, 35 were found to conform to pre-defined criteria. The majority of studies were in mice or humans and studied adenovirus serotype 5. Dose-response data were available for 12 different immunological responses. The majority of papers evaluated three dose levels, only two evaluated more than five dose levels. The most common dosing range was 107-1010 viral particles in mouse studies and 108-1011 viral particles in human studies. Data were available on adenovirus vaccine dose-response, primarily on adenovirus serotype 5 backbones and in mice and humans. These data could be used for quantitative adenoviral vectored vaccine dose optimisation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Afrough
- Vaccitech Ltd., The Schrodinger Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK;
| | - Sophie Rhodes
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Thomas Evans
- Vaccitech Ltd., The Schrodinger Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK;
| | - Richard White
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.); (J.B.)
| | - John Benest
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.); (J.B.)
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Noor A, Krilov LR. Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine: where are we now and what comes next? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:1247-1256. [PMID: 30426788 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1544239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and elderly and to date, there is no safe or effective vaccine against RSV. AREAS COVERED This review provides a roadmap to RSV vaccine development. It is a journey spanning over more than half a century from the initial disappointment with inactivated formalin vaccine to the current advancements in vaccine technology. We highlight the important aspects of RSV structural biology and protective immune response. We include discussion of newer fusion glycoprotein immune targets and current vaccine candidates. We used Pub Med and Medline resources for literature search. EXPERT OPINION A resurgence of information on the burden related to RSV infection coupled with the newer understanding of the molecular mechanism of RSV infection has reignited a tremendous activity in RSV vaccine discovery. The vaccine pipeline is diverse and target populations are varied, thus making the goal of a safe and effective RSV vaccine in the future within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Noor
- a Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center , NYU Winthrop Hospital , Mineola , NY , USA
| | - Leonard R Krilov
- a Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center , NYU Winthrop Hospital , Mineola , NY , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook School of Medicine , State University of New York , Stony Brook , NY , USA
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Mazur NI, Higgins D, Nunes MC, Melero JA, Langedijk AC, Horsley N, Buchholz UJ, Openshaw PJ, McLellan JS, Englund JA, Mejias A, Karron RA, Simões EA, Knezevic I, Ramilo O, Piedra PA, Chu HY, Falsey AR, Nair H, Kragten-Tabatabaie L, Greenough A, Baraldi E, Papadopoulos NG, Vekemans J, Polack FP, Powell M, Satav A, Walsh EE, Stein RT, Graham BS, Bont LJ. The respiratory syncytial virus vaccine landscape: lessons from the graveyard and promising candidates. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 18:e295-e311. [PMID: 29914800 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is increasingly recognised, not only in infants, but also in older adults (aged ≥65 years). Advances in knowledge of the structural biology of the RSV surface fusion glycoprotein have revolutionised RSV vaccine development by providing a new target for preventive interventions. The RSV vaccine landscape has rapidly expanded to include 19 vaccine candidates and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in clinical trials, reflecting the urgency of reducing this global health problem and hence the prioritisation of RSV vaccine development. The candidates include mAbs and vaccines using four approaches: (1) particle-based, (2) live-attenuated or chimeric, (3) subunit, (4) vector-based. Late-phase RSV vaccine trial failures highlight gaps in knowledge regarding immunological protection and provide lessons for future development. In this Review, we highlight promising new approaches for RSV vaccine design and provide a comprehensive overview of RSV vaccine candidates and mAbs in clinical development to prevent one of the most common and severe infectious diseases in young children and older adults worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie I Mazur
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Deborah Higgins
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marta C Nunes
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit and Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - José A Melero
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annefleur C Langedijk
- Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Horsley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ursula J Buchholz
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunity at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ruth A Karron
- Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Af Simões
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Epidemiology Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivana Knezevic
- Norms and Standards for Biologicals, Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunity at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pedro A Piedra
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Ann R Falsey
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester and Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Harish Nair
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands; Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Leyla Kragten-Tabatabaie
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands; Julius Clinical, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Anne Greenough
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands; MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands; Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands; Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Johan Vekemans
- Initiative for Vaccine Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fernando P Polack
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands; Fundacion INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mair Powell
- Licensing Division, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), London, UK
| | - Ashish Satav
- Mahatma Gandhi Tribal Hospital, Karmagram, Utavali, Tahsil, Dharni, India
| | - Edward E Walsh
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester and Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Renato T Stein
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands; Pontificia Universidade Católica RGS (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louis J Bont
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands.
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Feng Y, Li C, Hu P, Wang Q, Zheng X, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Yang S, Yi C, Feng Y, Wu C, Qu L, Xu W, Li Y, Sun C, Gao FG, Xia X, Feng L, Chen L. An adenovirus serotype 2-vectored ebolavirus vaccine generates robust antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in mice and rhesus macaques. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:101. [PMID: 29872043 PMCID: PMC5988821 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ebolavirus vaccines based on several adenoviral vectors have been investigated in preclinical studies and clinical trials. The use of adenovirus serotype 2 as a vector for ebolavirus vaccine has not been reported. Herein, we generated rAd2-ZGP, a recombinant replication-incompetent adenovirus serotype 2 expressing codon-optimized Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein, and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice and rhesus macaques. rAd2-ZGP induced significant antibody and cell-mediated immune responses at 2 weeks after a single immunization. The glycoprotein (GP)-specific immune responses could be further enhanced with a booster immunization. Compared to protein antigens, Zaire ebolavirus GP and Zaire ebolavirus-like particles, rAd2-ZGP could induce stronger cross-reactive antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to heterologous Sudan ebolavirus in mice and rhesus macaques. In rAd2-ZGP-immunized macaques, GP-specific CD8+ T cells could secret IFN-γ and IL-2, indicating a Th1-biased response. In adenovirus serotype 5 seropositive macaques, rAd2-ZGP could induce robust antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, suggesting that the efficacy of rAd2-ZGP is not affected by pre-existing immunity to adenovirus serotype 5. These results demonstrated that rAd2-ZGP can be considered an alternative ebolavirus vaccine for use in adenovirus serotype 5 seropositive subjects or as a sequential booster vaccine after the subjects have been immunized with a recombinant adenovirus serotype 5-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chufang Li
- The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Peiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuehua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Changhua Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ying Feng
- The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chunxiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linbing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Wei Xu
- The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Fu Geroge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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9
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Crank MC, Wilson EMP, Novik L, Enama ME, Hendel CS, Gu W, Nason MC, Bailer RT, Nabel GJ, McDermott AB, Mascola JR, Koup RA, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS. Safety and Immunogenicity of a rAd35-EnvA Prototype HIV-1 Vaccine in Combination with rAd5-EnvA in Healthy Adults (VRC 012). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166393. [PMID: 27846256 PMCID: PMC5112788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VRC 012 was a Phase I study of a prototype recombinant adenoviral-vector serotype-35 (rAd35) HIV vaccine, the precursor to two recently published clinical trials, HVTN 077 and 083. On the basis of prior evaluation of multiclade rAd5 HIV vaccines, Envelope A (EnvA) was selected as the standard antigen for a series of prototype HIV vaccines to compare various vaccine platforms. In addition, prior studies of rAd5-vectored vaccines suggested pre-existing human immunity may be a confounding factor in vaccine efficacy. rAd35 is less seroprevalent across human populations and was chosen for testing alone and in combination with a rAd5-EnvA vaccine in the present two-part phase I study. METHODS First, five subjects each received a single injection of 109, 1010, or 1011 particle units (PU) of rAd35-EnvA in an open-label, dose-escalation study. Next, 20 Ad5/Ad35-seronegative subjects were randomized to blinded, heterologous prime-boost schedules combining rAd5-EnvA and rAd35-EnvA with a three month interval. rAd35-EnvA was given at 1010 or 1011 PU to ten subjects each; all rAd5-EnvA injections were 1010 PU. EnvA-specific immunogenicity was assessed four weeks post-injection. Solicited reactogenicity and clinical safety were followed after each injection. RESULTS Vaccinations were well tolerated at all dosages. Antibody responses measured by ELISA were detected at 4 weeks in 30% and 50% of subjects after single doses of 1010 or 1011 PU rAd35, respectively, and in 89% after a single rAd5-EnvA 1010 PU injection. EnvA-specific IFN-γ ELISpot responses were detected at four weeks in 0%, 70%, and 50% of subjects after the respective rAd35-EnvA dosages compared to 89% of subjects after rAd5. T cell responses were higher after a single rAd5-EnvA 1010 PU injection than after a single rAd35-EnvA 1010 PU injection, and humoral responses were low after a single dose of either vector. Of those completing the vaccine schedule, 100% of rAd5-EnvA recipients and 90% of rAd35-EnvA recipients had both T cell and humoral responses after boosting with the heterologous vector. ELISpot response magnitude was similar in both regimens and comparable to a single dose of rAd5. A trend toward more robust CD8 T cell responses using rAd5-EnvA prime and rAd35-EnvA boost was observed. Humoral response magnitude was also similar after either heterologous regimen, but was several fold higher than after a single dose of rAd5. Adverse events (AEs) related to study vaccines were in general mild and limited to one episode of hematuria, Grade two. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) AEs were consistent with an in vitro effect on the laboratory assay for aPTT due to a transient induction of anti-phospholipid antibody, a phenomenon that has been reported in other adenoviral vector vaccine trials. CONCLUSIONS Limitations of the rAd vaccine vectors, including the complex interactions among pre-existing adenoviral immunity and vaccine-induced immune responses, have prompted investigators to include less seroprevalent vectors such as rAd35-EnvA in prime-boost regimens. The rAd35-EnvA vaccine described here was well tolerated and immunogenic. While it effectively primed and boosted antibody responses when given in a reciprocal prime-boost regimen with rAd5-EnvA using a three-month interval, it did not significantly improve the frequency or magnitude of T cell responses above a single dose of rAd5. The humoral and cellular immunogenicity data reported here may inform future vaccine and study design. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00479999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Crank
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eleanor M. P. Wilson
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laura Novik
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Enama
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cynthia S. Hendel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wenjuan Gu
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, United States of America
| | - Martha C. Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Nabel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julie E. Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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10
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Hollingdale MR, Sedegah M, Limbach K. Development of replication-deficient adenovirus malaria vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:261-271. [PMID: 27606709 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1228454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria remains a major threat to endemic populations and travelers, including military personnel to these areas. A malaria vaccine is feasible, as radiation attenuated sporozoites induce nearly 100% efficacy. Areas covered: This review covers current malaria clinical trials using adenoviruses and pre-clinical research. Heterologous prime-boost regimens, including replication-deficient human adenovirus 5 (HuAd5) carrying malaria antigens, are efficacious. However, efficacy appears to be adversely affected by pre-existing anti-HuAd5 antibodies. Current strategies focus on replacing HuAd5 with rarer human adenoviruses or adenoviruses isolated from non-human primates (NHPs). The chimpanzee adenovirus ChAd63 is undergoing evaluation in clinical trials including infants in malaria-endemic areas. Key antigens have been identified and are being used alone, in combination, or with protein subunit vaccines. Gorilla adenoviruses carrying malaria antigens are also currently being evaluated in preclinical models. These replacement adenovirus vectors will be successfully used to develop vaccines against malaria, as well as other infectious diseases. Expert commentary: Simplified prime-boost single shot regimens, dry-coated live vector vaccines or silicon microneedle arrays could be developed for malaria or other vaccines. Replacement vectors with similar or superior immunogenicity have rapidly advanced, and several are now in extensive Phase 2 and beyond in malaria as well as other diseases, notably Ebola.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha Sedegah
- a Malaria Department , Naval Medical Research Center , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Keith Limbach
- a Malaria Department , Naval Medical Research Center , Silver Spring , MD , USA
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11
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Fonseca JA, Cabrera-Mora M, Kashentseva EA, Villegas JP, Fernandez A, Van Pelt A, Dmitriev IP, Curiel DT, Moreno A. A Plasmodium Promiscuous T Cell Epitope Delivered within the Ad5 Hexon Protein Enhances the Protective Efficacy of a Protein Based Malaria Vaccine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154819. [PMID: 27128437 PMCID: PMC4851317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A malaria vaccine is a public health priority. In order to produce an effective vaccine, a multistage approach targeting both the blood and the liver stage infection is desirable. The vaccine candidates also need to induce balanced immune responses including antibodies, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Protein-based subunit vaccines like RTS,S are able to induce strong antibody response but poor cellular reactivity. Adenoviral vectors have been effective inducing protective CD8+ T cell responses in several models including malaria; nonetheless this vaccine platform exhibits a limited induction of humoral immune responses. Two approaches have been used to improve the humoral immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus vectors, the use of heterologous prime-boost regimens with recombinant proteins or the genetic modification of the hypervariable regions (HVR) of the capsid protein hexon to express B cell epitopes of interest. In this study, we describe the development of capsid modified Ad5 vectors that express a promiscuous Plasmodium yoelii T helper epitope denominated PyT53 within the hexon HVR2 region. Several regimens were tested in mice to determine the relevance of the hexon modification in enhancing protective immune responses induced by the previously described protein-based multi-stage experimental vaccine PyCMP. A heterologous prime-boost immunization regime that combines a hexon modified vector with transgenic expression of PyCMP followed by protein immunizations resulted in the induction of robust antibody and cellular immune responses in comparison to a similar regimen that includes a vector with unmodified hexon. These differences in immunogenicity translated into a better protective efficacy against both the hepatic and red blood cell stages of P. yoelii. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a hexon modification is used to deliver a promiscuous T cell epitope. Our data support the use of such modification to enhance the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of adenoviral based malaria vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Andres Fonseca
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Monica Cabrera-Mora
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elena A. Kashentseva
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - John Paul Villegas
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alejandra Fernandez
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amelia Van Pelt
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Igor P. Dmitriev
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David T. Curiel
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alberto Moreno
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Baden LR, Karita E, Mutua G, Bekker LG, Gray G, Page-Shipp L, Walsh SR, Nyombayire J, Anzala O, Roux S, Laher F, Innes C, Seaman MS, Cohen YZ, Peter L, Frahm N, McElrath MJ, Hayes P, Swann E, Grunenberg N, Grazia-Pau M, Weijtens M, Sadoff J, Dally L, Lombardo A, Gilmour J, Cox J, Dolin R, Fast P, Barouch DH, Laufer DS. Assessment of the Safety and Immunogenicity of 2 Novel Vaccine Platforms for HIV-1 Prevention: A Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med 2016; 164:313-22. [PMID: 26833336 PMCID: PMC5034222 DOI: 10.7326/m15-0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine is a global health priority. OBJECTIVE To assess a novel vaccine platform as a prophylactic HIV-1 regimen. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Both participants and study personnel were blinded to treatment allocation. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01215149). SETTING United States, East Africa, and South Africa. PATIENTS Healthy adults without HIV infection. INTERVENTION 2 HIV-1 vaccines (adenovirus serotype 26 with an HIV-1 envelope A insert [Ad26.EnvA] and adenovirus serotype 35 with an HIV-1 envelope A insert [Ad35.Env], both administered at a dose of 5 × 1010 viral particles) in homologous and heterologous combinations. MEASUREMENTS Safety and immunogenicity and the effect of baseline vector immunity. RESULTS 217 participants received at least 1 vaccination, and 210 (>96%) completed follow-up. No vaccine-associated serious adverse events occurred. All regimens were generally well-tolerated. All regimens elicited humoral and cellular immune responses in nearly all participants. Preexisting Ad26- or Ad35-neutralizing antibody titers had no effect on vaccine safety and little effect on immunogenicity. In both homologous and heterologous regimens, the second vaccination significantly increased EnvA antibody titers (approximately 20-fold from the median enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers of 30-300 to 3000). The heterologous regimen of Ad26-Ad35 elicited significantly higher EnvA antibody titers than Ad35-Ad26. T-cell responses were modest and lower in East Africa than in South Africa and the United States. LIMITATIONS Because the 2 envelope inserts were not identical, the boosting responses were complex to interpret. Durability of the immune responses elicited beyond 1 year is unknown. CONCLUSION Both vaccines elicited significant immune responses in all populations. Baseline vector immunity did not significantly affect responses. Second vaccinations in all regimens significantly boosted EnvA antibody titers, although vaccine order in the heterologous regimen had a modest effect on the immune response. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, National Institutes of Health, Ragon Institute, Crucell Holland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R. Baden
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Etienne Karita
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gaudensia Mutua
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenda Gray
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liesl Page-Shipp
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Walsh
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julien Nyombayire
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Omu Anzala
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Surita Roux
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fatima Laher
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig Innes
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yehuda Z. Cohen
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Peter
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Frahm
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Hayes
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edith Swann
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Grunenberg
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Grazia-Pau
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mo Weijtens
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jerry Sadoff
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Len Dally
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Lombardo
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jill Gilmour
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine Cox
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raphael Dolin
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia Fast
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dagna S. Laufer
- From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative and University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; Janssen Pharmaceuticals Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (formerly Crucell Holland), Leiden, the Netherlands
- EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York; and Global BioSolutions, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
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Development of Novel Adenoviral Vectors to Overcome Challenges Observed With HAdV-5-based Constructs. Mol Ther 2015; 24:6-16. [PMID: 26478249 PMCID: PMC4754553 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant vectors based on human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-5) have been extensively studied in preclinical models and clinical trials over the past two decades. However, the thorough understanding of the HAdV-5 interaction with human subjects has uncovered major concerns about its product applicability. High vector-associated toxicity and widespread preexisting immunity have been shown to significantly impede the effectiveness of HAdV-5–mediated gene transfer. It is therefore that the in-depth knowledge attained working on HAdV-5 is currently being used to develop alternative vectors. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of data obtained in recent years disqualifying the HAdV-5 vector for systemic gene delivery as well as novel strategies being pursued to overcome the limitations observed with particular emphasis on the ongoing vectorization efforts to obtain vectors based on alternative serotypes.
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Recombinant low-seroprevalent adenoviral vectors Ad26 and Ad35 expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein induce protective immunity against RSV infection in cotton rats. Vaccine 2015; 33:5406-5414. [PMID: 26319741 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RSV is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children, the elderly and in those with underlying medical conditions. Although the high disease burden indicates an urgent need for a vaccine against RSV, no licensed RSV vaccine is currently available. We developed an RSV vaccine candidate based on the low-seroprevalent human adenovirus serotypes 26 and 35 (Ad26 and Ad35) encoding the RSV fusion (F) gene. Single immunization of mice with either one of these vectors induced high titers of RSV neutralizing antibodies and high levels of F specific interferon-gamma-producing T cells. A Th1-type immune response was indicated by a high IgG2a/IgG1 ratio of RSV-specific antibodies, strong induction of RSV-specific interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine producing CD8 Tcells, and low RSV-specific CD4 T-cell induction. Both humoral and cellular responses were increased upon a boost with RSV-F expressing heterologous adenovirus vector (Ad35 boost after Ad26 prime or vice versa). Both single immunization and prime-boost immunization of cotton rats induced high and long-lasting RSV neutralizing antibody titers and protective immunity against lung and nasal RSV A2 virus load up to at least 30 weeks after immunization. Cotton rats were also completely protected against challenge with a RSV B strain (B15/97) after heterologous prime-boost immunization. Lungs from vaccinated animals showed minimal damage or inflammatory infiltrates post-challenge, in contrast to animals vaccinated with formalin-inactivated virus. Our results suggest that recombinant human adenoviral Ad26 and Ad35 vectors encoding the RSV F gene have the potential to provide broad and durable protection against RSV in humans, and appear safe to be investigated in infants.
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Moreno A, Joyner C. Malaria vaccine clinical trials: what's on the horizon. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 35:98-106. [PMID: 26172291 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress toward a malaria vaccine, specifically for Plasmodium falciparum, has been made in the past few years with the completion of numerous clinical trials. Each trial has utilized a unique combination of antigens, delivery platforms, and adjuvants, which has provided the research community with a wealth of critical information to apply towards the development of next generation malaria vaccines. Despite the progress toward a P. falciparum vaccine, P. vivax vaccine research requires more momentum and additional investigations to identify novel vaccine candidates. In this review, recently completed and ongoing malaria vaccine clinical trials as well as vaccine candidates that are in the development pipeline are reviewed. Perspectives for future research using post-genomic mining, nonhuman primate models, and systems biology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Moreno
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 69 Jesse Hill, Jr. Drive, SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Chester Joyner
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Ockenhouse CF, Regules J, Tosh D, Cowden J, Kathcart A, Cummings J, Paolino K, Moon J, Komisar J, Kamau E, Oliver T, Chhoeu A, Murphy J, Lyke K, Laurens M, Birkett A, Lee C, Weltzin R, Wille-Reece U, Sedegah M, Hendriks J, Versteege I, Pau MG, Sadoff J, Vanloubbeeck Y, Lievens M, Heerwegh D, Moris P, Guerra Mendoza Y, Jongert E, Cohen J, Voss G, Ballou WR, Vekemans J. Ad35.CS.01-RTS,S/AS01 Heterologous Prime Boost Vaccine Efficacy against Sporozoite Challenge in Healthy Malaria-Naïve Adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131571. [PMID: 26148007 PMCID: PMC4492580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods In an observer blind, phase 2 trial, 55 adults were randomized to receive one dose of Ad35.CS.01 vaccine followed by two doses of RTS,S/AS01 (ARR-group) or three doses of RTS,S/AS01 (RRR-group) at months 0, 1, 2 followed by controlled human malaria infection. Results ARR and RRR vaccine regimens were well tolerated. Efficacy of ARR and RRR groups after controlled human malaria infection was 44% (95% confidence interval 21%-60%) and 52% (25%-70%), respectively. The RRR-group had greater anti-CS specific IgG titers than did the ARR-group. There were higher numbers of CS-specific CD4 T-cells expressing > 2 cytokine/activation markers and more ex vivo IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospots in the ARR-group than the RRR-group. Protected subjects had higher CS-specific IgG titers than non-protected subjects (geometric mean titer, 120.8 vs 51.8 EU/ml, respectively; P = .001). Conclusions An increase in vaccine efficacy of ARR-group over RRR-group was not achieved. Future strategies to improve upon RTS,S-induced protection may need to utilize alternative highly immunogenic prime-boost regimens and/or additional target antigens. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01366534
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F. Ockenhouse
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason Regules
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Donna Tosh
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Jessica Cowden
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - April Kathcart
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - James Cummings
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Kristopher Paolino
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - James Moon
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Jack Komisar
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Edwin Kamau
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Thomas Oliver
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Austin Chhoeu
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Jitta Murphy
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Kirsten Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Matthew Laurens
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Cynthia Lee
- PATH-MVI, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Rich Weltzin
- PATH-MVI, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | - Martha Sedegah
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
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A Phase I Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Adjuvanted HIV-1 Gag-Pol-Nef Fusion Protein and Adenovirus 35 Gag-RT-Int-Nef Vaccine in Healthy HIV-Uninfected African Adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125954. [PMID: 25961283 PMCID: PMC4427332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sequential prime-boost or co-administration of HIV vaccine candidates based on an adjuvanted clade B p24, RT, Nef, p17 fusion protein (F4/AS01) plus a non-replicating adenovirus 35 expressing clade A Gag, RT, Int and Nef (Ad35-GRIN) may lead to a unique immune profile, inducing both strong T-cell and antibody responses. Methods In a phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 146 healthy adult volunteers were randomized to one of four regimens: heterologous prime-boost with two doses of F4/AS01E or F4/AS01B followed by Ad35-GRIN; Ad35-GRIN followed by two doses of F4/AS01B; or three co-administrations of Ad35-GRIN and F4/AS01B. T cell and antibody responses were measured. Results The vaccines were generally well-tolerated, and did not cause serious adverse events. The response rate, by IFN-γ ELISPOT, was greater when Ad35-GRIN was the priming vaccine and in the co-administration groups. F4/AS01 induced CD4+ T-cells expressing primarily CD40L and IL2 +/- TNF-α, while Ad35-GRIN induced predominantly CD8+ T-cells expressing IFN-γ +/- IL2 or TNF-α. Viral inhibition was induced after Ad35-GRIN vaccination, regardless of the regimen. Strong F4-specific antibody responses were induced. Immune responses persisted at least a year after the last vaccination. The complementary response profiles, characteristic of each vaccine, were both expressed after co-administration. Conclusion Co-administration of an adjuvanted protein and an adenovirus vector showed an acceptable safety and reactogenicity profile and resulted in strong, multifunctional and complementary HIV-specific immune responses. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01264445
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Abstract
The development of a highly effective malaria vaccine remains a key goal to aid in the control and eventual eradication of this devastating parasitic disease. The field has made huge strides in recent years, with the first-generation vaccine RTS,S showing modest efficacy in a Phase III clinical trial. The updated 2030 Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap calls for a second generation vaccine to achieve 75% efficacy over two years for both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, and for a vaccine that can prevent malaria transmission. Whole-parasite immunisation approaches and combinations of pre-erythrocytic subunit vaccines are now reporting high-level efficacy, whilst exciting new approaches to the development of blood-stage and transmission-blocking vaccine subunit components are entering clinical development. The development of a highly effective multi-component multi-stage subunit vaccine now appears to be a realistic ambition. This review will cover these recent developments in malaria vaccinology.
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Abstract
The ultimate solution to the global HIV-1 epidemic will probably require the development of a safe and effective vaccine. Multiple vaccine platforms have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials, but given the disappointing results of clinical efficacy studies so far, novel vaccine approaches are needed. In this Opinion article, we discuss the scientific basis and clinical potential of novel adenovirus and cytomegalovirus vaccine vectors for HIV-1 as two contrasting but potentially complementary vector approaches. Both of these vector platforms have demonstrated partial protection against stringent simian immunodeficiency virus challenges in rhesus monkeys using different immunological mechanisms.
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Noe AR, Espinosa D, Li X, Coelho-dos-Reis JGA, Funakoshi R, Giardina S, Jin H, Retallack DM, Haverstock R, Allen JR, Vedvick TS, Fox CB, Reed SG, Ayala R, Roberts B, Winram SB, Sacci J, Tsuji M, Zavala F, Gutierrez GM. A full-length Plasmodium falciparum recombinant circumsporozoite protein expressed by Pseudomonas fluorescens platform as a malaria vaccine candidate. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107764. [PMID: 25247295 PMCID: PMC4172688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum is a major surface protein, which forms a dense coat on the sporozoite's surface. Preclinical research on CSP and clinical evaluation of a CSP fragment-based RTS, S/AS01 vaccine have demonstrated a modest degree of protection against P. falciparum, mediated in part by humoral immunity and in part by cell-mediated immunity. Given the partial protective efficacy of the RTS, S/AS01 vaccine in a recent Phase 3 trial, further improvement of CSP-based vaccines is crucial. In this report, we describe the preclinical development of a full-length, recombinant CSP (rCSP)-based vaccine candidate against P. falciparum malaria suitable for current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) production. Utilizing a novel high-throughput Pseudomonas fluorescens expression platform, we demonstrated greater efficacy of full-length rCSP as compared to N-terminally truncated versions, rapidly down-selected a promising lead vaccine candidate, and developed a high-yield purification process to express immunologically active, intact antigen for clinical trial material production. The rCSP, when formulated with various adjuvants, induced antigen-specific antibody responses as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA), as well as CD4+ T-cell responses as determined by ELISpot. The adjuvanted rCSP vaccine conferred protection in mice when challenged with transgenic P. berghei sporozoites containing the P. falciparum repeat region of CSP. Furthermore, heterologous prime/boost regimens with adjuvanted rCSP and an adenovirus type 35-vectored CSP (Ad35CS) showed modest improvements in eliciting CSP-specific T-cell responses and anti-malarial protection, depending on the order of vaccine delivery. Collectively, these data support the importance of further clinical development of adjuvanted rCSP, either as a stand-alone product or as one of the components in a heterologous prime/boost strategy, ultimately acting as an effective vaccine candidate for the mitigation of P. falciparum-induced malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Noe
- Leidos Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Diego Espinosa
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiangming Li
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jordana G. A. Coelho-dos-Reis
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ryota Funakoshi
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Steve Giardina
- Leidos Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongfan Jin
- Pfenex Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Ryan Haverstock
- Pfenex Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas S. Vedvick
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Fox
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ramses Ayala
- Leidos Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Roberts
- Leidos Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - John Sacci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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