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Cortés-Jofré M, Rueda-Etxebarria M, Orillard E, Jimenez Tejero E, Rueda JR. Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 3:CD013377. [PMID: 38470132 PMCID: PMC10929364 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013377.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New strategies in immunotherapy with specific antigens that trigger an anti-tumour immune response in people with lung cancer open the possibility of developing therapeutic vaccines aimed at boosting the adaptive immune response against cancer cells. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different types of therapeutic vaccines for people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Wanfang Data, and China Journal Net (CNKI) up to 22 August 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA We included parallel-group, randomised controlled trials evaluating a therapeutic cancer vaccine, alone or in combination with other treatments, in adults (> 18 years) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whatever the line of treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Our primary outcomes were overall survival, progression-free survival, and serious adverse events; secondary outcomes were three- and five-year survival rates and health-related quality of life. MAIN RESULTS We included 10 studies with 2177 participants. The outcome analyses included only 2045 participants (1401 men and 644 women). The certainty of the evidence varied by vaccine and outcome, and ranged from moderate to very low. We report only the results for primary outcomes here. TG4010 The addition of the vector-based vaccine, TG4010, to chemotherapy, compared with chemotherapy alone in first-line treatment, may result in little to no difference in overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65 to 1.05; 2 studies, 370 participants; low-certainty evidence). It may increase progression-free survival slightly (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.99; 1 study, 222 participants; low-certainty evidence). It may result in little to no difference in the proportion of participants with at least one serious treatment-related adverse event, but the evidence is very uncertain (risk ratio (RR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.23 to 2.19; 2 studies, 362 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Epidermal growth factor vaccine Epidermal growth factor vaccine, compared to best supportive care as switch maintenance treatment after first-line chemotherapy, may result in little to no difference in overall survival (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.02; 1 study, 378 participants; low-certainty evidence), and in the proportion of participants with at least one serious treatment-related adverse event (RR 1.32, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.98; 2 studies, 458 participants; low-certainty evidence). hTERT (vx-001) The hTERT (vx-001) vaccine compared to placebo as maintenance treatment after first-line chemotherapy may result in little to no difference in overall survival (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.34; 1 study, 190 participants). Racotumomab Racotumomab compared to placebo as a switch maintenance treatment post-chemotherapy was assessed in one study with 176 participants. It may increase overall survival (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.87). It may make little to no difference in progression-free survival (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.00) and in the proportion of people with at least one serious treatment-related adverse event (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.15 to 7.18). Racotumomab versus docetaxel as switch maintenance therapy post-chemotherapy was assessed in one study with 145 participants. The study did not report hazard rates on overall survival or progression-free survival time, but the difference in median survival times was very small - less than one month. Racotumomab may result in little to no difference in the proportion of people with at least one serious treatment-related adverse event compared with docetaxel (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.83). Personalised peptide vaccine Personalised peptide vaccine plus docetaxel compared to docetaxel plus placebo post-chemotherapy treatment may result in little to no difference in overall survival (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.52) and progression-free survival (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.42). OSE2101 The OSE2101 vaccine compared with chemotherapy, after chemotherapy or immunotherapy, was assessed in one study with 219 participants. It may result in little to no difference in overall survival (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.19). It may result in a small difference in the proportion of people with at least one serious treatment-related adverse event (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.99). SRL172 The SRL172 vaccine of killed Mycobacterium vaccae, added to chemotherapy, compared to chemotherapy alone, may result in no difference in overall survival, and may increase the proportion of people with at least one serious treatment-related adverse event (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.76 to 2.43; 351 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Adding a vaccine resulted in no differences in overall survival, except for racotumomab, which showed some improvement compared to placebo, but the difference in median survival time was very small (1.4 months) and the study only included 176 participants. Regarding progression-free survival, we observed no differences between the compared treatments, except for TG4010, which may increase progression-free survival slightly. There were no differences between the compared treatments in serious treatment-related adverse events, except for SRL172 (killed Mycobacterium vaccae) added to chemotherapy, which was associated with an increase in the proportion of participants with at least one serious treatment-related adverse event, and OSE2101, which may decrease slightly the proportion of people having at least one serious treatment-related adverse event. These conclusions should be interpreted cautiously, as the very low- to moderate-certainty evidence prevents drawing solid conclusions: many vaccines were evaluated in a single study with small numbers of participants and events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cortés-Jofré
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mikel Rueda-Etxebarria
- Research in Sciences of dissemination and implementation in health services, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Elena Jimenez Tejero
- Independent Cochrane review author, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - José-Ramón Rueda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing. University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
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Lahiri A, Maji A, Potdar PD, Singh N, Parikh P, Bisht B, Mukherjee A, Paul MK. Lung cancer immunotherapy: progress, pitfalls, and promises. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:40. [PMID: 36810079 PMCID: PMC9942077 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 170.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the primary cause of mortality in the United States and around the globe. Therapeutic options for lung cancer treatment include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Medical management is often associated with the development of treatment resistance leading to relapse. Immunotherapy is profoundly altering the approach to cancer treatment owing to its tolerable safety profile, sustained therapeutic response due to immunological memory generation, and effectiveness across a broad patient population. Different tumor-specific vaccination strategies are gaining ground in the treatment of lung cancer. Recent advances in adoptive cell therapy (CAR T, TCR, TIL), the associated clinical trials on lung cancer, and associated hurdles are discussed in this review. Recent trials on lung cancer patients (without a targetable oncogenic driver alteration) reveal significant and sustained responses when treated with programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Accumulating evidence indicates that a loss of effective anti-tumor immunity is associated with lung tumor evolution. Therapeutic cancer vaccines combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can achieve better therapeutic effects. To this end, the present article encompasses a detailed overview of the recent developments in the immunotherapeutic landscape in targeting small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, the review also explores the implication of nanomedicine in lung cancer immunotherapy as well as the combinatorial application of traditional therapy along with immunotherapy regimens. Finally, ongoing clinical trials, significant obstacles, and the future outlook of this treatment strategy are also highlighted to boost further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritraa Lahiri
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Avik Maji
- grid.416241.4Department of Radiation Oncology, N. R. S. Medical College & Hospital, 138 A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700014 India
| | - Pravin D. Potdar
- grid.414939.20000 0004 1766 8488Department of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, 400026 India
| | - Navneet Singh
- grid.415131.30000 0004 1767 2903Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Purvish Parikh
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302022 India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012 India
| | - Bharti Bisht
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Division of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Anubhab Mukherjee
- Esperer Onco Nutrition Pvt Ltd, 4BA, 4Th Floor, B Wing, Gundecha Onclave, Khairani Road, Sakinaka, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400072, India.
| | - Manash K. Paul
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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Cortés-Jofré M, Uranga R, Torres Pombert A, Arango Prado MDC, Caballero Aguirrechu I, Pacheco C, Ortiz Reyes RM, Chuecas F, Mas Bermejo PI. Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cortés-Jofré
- Universidad Católica de la Santísima; Concepción Chile
- Autonomous University of Barcelona; Doctoral Program in Research Methodology and Public Health; Barcelona Spain
| | - Rolando Uranga
- Centro Nacional Coordinador de Ensayos Clínicos (CENCEC); Manejo y Procesamiento de Datos; Ave 5ta A e/60 y 62 Miramar, Playa La Habana Cuba 11300
| | - Ania Torres Pombert
- Centro Nacional Coordinador de Ensayos Clínicos (CENCEC); Head of Scientific Information Management Unit; 5th avenue E 60th Street, 2nd Floor. Miramar Havana Cuba 11300
| | - Maria del Carmen Arango Prado
- Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología (INOR); Departamento de Investigaciones Básicas; 29 and F, Vedado La Habana La Habana Cuba 10400
| | - Iraida Caballero Aguirrechu
- MINSAP - Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital (HHA); Clinical Oncology; San Lazaro 701 Centro Habana La Habana Cuba 10400
| | - Cecilia Pacheco
- Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo; Centro de Información Médica; Av. Manquehue 1499 - Vitacura Santiago Región metropolitana Chile 6750567
| | - Rosa Maria Ortiz Reyes
- Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología (INOR); Departmento de Investigaciones Clinicas; 29 y F . Vedado La Habana La Habana Cuba 10400
| | - Fernando Chuecas
- Catholic University; Faculty of Medicine; Alonso de Ribera 2850 Concepción Chile 4090541
| | - Pedro Inocente Mas Bermejo
- Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kouri"; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; Autopista del Mediodia km 6 La Lisa Cuba Marianao 13
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Zhou YT, Qiu JJ, Wang Y, Liu PC, Lv Q, Du ZG. Sperm Protein Antigen 17 Expression Correlates With Lymph Node Metastasis and Worse Overall Survival in Patients With Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:710. [PMID: 31417875 PMCID: PMC6685407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The expression and role of sperm protein antigen 17 (SPA17), which has been confirmed to be immunogenic, in breast cancer remain unclear. We examined the expression of SPA17 in breast cancer and assessed its effect on patient prognosis and its function in breast cancer development. Methods: SPA17 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Q-RT-PCR in 120 breast tissue samples. Correlation of SPA17 expression with the patients' clinicopathological parameters and overall survival was assessed. The function of SPA17 was also explored. Results: By reviewing Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, we found that SPA17 expression in ductal breast carcinoma in situ (log2[fold change] = 1.14, p-value = 0.004) and invasive ductal breast cancer (log2[fold change] = 1.03, p-value = 0.016) tissues was 2.20 and 2.05 times higher, respectively, than that in normal breast tissues. Our result also showed that 27% (27/100) of breast cancer samples expressed SPA17 but none of the normal breast (0/20) samples did. Lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001) and molecular subtyping (p = 0.002) were independent factors associated with SPA17 expression. Most importantly, SPA17 expression resulted in poor prognosis. In addition, cell function assay validated that SPA17 increased the migration (p < 0.001) and invasion (p = 0.007) of breast cancer cells, but not affected the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the vital role of SPA17 in the development and metastasis of breast cancer and that SPA17 may be a new therapeutic target in improving breast cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhou
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan-Juan Qiu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Qing Lv
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng-Gui Du
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Rong L, Liu Y, Hui Z, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Wang B, Yuan Y, Li W, Guo L, Ying J, Song Y, Wang L, Zhou Z, Xue L, Lu N. PD-L1 expression and its clinicopathological correlation in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:6. [PMID: 30684971 PMCID: PMC6347821 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a ligand for the inhibitory programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), which are targeted by several anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 drugs for a variety of human cancers. However, only a few studies have evaluated PD-L1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with a large Chinese cohort. Our present study is to evaluate the association of PD-L1 expression with clinicopathological features on ESCC. Methods Using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was studied in 378 advanced ESCC patients without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Its correlation with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results PD-L1 was expressed on 29.9% (113/378) ESCC tumor cells and 40.2% (152/378) tumor-infiltrating immune cells. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was significantly correlated with age, degree of differentiation, T stage, N stage and metachronous hematogenous metastasis, and PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells was significantly associated with N stage (P < 0.05). Patients with PD-L1 expression in tumor cells had poor disease-free survival (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.436, P = 0.009). There was a positive association between tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells for PD-L1 expression (r = 0.16, P = 0.002). However, PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells was not significantly correlated with disease-free survival and overall survival. Conclusions PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and tumor infiltrating immune cells is not only an indicator for immunotherapy, but also significantly related with age, differentiation, stage, metastasis and disease free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Rong
- Department of Pathology and Resident Training Base, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhouguang Hui
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bingzhi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Resident Training Base, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanling Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Resident Training Base, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Pathology and Resident Training Base, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pathology and Resident Training Base, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology and Resident Training Base, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Luhua Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhongren Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology and Resident Training Base, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China. .,Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Pathology and Resident Training Base, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Oliveres H, Caglevic C, Passiglia F, Taverna S, Smits E, Rolfo C. Vaccine and immune cell therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S1602-S1614. [PMID: 29951309 PMCID: PMC5994506 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite new advances in therapeutics, lung cancer remains the first cause of mortality among different types of malignancies. To improve survival, different strategies have been developed such as chemotherapy combinations, targeted therapies and more recently immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is based on the capability of the immune system to differentiate cancer cells from normal cells to fight against the tumor. The two main checkpoint inhibitors that have been widely studied in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. However, interactions between tumor and immune system are much more complex with several different elements that take part and probably many new interactions to be discovered and studied for a better comprehension of those pathways. Vaccines are part of the prophylaxis and of the treatment for different infectious diseases. For that reason, they have allowed us to improve global survival worldwide. This same idea can be used for cancer treatment. First reports in clinical trials that used therapeutic vaccines in NSCLC were discouraging, but currently vaccines have a new chance in cancer therapy with the identification of new targetable antigens, adjuvant treatments and most interestingly, the combination of vaccines with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 drugs. The aim of this article is to describe the scientific evidence that has been reported for the different types of vaccines and their mechanisms of action in the fight against NSCLC tumors to improve disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Oliveres
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Parc Taulí Hospital, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Passiglia
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology Palermo, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Taverna
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Christian Rolfo
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Seabloom DE, Galbraith AR, Haynes AM, Fujita AS, Antonides JD, Wuertz BR, Steele VE, Ondrey FG, Wattenberg LW. Effects of talactoferrin alpha on lung adenoma prevention in A/J mice June 2, 2016. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:875-880. [PMID: 29636877 PMCID: PMC5883128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Talactoferrin alpha is a promising non-toxic solid tumor cancer agent that met with success in the treatment of early-stage lung cancer clinically in humans. It is well-tolerated, anddendritic cell-stimulation is a target. We tested the efficacy of this agent in a chemoprevention setting in A/J mice. All groups received benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) by oral gavage in three doses of 3 mg/kg body weight over the course of one week. Animals were then randomized into 5 groups of 24 mice per group based on weight. Experimental diets oftalactoferrin alpha (Agennix Inc., Indianapolis, IN), at 1.40% and 0.42% of the diet, were started one week or eight weeks after the last dose of B[a]P. Animals were continued on the feeding schedule, weighed weekly, and monitored for toxicity. The study was concluded 16 weeks after administration of B[a]P. The agent was well-tolerated for the duration of the experiment and there was no observable toxicity or weight change. The average number of adenomas per animal was 14.04 ± 0.93 (N=24) in the control group, 18.14 ± 1.45 (N=22) in the early low-dose group, 16.70 ± 1.30 (N=23) in the late low-dose group, 15.09 ± 1.41 (N=23) in the early high-dose group and 14.46 ± 1.21 (N=24) in the late high-dose group. We conclude talactoferrinalpha is well-tolerated. However, it did not inhibit carcinogenesis at a dose of 1.4% or 0.42% of the diet, which equates to human doses of 1.12 g/kg/day or 0.336 g/kg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna E Seabloom
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of MinnesotaMMC396, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, America
| | - Art R Galbraith
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of MinnesotaMMC396, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, America
| | - Anna M Haynes
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of MinnesotaMMC396, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, America
| | - Alisha S Fujita
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of MinnesotaMMC396, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, America
| | - Jenny D Antonides
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of MinnesotaMMC396, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, America
| | - Beverly R Wuertz
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of MinnesotaMMC396, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, America
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of MinnesotaMMC396, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, America
| | - Vernon E Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 5E454, Rockville, MD 20850, America
| | - Frank G Ondrey
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of MinnesotaMMC396, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, America
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of MinnesotaMMC396, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, America
| | - Lee W Wattenberg
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of MinnesotaMMC396, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, America
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Jiang T, Ren S, Li X, Su C, Zhou C, O'Brien M. The changing diagnostic pathway for lung cancer patients in Shanghai, China. Eur J Cancer 2017; 84:168-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Dong ZY, Zhang JT, Liu SY, Su J, Zhang C, Xie Z, Zhou Q, Tu HY, Xu CR, Yan LX, Li YF, Zhong WZ, Wu YL. EGFR mutation correlates with uninflamed phenotype and weak immunogenicity, causing impaired response to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1356145. [PMID: 29147605 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1356145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with EGFR mutations showed unfavorable response to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Yet the underlying association between EGFR mutation and immune resistance remains largely unclear. We performed an integrated analysis of PD-ligand 1(PD-L1)/CD8 expression and mutation profile based on the repository database and resected early-stage NSCLC in Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute (GLCI). Meanwhile, 2 pool-analyses were set to clarify the correlation between EGFR mutation and PD-L1 expression, and the association of EGFR status with response to anti-PD-1/L1 therapy. Pool-analysis of 15 public studies suggested that patients with EGFR mutations had decreased PD-L1 expression (odds ratio: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.10-2.93; P = 0.02). Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the GCLI cohort confirmed the inverse correlation between EGFR mutation and PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, patients with EGFR mutation showed a lack of T-cell infiltration and shrinking proportion of PD-L1+/CD8+ TIL (P = 0.034). Importantly, patients with EGFR mutations, especially the sensitive subtype, showed a significantly decreased mutation burden, based on analysis of the discovery and validation sets. Finally, a pool-analysis of 4 randomized control trials confirmed that patients with EGFR mutation did not benefit from PD-1/L1 inhibitors (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09, P = 0.51) while patients with EGFR wild-type did (HR = 0.73, P < 0.00001). This study provided evidence of a correlation between EGFR mutations and an uninflamed tumor microenvironment with immunological tolerance and weak immunogenicity, which caused an inferior response to PD-1 blockade in NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yi Dong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Tao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yang Liu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Su
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Tu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong-Rui Xu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xu Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Fa Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Jin D, Yu X, Chen B, Li Z, Ding J, Zhao X, Qi G. Combined immunotherapy of breast cancer with EGF and VEGF vaccines from DNA shuffling in a mouse model. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:537-553. [PMID: 28509606 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Development of EGF and VEGF vaccines with high antigenicity for combined immunotherapy of EGF-EGFR signaling-dependent epithelial tumors such as breast cancer. METHOD EGF genes from mouse, human and chicken were randomly assembled to chimeric genes by DNA shuffling, then a chimeric EGF was selected out by PCR, SDS-PAGE and immunization for combined immunotherapy of breast cancer with a previously constructed chimeric VEGF vaccine from shuffling. RESULTS Combined vaccination with chimeric EGF and VEGF from shuffling could induce high titer of antibodies against EGF and VEGF to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis, and improve the survival rate of mice with breast cancer. CONCLUSION Combined vaccination with EGF and VEGF from shuffling showed better immunotherapy on EGF-EGFR signaling-dependent epithelial tumors such as breast cancer than the single-agent EGF vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jin
- College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jia Ding
- College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Biomedical Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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11
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Leng C, Li Y, Qin J, Ma J, Liu X, Cui Y, Sun H, Wang Z, Hua X, Yu Y, Li H, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Wang W, Zhu J, Wang Q. Relationship between expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the antitumor effects of CD8⁺ T cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:699-708. [PMID: 26718132 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligands (PD-Ls) signal pathway has been implicated as a potential immune escape mechanism in several human cancers. However, the studies of PD‑1/PD‑Ls pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ECSS) are not yet sufficient. The current study investigated the expression of PD‑L1, PD‑L2 and PD‑1 in ESCC tissues. The correlations between the expression of these proteins and clinical histopathological parameters were analyzed. Then the stable transfected Ec109 cell lines overexpressing PD‑L1/PD‑L2 were established by plasmid transfection successfully. Ec109 and CD8+ T cells were co‑cultured to analyze the effects of PD‑1/PD‑Ls signal pathway on the function of CD8+ T cells including proliferation, apoptosis and interferon‑γ production. We found that PD‑L1-positive patients had significantly poorer prognosis than the negative patients, while their prognosis was not related to PD‑L2 expression. The count of PD‑1+ TILs (tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes) was negatively correlated with both PD‑L1 and PD‑L2 expression. In functional studies, we found that PD‑1/PD‑Ls signal pathway was able to downregulate the function of CD8+ T lymphocyte and its function could be restored by blocking the signal pathway. This indicates that PD‑1/PD‑Ls may prevent effective antitumor immunity, which provides important evidence to delineate the cellular immune deficiency mechanism in ESCC. Therefore, PD-1/PD-Ls are predicted to become novel targets for ESCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsen Leng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Xianben Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Zongfei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Xionghuai Hua
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yongkui Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Haomiao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Qiuming Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
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12
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Domingues D, Turner A, Silva MD, Marques DS, Mellidez JC, Wannesson L, Mountzios G, de Mello RA. Immunotherapy and lung cancer: current developments and novel targeted therapies. Immunotherapy 2015; 6:1221-35. [PMID: 25496336 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly prevalent and aggressive disease. In the metastatic setting, major advances include the incorporation of immunotherapy and targeted therapies into the clinician's therapeutic armamentarium. Standard chemotherapeutic regimens have long been reported to interfere with the immune response to the tumor; conversely, antitumor immunity may add to the effects of those therapies. The aim of immunotherapy is to specifically enhance the immune response directed to the tumor. Recently, many trials addressed the role of such therapies for metastatic NSCLC treatment: ipilimumab, tremelimumab, nivolumab and lambrolizumab are immunotherapeutic agents of main interest in this field. In addition, anti-tumor vaccines, such as MAGE-A3, Tecetomide, TG4010, CIMAvax, ganglioside vaccines, tumor cell vaccines and dendritic cell vaccines, emerged as potent inducers of immune response against the tumor. The current work aims to address the most recent developments regarding these innovative immunotherapies and their implementation in the treatment of metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Domingues
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Role of rebiopsy in relapsed non-small cell lung cancer for directing oncology treatments. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2015; 2015:809835. [PMID: 25699082 PMCID: PMC4325200 DOI: 10.1155/2015/809835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background. Currently, few rebiopsies are performed in relapses of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. They are not customary in clinical practice of lung cancer. However, it is not possible to properly target treatments in cases of relapse without knowing the nature of new lesions. Design. This paper comprehensively summarizes the available literature about rebiopsy and broadly discusses the importance of rebiopsy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Results. Altogether 560 abstracts were used as material for further analysis. 19 articles were about clinical rebiopsy in lung cancer and were reviewed in detailed manner. Conclusions. This review shows that rebiopsy is feasible in non-small cell lung cancer, and success rates can be high if rebiopsy is accompanied by adequate evaluation before biopsy. Its use may resolve the difficulties in sampling bias and detecting changes in cancer characteristics. In cases where treatment was selected based on tissue characteristics that then change, the treatment selection process must be repeated while considering new characteristics of the tumor. Rebiopsy may be used to predict therapeutic resistance and consequently redirect targeted therapies. Such knowledge may resolve the difficulties in sampling bias and also in selecting preexisting clones or formulating drug-resistant ones. Rebiopsy should be performed more often in non-small cell lung cancer.
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