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Satake M, Sugiyama M, Mizokami M, Tanaka J. Incidences of new hepatitis B infection and anti-hepatitis B core-negative occult hepatitis B infection among Japanese blood donors in relation to anti-hepatitis B surface antigen levels. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29823. [PMID: 39039862 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
A transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused by blood only positive for anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was reported. Occult HBV infection (OBI) with sole anti-HBs among blood donors is an issue. The incidence of HBV infection among repeat blood donors was investigated with a detailed HBV infection phase, focusing on the influence of anti-HBs level. This study followed 3 435 653 donors for HBV DNA conversion over 4 years and 9 months. Infection phase was determined based on marker changes over DNA conversion. This study identified 115 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) conversions, 72 DNA-only conversions, and 15 DNA plus anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) conversions among donors all negative for HBV DNA, HBsAg, and anti-HBc. Total incidence was 2.38/100 000 person-years (PY). None of these 202 new HBV infections arose in the group with anti-HBs titer ≥ 10 mIU/mL. In total, 30 anti-HBc-negative OBIs were identified (incidence; 0.35/100 000 PY); 7 showed typical secondary anti-HBs response, and 23 showed stable anti-HBc and anti-HBs levels at DNA conversion. The HBV infection-protective ability of anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL was reinforced. In addition to new infections, the blood donor population includes anti-HBc-positive- and negative OBI with immune reactions or abortive HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Satake
- Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Department of Viral Pathogenesis and Controls, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Bhattacharya S, Gökdemir Ö, Bashar MA, Thiyagarajan A, Singh A. Is it the Right Time to Introduce the Hepatitis B Booster Vaccine in National Immunization Schedule? An Analysis from the Available Evidence. Indian J Community Med 2021; 46:4-6. [PMID: 34035566 PMCID: PMC8117886 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_439_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health concern, and it is considered one of the deadliest infections in the world, having nearly 1.2 million deaths annually. Around 75% of all global HBV carriers live in the Asia-Pacific region. In this regard, India has a prevalence ranging between 2% and 7% with exposure rates of 10%–60%. Hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease. In India, the World Health Organization protocol for hepatitis B vaccination has been followed, and it is given free of cost in public health facilities under the National Immunization Schedule. Despite the free hepatitis vaccination program in India, coverage and awareness are low. Low awareness, followed by low coverage of hepatitis vaccination, can prove dangerous for the Indian population in the long run. A majority of chronic hepatitis cases progress silently to end-stage liver disease without having many signs and symptoms. Once occurred, a complete cure is not possible with currently available drugs. The studies from neighboring countries such as China and Taiwan documented that the impact of single-dose booster for children of 10 years has made a significant difference from the cost-effectiveness perspective. They have also included the booster dose in their national vaccination program. Considering the low level of vaccination awareness, small coverage, high disease burden, and high treatment cost, now, it is high time for India to introduce hepatitis B booster vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Bhattacharya
- Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Özden Gökdemir
- Izmir University of Economics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Md Abu Bashar
- Department of Community Medicine, MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, MM Deemed University, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | | | - Amarjeet Singh
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Batista KZS, Azambuja LPD, Souza SD, Souza MCD, Cordova CMMD, Silva Filho HHD. Anti-Hepatitis B Antibody Levels In Immunized Medical Students: Are They At Risk? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180132. [PMID: 31141041 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0132-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical students have an occupational risk for hepatitis B (HB). This study sought to determine anti-HBs and anti-HBc IgG levels in vaccinated students, check their seroconversion, and correlate this with vaccination. METHODS One hundred and forty-three students' blood samples and their vaccination schedules were analyzed. RESULTS 65.7% were positive for anti-HBs; however, anti-HBs was absent in 34.3%. Only two samples were positive for anti-HBc IgG. CONCLUSIONS More than 30% of students did not have minimum protective levels. Comparing HBV vaccination and anti-HBs reactivity, the majority of reactive individuals received their last dose within the past 16 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Pecker de Azambuja
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brasil
| | - Suzane de Souza
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brasil
| | - Maely Cordeiro de Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brasil
| | - Caio Maurício Mendes de Cordova
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brasil
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Yanny B, Konyn P, Najarian LM, Mitry A, Saab S. Management Approaches to Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination Nonresponse. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2019; 15:93-99. [PMID: 31011303 PMCID: PMC6469266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite the availability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, HBV remains a cause of significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Immunologic response and the development of immunity to the HBV vaccine vary significantly among patients. Multiple studies have looked at patients who are at risk of nonresponse and have offered their own approaches to patients who do not respond. This article reviews the best approaches to HBV vaccine nonresponse. Methods: We searched the PubMed database for all articles on HBV vaccination response from 1981 to January 2018. Recommended and tested approaches to nonresponse were identified. Results: A total of 71 adequate-quality studies with 2354 patients were identified. Repeat vaccination with the same dose increased immunologic seroconversion in 85.7% of patients who previously reported nonresponse and in over 80% of patients with end-stage renal disease, HIV infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, advanced age, hypoalbuminemia, liver cirrhosis, and hemodialysis (HD) dependence. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and diabetes had a milder response (67.5%). Increasing the vaccination dose to 40 µg improved seroconversion in HIV-infected, HCV-infected, and HD patients of initial nonresponse. The use of a subcutaneous injection route increased response by 12% in patients infected with HIV. Conclusion: Patients not responding to an initial vaccine series and not actively infected with HBV benefited from reimmunization by repeating the vaccine series or receiving a single-dose vaccine booster. Although the overall response rate was approximately 90% of previous nonresponders, the rate varied among the populations studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beshoy Yanny
- Dr Yanny is a health science clinical instructor of medicine and Mr Konyn is a medical student in the Department of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles in Los Angeles, California. Ms Najarian is a premedical student in the Department of Surgery at the University of California at Los Angeles. Ms Mitry is a graduate student at Claremont Graduate University in Riverside, California
- Dr Saab is a professor in the Departments of Surgery and Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Peter Konyn
- Dr Yanny is a health science clinical instructor of medicine and Mr Konyn is a medical student in the Department of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles in Los Angeles, California. Ms Najarian is a premedical student in the Department of Surgery at the University of California at Los Angeles. Ms Mitry is a graduate student at Claremont Graduate University in Riverside, California
- Dr Saab is a professor in the Departments of Surgery and Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Lisa M Najarian
- Dr Yanny is a health science clinical instructor of medicine and Mr Konyn is a medical student in the Department of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles in Los Angeles, California. Ms Najarian is a premedical student in the Department of Surgery at the University of California at Los Angeles. Ms Mitry is a graduate student at Claremont Graduate University in Riverside, California
- Dr Saab is a professor in the Departments of Surgery and Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Amanda Mitry
- Dr Yanny is a health science clinical instructor of medicine and Mr Konyn is a medical student in the Department of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles in Los Angeles, California. Ms Najarian is a premedical student in the Department of Surgery at the University of California at Los Angeles. Ms Mitry is a graduate student at Claremont Graduate University in Riverside, California
- Dr Saab is a professor in the Departments of Surgery and Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Sammy Saab
- Dr Yanny is a health science clinical instructor of medicine and Mr Konyn is a medical student in the Department of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles in Los Angeles, California. Ms Najarian is a premedical student in the Department of Surgery at the University of California at Los Angeles. Ms Mitry is a graduate student at Claremont Graduate University in Riverside, California
- Dr Saab is a professor in the Departments of Surgery and Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles
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Wu Z, Yao J, Bao H, Chen Y, Lu S, Li J, Yang L, Jiang Z, Ren J, Xu KJ, Ruan B, Yang SG, Xie TS, Li Q. The effects of booster vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine on children 5-15 years after primary immunization: A 5-year follow-up study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1251-1256. [PMID: 29337651 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1426419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in hepatitis B surface antibody titers (anti-HBs) after booster vaccinations in children aged 5-15 y and to provide suitable immunization strategies. A total of 2208 children were initially enrolled in screening, and 559 children were finally included. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to their pre-booster anti-HBs levels: Group I, <10 mIU/ml and Group II, ≥10 mIU/ml. Group I was administered 3 doses of booster hepatitis B vaccine (0-1-6 months, 10 μg), and Group II was administered 1 dose of booster hepatitis B vaccine (10 μg). The antibody titer changes were examined at 4 time points: 1 month after dose 1 and dose 3, and 1 year and 5 years after dose 3. The protective seroconversion rates at those points were 95.65%, 99.67%, 97.59% and 91.05% (p < 0.001), respectively, in Group I, and 100.00%, 99.87%, 99.66% and 98.21% (χ2 = 6.04, p = 0.11), respectively, in Group II. The GMT in subjects aged 5-9 y were higher than that in subjects aged 10-15 y in both Group I and Group II at 1 month after dose 1, but no difference was observed at the other three time points. This study demonstrates that booster vaccination has a good medium-term effect. A booster dose for subjects with protective antibodies is not necessary but effective, and 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccination are recommended for those who have lost immunological memory. Receiving booster immunization at the age of 10-15 years may be more appropriate for individuals living in HBV high epidemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Wu
- a School of Medicine , Ningbo University , Ningbo , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jun Yao
- b The National Science and Technology Project , Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Hongdan Bao
- a School of Medicine , Ningbo University , Ningbo , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yongdi Chen
- b The National Science and Technology Project , Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Shunshun Lu
- c Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jing Li
- d Zhejiang Provincial Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Linna Yang
- d Zhejiang Provincial Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Zhenggang Jiang
- b The National Science and Technology Project , Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- e State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital , School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Kai-Jin Xu
- e State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital , School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Bing Ruan
- e State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital , School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Shi-Gui Yang
- e State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital , School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Tian-Sheng Xie
- e State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital , School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Qian Li
- b The National Science and Technology Project , Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
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He F, Ma YJ, Zhou TY, Duan JC, Wang JF, Ji YL, Li H, Zhang JY, Tang H. The Serum Anti-HBs Level Among Children Who Received Routine Hepatitis B Vaccination During Infancy in Mianyang City, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Viral Immunol 2015; 29:40-8. [PMID: 26565951 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence has declined remarkably in children due to nationwide universal vaccination program for HBV in China. However, the persistence of immune response against HBV infection and the optimal time point when a booster vaccination should be performed remain to be elucidated. To assess the persistence and level of antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in a representative population of age 15 and younger who received routine hepatitis B vaccination in Mianyang City, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011. One thousand five hundred twenty-six children of age 15 and younger who received three doses of 5 μg hepatitis B vaccine series during infancy but did not receive a booster vaccination later were enrolled. Of the 1,526 children, the mean age was 8.2 ± 4.1 and 739 children were male. The median anti-HBs level was 23.0 mIU/mL, and the total percentage of anti-HBs levels ≥10 mIU/mL was 60.9%. With an increase of age, median anti-HBs level, percentage of anti-HBs levels ≥10 mIU/mL, and percentage of anti-HBs levels ≥100 mIU/mL declined remarkably in the early period and reached the lowest level at the age of 3 and then remained relatively stable. The median anti-HBs level, the percentage of anti-HBs levels ≥10 mIU/mL, and the percentage of anti-HBs levels ≥100 mIU/mL in 1- and 2-year-old children were much higher than that in children aged 3-15 (p < 0.05, respectively). Immunity against HBV infection gradually decreased in early ages of children of 15 and younger who received three doses of 5 μg hepatitis B vaccine series during infancy in China. Three dosages of 10 μg hepatitis B vaccine for infants and repeated vaccination or additional booster vaccination for some children at or before age 3 should be provided to get much more powerful immunity to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- 1 Infectious Diseases Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,2 Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-ji Ma
- 1 Infectious Diseases Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,2 Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Tao-you Zhou
- 1 Infectious Diseases Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,2 Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-chao Duan
- 3 Department for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Mianyang Center of Diseases Control and Prevention , Mianyang, China
| | - Jun-feng Wang
- 4 Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Medicines, College of Computer Science, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-lin Ji
- 5 Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- 6 Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Ju-ying Zhang
- 7 Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Heath, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- 1 Infectious Diseases Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,2 Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
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Kang G, Ma F, Chen H, Yang Y, Guo S, Wang Z, Liang X, Li L, Cui F, Zhang L. Efficacy of antigen dosage on the hepatitis B vaccine response in infants born to hepatitis B-uninfected and hepatitis B-infected mothers. Vaccine 2015; 33:4093-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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