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Peng J, Wu J, Shi N, Xu H, Luo L, Wang J, Li X, Xiao H, Feng J, Li X, Chai L, Qiao C. A Novel Humanized Anti-Abrin A Chain Antibody Inhibits Abrin Toxicity In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831536. [PMID: 35185923 PMCID: PMC8855095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrin, a type-II ribosome inactivating protein from the seed of Abrus precatorius, is classified as a Category B bioterrorism warfare agent. Due to its high toxicity, ingestion by animals or humans will lead to death from multiple organ failure. Currently, no effective agents have been reported to treat abrin poisoning. In this study, a novel anti-abrin neutralizing antibody (S008) was humanized using computer-aided design, which possessed lower immunogenicity. Similar to the parent antibody, a mouse anti-abrin monoclonal antibody, S008 possessed high affinity and showed a protective effect against abrin both in vitro and in vivo, and protected mice that S008 was administered 6 hours after abrin. S008 was found that it did not inhibit entry of abrin into cells, suggesting an intracellular blockade capacity against the toxin. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that S008 is a high affinity anti-abrin antibody with both a neutralizing and protective effect and may be an excellent candidate for clinical treatment of abrin poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Peng
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaguo Wu
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Ning Shi
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longlong Luo
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Xiao
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lihui Chai
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Lihui Chai, ; Chunxia Qiao,
| | - Chunxia Qiao
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Lihui Chai, ; Chunxia Qiao,
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Rinner GR, Watkins SA, Shirazi FM, Fernández MC, Hess G, Mihalic J, Runcorn S, Waddell V, Ritter J, Reagan-Steiner S, Thomas J, Yip L, Walter FG. Fatal abrin poisoning by injection. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2020; 59:169-171. [PMID: 32475191 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2020.1771360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abrin is a toxin of public health concern due to its lethality, lack of antidote, and potential for use as a bioterrorism agent. Possible routes of exposure include ingestion, inhalation, and injection. Onset of symptoms is often delayed, even in severe cases. In fatal cases, death occurs from multi-organ failure. We describe the clinical course, laboratory, and pathologic findings in a case of fatal human poisoning associated with abrin injection. The Abrus precatorius seeds in this case were obtained via the internet. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Laboratory Response Network detected abrine in the urine confirming abrin exposure in this fatal poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger R Rinner
- Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, University of Arizona Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah A Watkins
- Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, University of Arizona Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Farshad Mazda Shirazi
- Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, University of Arizona Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Miguel C Fernández
- Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, University of Arizona Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Greg Hess
- Pima County Medical Examiner, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jason Mihalic
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Bureau of State Laboratory Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Susan Runcorn
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Bureau of State Laboratory Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Victor Waddell
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Bureau of State Laboratory Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jana Ritter
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Reagan-Steiner
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jerry Thomas
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luke Yip
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frank G Walter
- Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, University of Arizona Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
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Integrative transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data analysis exploring the injury mechanism of ricin on human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:160-172. [PMID: 31103672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ricin (RT) is a plant toxin belonging to the family of type II ribosome-inactivating protein with high bioterrorism potential. Aerosol RT exposure is the most lethal route, but its mechanism of injury needs further investigation. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics analysis on the potential mechanism of injury caused by RT on human lung epithelial cells. In total, 5872 genes, 187 proteins, and 143 metabolites were shown to be significantly changed in human lung epithelial cells after RT treatment. Molecular function, pathway, and network analyses, the genes and proteins regulated in RT-treated cells were mainly attributed to fatty acid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of transcripts, proteins, and metabolites was performed. The results revealed the correlated genes, proteins, and metabolic pathways regulated in metabolic pathways, amino acid metabolism, transcription and energy metabolism. These genes, proteins, and metabolites involved in these dis-regulated pathways may provide a more targeted and credible direction to study the mechanism of RT injury on human lung epithelial cells. This study provides large-scale omics data that can be used to develop a new strategy for the prevention, rapid diagnosis, and treatment of RT poisoning, especially of RT aerosol.
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Integration of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics data to reveal the biological mechanisms of abrin injury in human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:1-10. [PMID: 31054353 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abrin toxin (AT) is a potent plant toxin that belongs to the type Ⅱ ribosome inactivating protein family and is recognized as an important toxin agent for potential bioweapons. Exposure to AT by way of aerosol is the most lethal route, but the mechanism of injury requires further investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics on the potential mechanism of abrin injury in human lung epithelial cells. RESULTS In total, 6838 genes, 314 proteins and 178 metabolites showed significant changes in human lung epithelial cells after AT treatment. Using molecular function, pathway, and network analysis, the genes and proteins regulated in AT-treated cells were mainly attributed to amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and genetic information processing. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the transcripts, proteins, and metabolites was performed. The results revealed that the correlated genes, proteins, and metabolism pathways regulated in AT-treated human lung epithelial cells were involved in tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and protein digestion and absorption. CONCLUSION This study provides large-scale omics data to develop new strategies for the prevention, rapid diagnosis, and treatment of AT poisoning, especially AT from aerosol.
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Ji B, Kenaan A, Gao S, Cheng J, Cui D, Yang H, Wang J, Song J. Label-free detection of biotoxins via a photo-induced force infrared spectrum at the single-molecular level. Analyst 2019; 144:6108-6117. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Schematic illustration of photo-induced force microscopy combine principal component analysis detected and distinguish single molecule particles of biotoxins AT, RT/ETX with label-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
- Beijing 100071
- China
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
| | - Ahmad Kenaan
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
- Beijing 100071
- China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
- Beijing 100071
- China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
- Beijing 100071
- China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Surface display of PbrR on Escherichia coli and evaluation of the bioavailability of lead associated with engineered cells in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5685. [PMID: 29632327 PMCID: PMC5890273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to lead mainly occurs by ingestion of contaminated food, water and soil. Blocking lead uptake in the gastrointestinal tract is a novel prevention strategy. Whole-cell biosorbent for lead was constructed with PbrR genetically engineered on the cell surface of Escherichia coli (E. coli), a predominant strain among intestinal microflora, using lipoprotein (Lpp)-OmpA as the anchoring protein. In vitro, the PbrR displayed cells had an enhanced ability for immobilizing toxic lead(II) ions from the external media at both acidic and neutral pH, and exhibited a higher specific adsorption for lead compared to other physiological two valence metal ions. In vivo, the persistence of recombinant E. coli in the murine intestinal tract and the integrity of surface displayed PbrR were confirmed. In addition, oral administration of surface-engineered E. coli was safe in mice, in which the concentrations of physiological metal ions in blood were not affected. More importantly, lead associated with PbrR-displayed E. coli was demonstrated to be less bioavailable in the experimental mouse model with exposure to oral lead. This is reflected by significantly lower blood and femur lead concentrations in PbrR-displayed E. coli groups compared to the control. These results open up the possibility for the removal of toxic metal ions in vivo using engineered microorganisms as adsorbents.
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Tiwari V, Bagaria S, Karande AA. A chimeric protein of abrin and Abrus precatorius agglutinin that neutralizes abrin mediated lethality in mice. Toxicon 2017; 127:122-129. [PMID: 28088476 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abrin, a type II ribosome inactivating protein from the Abrus precatorius plant, is extremely toxic. It has been shown to be 75 times more potent than its infamous sister toxin, ricin and their potential use in bio-warfare is a cause of major concern. Although several vaccine candidates are under clinical trials for ricin, none are available against abrin. The present study proposes a chimeric protein, comprising of 1-123 amino acids taken from the A chain of abrin and 124-175 amino acids from Abrus precatorius agglutinin A chain, as a vaccine candidate against abrin intoxication. The design was based on the inclusion of the immunogenic region of the full length protein and the minimal essential folding domains required for inducing neutralizing antibody response. The chimera also contains the epitope for the only two neutralizing antibodies; D6F10 and A7C4, reported against abrin till now. Active immunization with the chimera protected all the mice challenged with 45 X LD50 of abrin. Also, passive transfer of antibodies raised against the chimera rescued all mice challenged with 50 X LD50 of toxin. Hence the chimeric protein appears to be a promising vaccine candidate against abrin induced lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Shradha Bagaria
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Anjali A Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India.
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Wang J, Gao S, Xin W, Kang L, Xu N, Zhang T, Liu W, Wang J. A novel recombinant vaccine protecting mice against abrin intoxication. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1361-7. [PMID: 26086588 PMCID: PMC4514378 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1008879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrin toxin (AT) consisting of an A chain and a B chain is a potential agent for bioterrorism and an effective vaccine against AT poisoning is urgently required. In this study, AT B chain (ATB) was successfully expressed in the Escherichia coli (E. coli) and assessed the protection capacity against AT intoxication. The recombinant ATB (rATB) subunit induces a good immune response after 4 immunizations. All BALB/c mice immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with the purified rATB protein survived after challenged with 5 × LD50 of AT. Transfusion of sera from immunized mice provided passive protection in naive mice. Furthermore, histological findings showed that immunization with rATB decreased the severity of toxin-related tissue damage. This work indicates that the rATB protein may be a promising vaccine candidate against human exposure to AT.
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Key Words
- AT, abrin toxin
- ATB, abrin toxin B chain
- B chain
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- LD50, 50% lethal dose
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline solution
- RT, ricin toxin
- RTB, ricin toxin B chain
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- abrin toxin
- bioterrorism
- i.p, intraperitoneal or intraperitoneally
- immunogen
- pAb, polyclonal antibody
- vaccine candidate
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology ; Beijing , PR China
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