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Douez E, D'Atri V, Guillarme D, Antier D, Guerriaud M, Beck A, Watier H, Foucault-Fruchard L. Why is there no biosimilar of Erbitux®? J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115544. [PMID: 37418870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapies have been a major advance in oncology patient care, even though they represent a significant healthcare cost. Biosimilars, launched in Europe in 2004 are an economically attractive alternative to expensive originator biological drugs. They also increase the competitiveness of pharmaceutical development. This article focuses on the case of Erbitux® (cetuximab). This anti-EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) monoclonal antibody is indicated for metastatic colorectal cancer (2004) and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (2006). However, despite the expiration of the patent in Europe in 2014 and estimated annual sales of 1.681 million US dollars in 2022, Erbitux® has not yet faced any approved biosimilar challenges in the United States or in Europe. Here, we outline the unique structural complexity of this antibody highlighted by advanced orthogonal analytical characterization strategies resulting in risks to demonstrate biosimilarity, which may explain the lack of Erbitux® biosimilars in the European and US markets to date. The development of Erbitux® biobetters are also discussed as alternative strategies to biosimilars. These biologics offer expected additional safety and potency benefits over the reference product but require a full pharmaceutical and clinical development as for New Molecular Entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Douez
- Pharmacy Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; EA6295, Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Antier
- Pharmacy Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Mathieu Guerriaud
- CREDIMI Laboratory EA 7532 and Laboratory of Excellence LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Faculty of Health Sciences (Pharmacy), University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF - Centre D'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Hervé Watier
- Immunology Laboratory, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Laura Foucault-Fruchard
- Pharmacy Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
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Beck A, Guillarme D, Fleury-Souverain S, Bodier-Montagutelli E, Respaud R. Anticorps monoclonaux biosimilaires. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 35:1146-1152. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
La mise sur le marché de biosimilaires requiert une démonstration stricte de la similarité avec l’anticorps de référence, au travers d’études précliniques et cliniques. Cet article synthétise l’ensemble des analyses physicochimiques et fonctionnelles mises en œuvre in vitro, préalables à la réalisation d’études cliniques. Pour chaque caractéristique critique de l’anticorps, nous avons détaillé les techniques analytiques communément employées, leur principe de fonctionnement, ainsi que le type d’informations que ces techniques permettent d’obtenir.
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Milassin Á, Fábián A, Molnár T. Switching from infliximab to biosimilar in inflammatory bowel disease: overview of the literature and perspective. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2019; 12:1756284819842748. [PMID: 31019554 PMCID: PMC6469269 DOI: 10.1177/1756284819842748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological therapy has revolutionized the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). After the expiration of patents for biological innovator products, development of biosimilars increased. CT-P13 was the first biosimilar approved for the same indications as the reference product; however, the approval was based on extrapolated data from rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Our aim was to review clinical studies about switching from originator infliximab (IFX-O) to biosimilar infliximab (IXF-B) in IBD, focusing on recently published data and the future of biosimilars. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for original articles published up to 1 December 2018 reporting data on IFX-B in IBD. RESULTS A total of 29 studies assessing switching from IFX-O to IFX-B, 14 assessing induction therapy with IFX-B were found. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity were discussed. Studies confirm that CT-P13 is safe and equally efficient as the reference product for both induction and maintenance therapy; and that switching from the reference product to biosimilar is non-inferior to continuous biosimilar use. However, efficacy and safety data on Flixabi (SB2) in IBD patients is lacking. CONCLUSION Switching from the originator to a biosimilar in patients with IBD is acceptable, although scientific and clinical evidence is lacking regarding reverse switching, multiple switching and cross-switching among biosimilars in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Milassin
- First Department of Medicine, University of
Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Fábián
- First Department of Medicine, University of
Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
Biopharmaceutical sales were at $160 billion in 2016. With many top revenue biopharmaceuticals coming off patent in the next 4 years, there is a tremendous rush by leading biopharmaceutical companies worldwide to launch biosimilar versions of innovator products. However, these protein drugs are extremely difficult to copy. In this viewpoint, we will discuss the various drugs slated to lose patent protection and the challenges in manufacturing these drugs using current technologies. The Food and Drug Administration's regulatory role and definitions of similarity will be discussed, and finally, the scientific challenges in mimicking a protein drug in the current patent- and innovation-driven research field will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Dahodwala
- Vaccine Production
Program, VRC/NIAID/NIH, 9 West Watkins Mill Road, Suite 250, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Susan T. Sharfstein
- Colleges
of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York 12203, United States
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D'Angelo S, Tramontano G, Gilio M, Leccese P, Olivieri I. Review of the treatment of psoriatic arthritis with biological agents: choice of drug for initial therapy and switch therapy for non-responders. Open Access Rheumatol 2017; 9:21-28. [PMID: 28280401 PMCID: PMC5338946 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s56073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease with a broad clinical spectrum and variable course. It can involve musculoskeletal structures as well as skin, nails, eyes, and gut. The management of PsA has changed tremendously in the last decade, thanks to an earlier diagnosis, an advancement in pharmacological therapies, and a wider application of a multidisciplinary approach. The commercialization of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, and infliximab) as well as interleukin (IL)-12/23 (ustekinumab) and IL-17 (secukinumab) inhibitors is representative of a revolution in the treatment of PsA. No evidence-based strategies are currently available for guiding the rheumatologist to prescribe biological drugs. Several international and national recommendation sets are currently available with the aim to help rheumatologists in everyday clinical practice management of PsA patients treated with biological therapy. Since no specific biological agent has been demonstrated to be more effective than others, the drug choice should be made according to the available safety data, the presence of extra-articular manifestations, the patient’s preferences (e.g., administration route), and the drug price. However, future studies directly comparing different biological drugs and assessing the efficacy of treatment strategies specific for PsA are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore D'Angelo
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IRel) - Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza and Matera
| | - Giuseppina Tramontano
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IRel) - Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza and Matera
| | - Michele Gilio
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IRel) - Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza and Matera
| | - Pietro Leccese
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IRel) - Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza and Matera
| | - Ignazio Olivieri
- Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IRel) - Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital of Matera, Potenza and Matera; Basilicata Ricerca Biomedica (BRB) Foundation, Potenza, Italy
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Li W, Yang B, Zhou D, Xu J, Ke Z, Suen WC. Discovery and characterization of antibody variants using mass spectrometry-based comparative analysis for biosimilar candidates of monoclonal antibody drugs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1025:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Planinc A, Bones J, Dejaegher B, Van Antwerpen P, Delporte C. Glycan characterization of biopharmaceuticals: Updates and perspectives. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 921:13-27. [PMID: 27126786 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins are rapidly becoming the most promising class of pharmaceuticals on the market due to their successful treatment of a vast array of serious diseases, such as cancers and immune disorders. Therapeutic proteins are produced using recombinant DNA technology. More than 60% of therapeutic proteins are posttranslationally modified following biosynthesis by the addition of N- or O-linked glycans. Glycosylation is the most common posttranslational modifications of proteins. However, it is also the most demanding and complex posttranslational modification from the analytical point of view. Moreover, research has shown that glycosylation significantly impacts stability, half-life, mechanism of action and safety of a therapeutic protein. Considering the exponential growth of biotherapeutics, this present review of the literature (2009-2015) focuses on the characterization of protein glycosylation, which has witnessed an improvement in methodology. Furthermore, it discusses current issues in the fields of production and characterization of therapeutic proteins. This review also highlights the problem of non-standard requirements for the approval of biosimilars with regard to their glycosylation and discusses recent developments and perspectives for improved glycan characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Planinc
- Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Bones
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bieke Dejaegher
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Faculty of Medicines and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Jung SK, Lee KH, Jeon JW, Lee JW, Kwon BO, Kim YJ, Bae JS, Kim DI, Lee SY, Chang SJ. Physicochemical characterization of Remsima. MAbs 2015; 6:1163-77. [PMID: 25517302 PMCID: PMC4622713 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.32221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Remsima® (infliximab) was recently approved as the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea. To achieve this, extensive physicochemical characterization of Remsima® in relation to Remicade® was conducted in order to demonstrate the highly similar properties between the two molecules. A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses revealed that Remsima® has identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures compared with the original product. Monomer and aggregate contents of Remsima® were also found to be comparable with those of Remicade®. In terms of charge isoforms, although Remsima® was observed to contain slightly less basic variants than the original antibody, the difference was shown to be largely due to the presence of C-terminal lysine. On the other hand, this lysine was found to be rapidly clipped inside serum in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has no effect on the biological potency or safety of the drug. Analysis of the glycan contents of the antibodies showed comparable glycan types and distributions. Recent results of clinical studies have further confirmed that the two antibody products are highly similar to each other. Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima® can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade® in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade®.
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Beck A, Debaene F, Diemer H, Wagner-Rousset E, Colas O, Van Dorsselaer A, Cianférani S. Cutting-edge mass spectrometry characterization of originator, biosimilar and biobetter antibodies. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:285-297. [PMID: 25800010 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The approval process for antibody biosimilars relies primarily on comprehensive analytical data to establish comparability and high similarity with the originator. Mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with liquid chromatography (LC) and electrophoretic methods are the corner stone for comparability and biosimilarity evaluation. In this special feature we report head-to-head comparison of trastuzumab and cetuximab with corresponding biosimilar and biobetter candidates based on cutting-edge mass spectrometry techniques such as native MS and ion-mobility MS at different levels (top, middle and bottom). In addition, we discuss the advantages and the limitations of sample preparation and enzymatic digestion, middle-up and -down strategies and the use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange followed by MS (HDX-MS). Last but not least, emerging separation methods combined to MS such as capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem MS (CESI-MS/MS), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), top down-sequencing (TDS) and high-resolution MS (HR-MS) that complete the panel of state-of-the-art MS-based options for comparability and biosimilarity evaluation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
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Xie H, Chakraborty A, Ahn J, Yu YQ, Dakshinamoorthy DP, Gilar M, Chen W, Skilton SJ, Mazzeo JR. Rapid comparison of a candidate biosimilar to an innovator monoclonal antibody with advanced liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry technologies. MAbs 2014; 2:379-94. [DOI: 10.4161/mabs.11986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Abstract
Biologic drugs are forming a larger and expanded part of the therapeutic drug market. The top ten best-selling drugs are currently a mix of small and large molecules, but it is expected that biologics will soon represent a large majority of the top-selling drugs. These drugs have a high degree of complexity and must be analyzed using information-rich analytical techniques to fully characterize the drug. Thus, biosimilar copies of these innovator drugs must also be intensively analyzed to ensure they have comparable analytical profiles. In this article we discuss the regulatory requirements for introducing a follow-on biologic, or biosimilar, drug on the market, how analytics in general can be used to reduce the need for comprehensive clinical trials, and how MS in particular is becoming increasingly valuable in these analyses.
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de la Luz-Hernández K, Rabasa Y, Montesinos R, Fuentes D, Santo-Tomás JF, Morales O, Aguilar Y, Pacheco B, Castillo A. Cancer vaccine characterization: from bench to clinic. Vaccine 2014; 32:2851-8. [PMID: 24641959 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of safe, effective, and affordable vaccines has become a global effort due to its vast impact on overall world health conditions. A brief overview of vaccine characterization techniques, especially in the area of high-resolution mass spectrometry, is presented. It is highly conceivable that the proper use of advanced technologies such as high-resolution mass spectrometry, along with the appropriate chemical and physical property evaluations, will yield tremendous in-depth scientific understanding for the characterization of vaccines in various stages of vaccine development. This work presents the physicochemical and biological characterization of cancer vaccine Racotumomab/alumina, a murine anti-idiotypic antibody that mimics N-glycolyl-GM3 gangliosides. This antibody has been tested as an anti-idiotypic cancer vaccine, adjuvated in Al(OH)3, in several clinical trials for melanoma, breast, and lung cancer. METHODS Racotumomab was obtained from ascites fluid, transferred to fermentation in stirred tank at 10 L and followed to a scale up to 41 L. The mass spectrometry was used for the determination of intact molecule, light and heavy chains masses; amino acids sequence analysis, N- and C-terminal, glycosylation and posttranslational modifications. Also we used the DLS for the size distribution and zeta potential analysis. The biological analyses were performed in mice and chickens. RESULTS We observed differences in glycosylation pattern, charge heterogeneity and structural stability between in vivo-produced and bioreactor-obtained Racotumomab products. Interestingly, these modifications had no significant impact on the immune responses elicited in two different animal models. CONCLUSIONS We are demonstrated that this approach could potentially be more efficient and effective for supporting vaccine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K de la Luz-Hernández
- Process Development Direction, INIM, Center of Molecular Immunology, PO Box 11600, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Y Rabasa
- Process Development Direction, INIM, Center of Molecular Immunology, PO Box 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - R Montesinos
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 16017, Havana, Cuba
| | - D Fuentes
- National center for Laboratory Animal Breeding, Havana, Cuba
| | - J F Santo-Tomás
- Process Development Direction, INIM, Center of Molecular Immunology, PO Box 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - O Morales
- Process Development Direction, INIM, Center of Molecular Immunology, PO Box 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Aguilar
- Process Development Direction, INIM, Center of Molecular Immunology, PO Box 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - B Pacheco
- Process Development Direction, INIM, Center of Molecular Immunology, PO Box 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - A Castillo
- Process Development Direction, INIM, Center of Molecular Immunology, PO Box 11600, Havana, Cuba
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Strand V, Cronstein B. Biosimilars: how similar? Intern Med J 2014; 44:218-23. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Strand
- Biopharmaceutical Consultant; Portola Valley California USA
| | - B. Cronstein
- Divisions of Translational Medicine and Rheumatology; NYU School of Medicine; New York USA
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Zhang Q, Goetze AM, Cui H, Wylie J, Trimble S, Hewig A, Flynn GC. Comprehensive tracking of host cell proteins during monoclonal antibody purifications using mass spectrometry. MAbs 2014; 6:659-70. [PMID: 24518299 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.28120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An advanced two-dimensional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry platform was used to quantify individual host cell proteins (HCPs) present at various purification steps for several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The methodology produced reproducible identifications and quantifications among replicate analyses consistent with a previously documented individual limit of quantification of ~13 ppm. We were able to track individual HCPs from cell culture fluid to protein A eluate pool to subsequent viral inactivation pool and, in some cases, further downstream. Approximately 500 HCPs were confidently identified in cell culture fluid and this number declined progressively through the purification scheme until no HCPs could be confidently identified in polishing step cation-exchange eluate pools. The protein A eluate pool of nine different mAbs contained widely differing numbers, and total levels, of HCPs, yet the bulk of the total HCP content in each case consisted of a small subset of normally intracellular HCPs highly abundant in cell culture fluid. These observations hint that minimizing cell lysis during cell culture/harvest may be useful in minimizing downstream HCP content. Clusterin and actin are abundant in the protein A eluate pools of most mAbs studied. HCP profiling by this methodology can provide useful information to process developers and lead to the refinement of existing purification platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Zhang
- Product Attribute Sciences, Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA USA
| | - Andrew M Goetze
- Product Attribute Sciences, Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA USA
| | - Huanchun Cui
- Drug Substance Development, Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA USA
| | - Jenna Wylie
- Drug Substance Development, Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA USA
| | - Steve Trimble
- Drug Substance Development, Amgen Inc.; Seattle, WA USA
| | - Art Hewig
- Drug Substance Development, Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA USA
| | - Gregory C Flynn
- Product Attribute Sciences, Amgen Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA USA
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Reichert JM, Beck A, Lugovskoy AA, Wurch T, Coats S, Brezski RJ. 9th annual European Antibody Congress, November 11-13, 2013, Geneva, Switzerland. MAbs 2014; 6:309-26. [PMID: 24492298 PMCID: PMC7098616 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.27903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The annual European Antibody Congress (EAC) has traditionally been the key event for updates on critical scientific advances in the antibody field, and 2013 was no exception. Organized by Terrapinn, the well-attended meeting featured presentations on considerations for developing antibodies and antibody-like therapeutics, with separate tracks for antibody-drug conjugates, naked antibodies, and multispecific antibodies or protein scaffolds. The overall focus of the EAC was current approaches to enhance the functionality of therapeutic antibodies or other targeted proteins, with the ultimate goal being improvement of the safety and efficacy of the molecules as treatments for cancer, immune-mediated disorders and other diseases. Roundtable discussion sessions gave participants opportunities to engage in group discussions with industry leaders from companies such as Genmab, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, and Pierre Fabre. As the 2013 EAC was co-located with the World Biosimilar Congress, participants also received an update on European Medicines Agency guidelines and thoughts on the future direction and development of biosimilar antibodies in the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre; Saint Julien en Genevois, France
| | | | - Thierry Wurch
- Institut de Recherches SERVIER; Oncology R&D Unit, F-78290; Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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Luz-Hernández KDL, Rabasa Y, Montesinos R, Fuentes D, Tomás JFS, Morales O, Aguilar Y, Pacheco B, Castillo A, Vazquez AM. Comparability Assessments of Process Changes Made during Development of Anti-Idiotype Vaccine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/wjv.2014.41005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Beck A, Reichert JM. Approval of the first biosimilar antibodies in Europe: a major landmark for the biopharmaceutical industry. MAbs 2013; 5:621-3. [PMID: 23924791 PMCID: PMC3851211 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.25864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a defining moment for the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the biopharmaceutical industry, on June 27, 2013 EMA's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use adopted a positive opinion for two biosimilar infliximab products (Celltrion's Remsima® and Hospira's Inflectra®), and recommended that they be approved for marketing in the European Union (EU). The European Commission's decision on an application is typically issued 67 d after an opinion is provided; thus, decisions are expected in early September 2013. If approved, the products will comprise the first biosimilar antibody made available to patients in a highly regulated market, although launch may be delayed due to an extension of the reference product's (Remicade®) patent in the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre; Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
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Rosati S, Thompson NJ, Heck AJ, Rosati S, Thompson NJ, Heck AJ. Tackling the increasing complexity of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies with mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Beck A, Diemer H, Ayoub D, Debaene F, Wagner-Rousset E, Carapito C, Van Dorsselaer A, Sanglier-Cianférani S. Analytical characterization of biosimilar antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gahoual R, Burr A, Busnel JM, Kuhn L, Hammann P, Beck A, François YN, Leize-Wagner E. Rapid and multi-level characterization of trastuzumab using sheathless capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. MAbs 2013; 5:479-90. [PMID: 23563524 PMCID: PMC4169039 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.23995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly complex proteins that display a wide range of microheterogeneity that requires multiple analytical methods for full structure assessment and quality control. As a consequence, the characterization of mAbs on different levels is particularly product - and time - consuming. This work presents the characterization of trastuzumab sequence using sheathless capillary electrophoresis (referred as CESI) – tandem mass spectrometry (CESI-MS/MS). Using this bottom-up proteomic-like approach, CESI-MS/MS provided 100% sequence coverage for both heavy and light chain via peptide fragment fingerprinting (PFF) identification. The result was accomplished in a single shot, corresponding to the analysis of 100 fmoles of digest. The same analysis also enabled precise characterization of the post-translational hot spots of trastuzumab, used as a representative widely marketed therapeutic mAb, including the structural confirmation of the five major N-glycoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabah Gahoual
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS); UDS-CNRS UMR 7140; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France
| | - Alicia Burr
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS); UDS-CNRS UMR 7140; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Lauriane Kuhn
- Plateforme Protéomique; Université de Strasbourg; Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Strasbourg, France
| | - Phillipe Hammann
- Plateforme Protéomique; Université de Strasbourg; Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'immunologie Pierre Fabre; Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS); UDS-CNRS UMR 7140; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS); UDS-CNRS UMR 7140; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg, France
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21
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Biosimilars in Dermatology: Starting With Infliximab. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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22
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Chen SL, Wu SL, Huang LJ, Huang JB, Chen SH. A global comparability approach for biosimilar monoclonal antibodies using LC-tandem MS based proteomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 80:126-35. [PMID: 23563225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics for peptide mapping and sequencing was used to characterize the marketed monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and compare it with two biosimilar products, mAb A containing D359E and L361M variations at the Fc site and mAb B without variants. Complete sequence coverage (100%) including disulfide linkages, glycosylations and other commonly occurring modifications (i.e., deamidation, oxidation, dehydration and K-clipping) were identified using maps generated from multi-enzyme digestions. In addition to the targeted comparison for the relative populations of targeted modification forms, a non-targeted approach was used to globally compare ion intensities in tryptic maps. The non-targeted comparison provided an extra-dimensional view to examine any possible differences related to variants or modifications. A peptide containing the two variants in mAb A, D359E and L361M, was revealed using the non-targeted comparison of the tryptic maps. In contrast, no significant differences were observed when trastuzumab was self-compared or compared with mAb B. These results were consistent with the data derived from peptide sequencing via collision induced dissociation/electron transfer dissociation. Thus, combined targeted and non-targeted approaches using powerful mass spectrometry-based proteomic tools hold great promise for the structural characterization of biosimilar products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Li Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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23
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Puig L. Biosimilars in dermatology: starting with infliximab. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2012; 104:175-80. [PMID: 23218608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Puig
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Tan Q, Guo Q, Fang C, Wang C, Li B, Wang H, Li J, Guo Y. Characterization and comparison of commercially available TNF receptor 2-Fc fusion protein products. MAbs 2012; 4:761-74. [PMID: 23032066 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of rapidly increasing market demand and rising cost pressure, the innovator of etanercept (Enbrel®) will inevitably face competition from biosimilar versions of the product. In this study, to elucidate the differences between the reference etanercept and its biosimilars, we characterized and compared the quality attributes of two commercially available, biosimilar TNF receptor 2-Fc fusion protein products. Biosimilar 1 showed high similarity to Enbrel® in critical quality attributes including peptide mapping, intact mass, charge variant, purity, glycosylation and bioactivity. In contrast, the intact mass and MS/MS analysis of biosimilar 2 revealed a mass difference indicative of a two amino acid residue variance in the heavy chain (Fc) sequences. Comprehensive glycosylation profiling confirmed that biosimilar 2 has significantly low sialylated N-oligosaccharides. Biosimilar 2 also displayed significant differences in charge attributes compared with the reference product. Interestingly, biosimilar 2 exhibited similar affinity and bioactivity levels compared with the reference product despite the obvious difference in primary structure and partial physiochemical properties. For a biosimilar development program, comparative analytical data can influence decisions about the type and amount of animal and clinical data needed to demonstrate biosimilarity. Because of the limited clinical experience with biosimilars at the time of their approval, a thorough knowledge surrounding biosimilars and a case-by-case approach are needed to ensure the appropriate use of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiao Tan
- International Joint Cancer Institute and College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Pauwels PJ, Dumontet C, Reichert JM, Beck A, Goetsch L, Corvaia N, Klein C, Coiffier B, Teicher B. 7th cancer scientific forum of theCancéropôle Lyon Auvergne Rhône-Alpes: March 20-21, 2012, Lyon, France. MAbs 2012; 4:434-44. [PMID: 22684281 PMCID: PMC3499338 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.20869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Innovative Approaches in Anti-Cancer Monoclonal Antibodies meeting, held on March 20, 2012 in Lyon, was organized by Cancéropôle Lyon Auvergne-Rhône-Alps in partnership with the French competitiveness cluster Lyonbiopôle. CLARA is one of the seven cancer research clusters within France in charge of facilitating Translational Oncology Research by taking into account the objectives of the French National Cancer Plans I and II and, in coordination with the French National Cancer Institute and local authorities (mainly Grand Lyon, Rhône County and Rhône-Alpes Region), to perform economic development of research findings. The contribution of lectures by outstanding speakers as described in this report, the organization of two-round tables: "Antibody treatment in cancer: Unmet needs in solid tumors and hematological malignancies," and "From chimeric to more than human antibodies," together with face-to-face meetings, was shared by over 230 participants. The lectures provided an overview of the commercial pipeline of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics for cancer; discussion of the distinction between biosimilar, biobetter and next generation therapeutic antibodies for cancer; updates on obinutuzumab and the use of mAbs in lymphoma; and discussion of antibody-drug conjugates.
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26
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Beck A, Sanglier-Cianférani S, Van Dorsselaer A. Biosimilar, biobetter, and next generation antibody characterization by mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4637-46. [PMID: 22510259 DOI: 10.1021/ac3002885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This Feature will introduce the strategies of therapeutic antibodies (mAbs) in-depth characterization by mass spectrometry (MS) and discuss analytical comparison of biosimilar to originator mAbs, with the cases of trastuzumab and cetuximab. In addition, the structural and functional insights gained both by state-of-the art and emerging MS methods used for biobetters and next generation antibodies design and optimization will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France.
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Lugovskoy AA, Reichert JM, Beck A. 7th annual European Antibody Congress 2011: November 29-December 1, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland. MAbs 2012; 4:134-52. [PMID: 22453093 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.4.2.19426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 7th European Antibody Congress (EAC), organized by Terrapin Ltd., was again held in Geneva, Switzerland, following on the tradition established with the 4th EAC. The 2011 version of the EAC was attended by nearly 250 delegates who learned of the latest advances and trends in the global development of antibody-based therapeutics. The first day focused on advances in understanding structure-function relationships, choosing the best format, glycoengineering biobetter antibodies, improving the efficacy and drugability of mAbs and epitope mapping. On the second day, the discovery of novel targets for mAb therapy, clinical pipeline updates, use of antibody combinations to address resistance, generation and identification of mAbs against new targets and biosimilar mAb development were discussed. Antibody-drug conjugates, domain antibodies and new scaffolds and bispecific antibodies were the topics of the third day. In total, nearly 50 speakers provided updates of programs related to antibody research and development on-going in the academic, government and commercial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre; Saint-Julien en Genevois, France
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28
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Machado YJ, Rabasa Y, Montesinos R, Cremata J, Besada V, Fuentes D, Castillo A, de la Luz KR, Vázquez AM, Himly M. Physicochemical and biological characterization of 1E10 anti-idiotype vaccine. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:112. [PMID: 22108317 PMCID: PMC3238287 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1E10 monoclonal antibody is a murine anti-idiotypic antibody that mimics N-glycolyl-GM3 gangliosides. This antibody has been tested as an anti-idiotypic cancer vaccine, adjuvated in Al(OH)3, in several clinical trials for melanoma, breast, and lung cancer. During early clinical development this mAb was obtained in vivo from mice ascites fluid. Currently, the production process of 1E10 is being transferred from the in vivo to a bioreactor-based method. RESULTS Here, we present a comprehensive molecular and immunological characterization of 1E10 produced by the two different production processes in order to determine the impact of the manufacturing process in vaccine performance. We observed differences in glycosylation pattern, charge heterogeneity and structural stability between in vivo-produced 1E10 and bioreactor-obtained 1E10. Interestingly, these modifications had no significant impact on the immune responses elicited in two different animal models. CONCLUSIONS Changes in 1E10 primary structure like glycosylation; asparagine deamidation and oxidation affected 1E10 structural stability but did not affect the immune response elicited in mice and chickens when compared to 1E10 produced in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan J Machado
- Center for Molecular Immunology, Atabey Siboney, Playa, Havana 11600, Cuba.
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29
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Experience of reviewing the follow-on biologics including Somatropin and erythropoietin in Japan. Biologicals 2011; 39:289-92. [PMID: 21917473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To share the experience of reviewing clinical data required for the licensing of follow-on biologic products (biosimilar products and similar biotherapeutical products as EU and WHO terminology, respectively) in Japan, the data packages of two follow-on biologics, "Somatropin BS s.c. [Sandoz] (Omnitrope®)" and "Epoetin alfa BS [JCR]", which have been recently approved in Japan according to the "Guidelines for the Quality, Safety and Efficacy Assurance of Follow-on Biologics" published on March 4th 2009, are described. The clinical data package and indication of Somatropin BS/Omnitrope(®) were different in each country. In case of Epoetin alfa BS [JCR], non-clinical and clinical data-package was different from those of erythropoietin biosimilar products approved in EU. Submission of post-marketing surveillance plans for both products was required. Even though there seem to be differences in data requirements by each national regulatory authority, the accumulation of experience will provide the rationale and consensus on how to design the clinical trials for follow-on biologics.
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32
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Mellstedt H. Implications of the development of biosimilars for cancer treatment. Future Oncol 2010; 6:1065-7. [PMID: 20624117 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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33
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Beck A, Wagner-Rousset E, Wurch T, Corvaia N. [Therapeutic antibodies and related products: choosing the right structure for success]. Med Sci (Paris) 2010; 25:1024-32. [PMID: 20035674 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/200925121024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and related-products represent the fastest growing class of therapeutics in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industry. In just as short as 20 years, more than 30 immunoglobulins (IgG) and derivatives have been approved in a wide range of indications (oncology, inflammation and auto-immunity, transplantation, angioplasty, hematology, ophthalmology, viral infections, allergy). The mAb structure toolbox contains mouse, chimeric, humanized and human antibodies from different isotypes (IgG1, 2 and 4), as well as IgG-related products (immunoconjugates, radio-immunoconjugates, Fab fragments, Fc-fusion proteins and peptides, bispecifics). Furthermore from a structural point of view, mAb glycosylation is linked to their production systems and may impact on their effector functions and immunogenicity. Based on the current knowledge, choosing the right antibody format, isotype and glycosylation profile are some of the key issues to address early during the lead selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Centre d'immunologie Pierre Fabre (www.cipf.com), 5, avenue Napoléon III, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France.
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34
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Strategies and challenges for the next generation of therapeutic antibodies. Nat Rev Immunol 2010; 10:345-52. [PMID: 20414207 DOI: 10.1038/nri2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies and related products are the fastest growing class of therapeutic agents. By analysing the regulatory approvals of IgG-based biotherapeutic agents in the past 10 years, we can gain insights into the successful strategies used by pharmaceutical companies so far to bring innovative drugs to the market. Many challenges will have to be faced in the next decade to bring more efficient and affordable antibody-based drugs to the clinic. Here, we discuss strategies to select the best therapeutic antigen targets, to optimize the structure of IgG antibodies and to design related or new structures with additional functions.
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35
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Beck A, Reichert JM, Wurch T. 5th European Antibody Congress 2009: November 30–December 2, 2009, Geneva, Switzerland. MAbs 2010; 2:108-28. [PMID: 20179425 PMCID: PMC2840230 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.2.11302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Physico-Chemistry Department, Centre d’Immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint Julien en Genevois, France.
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36
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Xie H, Chakraborty A, Ahn J, Yu YQ, Dakshinamoorthy DP, Gilar M, Chen W, Skilton SJ, Mazzeo JR. Rapid comparison of a candidate biosimilar to an innovator monoclonal antibody with advanced liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry technologies. MAbs 2010. [PMID: 20458189 PMCID: PMC3180085 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.4.11986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study shows that state-of-the-art liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) can be used for rapid verification of identity and characterization of sequence variants and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) for antibody products. A candidate biosimilar IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was compared in detail to a commercially available innovator product. Intact protein mass, primary sequence, PTMs, and the micro-differences between the two mAbs were identified and quantified simultaneously. Although very similar in terms of sequences and modifications, a mass difference observed by LC-MS intact mass measurements indicated that they were not identical. Peptide mapping, performed with data independent acquisition LC-MS using an alternating low and elevated collision energy scan mode (LC-MS(E)), located the mass difference between the biosimilar and the innovator to a two amino acid residue variance in the heavy chain sequences. The peptide mapping technique was also used to comprehensively catalogue and compare the differences in PTMs of the biosimilar and innovator mAbs. Comprehensive glycosylation profiling confirmed that the proportion of individual glycans was different between the biosimilar and the innovator, although the number and identity of glycans were the same. These results demonstrate that the combination of accurate intact mass measurement, released glycan profiling, and LC-MS(E) peptide mapping provides a set of routine tools that can be used to comprehensively compare a candidate biosimilar and an innovator mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Xie
- Biopharmaceutical Science Department; Waters Corporation; Milford, MA USA
| | - Asish Chakraborty
- Biopharmaceutical Science Department; Waters Corporation; Milford, MA USA
| | - Joomi Ahn
- Biopharmaceutical Science Department; Waters Corporation; Milford, MA USA
| | - Ying Qing Yu
- Biopharmaceutical Science Department; Waters Corporation; Milford, MA USA
| | | | - Martin Gilar
- Biopharmaceutical Science Department; Waters Corporation; Milford, MA USA
| | - Weibin Chen
- Biopharmaceutical Science Department; Waters Corporation; Milford, MA USA
| | - St John Skilton
- Biopharmaceutical Science Department; Waters Corporation; Milford, MA USA
| | - Jeffery R Mazzeo
- Biopharmaceutical Science Department; Waters Corporation; Milford, MA USA
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37
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Lackner F, Behr-Gross ME. [Regulatory consequences for the use of monoclonal antibodies]. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 25:1183-8. [PMID: 20035703 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/200925121183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Köhler and Milstein published a method for the manufacture of mouse monoclonal antibodies of predefined specificity 1975 [1], a work rewarded with the Nobel Prize 1984. Since then, the field has developed rapidly with new production methods such as recombinant DNA technology, phage display and genetically engineered animals. Following the first clinical applications with a mouse monoclonal antibody, new classes as chimaeric, humanized and human monoclonal antibodies appeared, with the advantages of less adverse reactions and better efficacy. The development over more than 30 years resulted in more than 25 approved products on the market for various therapeutic applications, e.g. for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory diseases, heart disease and transplantation, and medicines for many more applications are currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Lackner
- AGES Pharmmed, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, OMCL, Possingergasse 38, A-1160 Vienne, France.
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38
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Beck A, Cochet O, Wurch T. GlycoFi's technology to control the glycosylation of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2009; 5:95-111. [DOI: 10.1517/17460440903413504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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