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Zhu Y, Zhao K, Prinz A, Keyvani K, Lambertz N, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Lei T, Sure U. Loss of endothelial programmed cell death 10 activates glioblastoma cells and promotes tumor growth. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:538-48. [PMID: 26254477 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neo-angiogenesis is a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM) and is sustained by autocrine and paracrine interactions between neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells. Programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) is ubiquitously expressed in nearly all tissues and plays crucial roles in regulating angiogenesis and apoptosis. We recently discovered the absence of PDCD10 expression in the tumor vessels of GBM patients. This raised the hypothesis that loss of endothelial PDCD10 affected GBM cell phenotyping and tumor progression. METHODS Endothelial PDCD10 was silenced by siRNA and lentiviral shRNA. The tumor cell phenotype was studied in direct and indirect co-culture of endothelial cells (ECs) with U87 or LN229. Angiogenic protein array was performed in the media of PDCD10-silenced ECs. Tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth were investigated in a human GBM xenograft mouse model. RESULTS Endothelial silence of PDCD10 significantly stimulated tumor cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and invasion and inhibited apoptosis in co-cultures. Stable knockdown of endothelial PDCD10 increased microvessel density and the formation of a functional vascular network, leading to a 4-fold larger tumor mass in mice. Intriguingly, endothelial deletion of PDCD10 increased (≥2-fold) the release of 20 of 55 tested proangiogenic factors including VEGF, which in turn activated Erk1/2 and Akt in GBM cells. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we provide evidence that loss of endothelial PDCD10 activates GBM cells and promotes tumor growth, most likely via a paracrine mechanism. PDCD10 shows a tumor-suppressor-like function in the cross talk between ECs and tumor cells and is potentially implicated in GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Y.Z., K.Z., A.P., N.L., I.K.-A., U.S.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (K.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (K.Z., T.L.)
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Y.Z., K.Z., A.P., N.L., I.K.-A., U.S.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (K.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (K.Z., T.L.)
| | - Anja Prinz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Y.Z., K.Z., A.P., N.L., I.K.-A., U.S.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (K.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (K.Z., T.L.)
| | - Kathy Keyvani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Y.Z., K.Z., A.P., N.L., I.K.-A., U.S.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (K.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (K.Z., T.L.)
| | - Nicole Lambertz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Y.Z., K.Z., A.P., N.L., I.K.-A., U.S.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (K.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (K.Z., T.L.)
| | - Ilonka Kreitschmann-Andermahr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Y.Z., K.Z., A.P., N.L., I.K.-A., U.S.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (K.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (K.Z., T.L.)
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Y.Z., K.Z., A.P., N.L., I.K.-A., U.S.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (K.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (K.Z., T.L.)
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Y.Z., K.Z., A.P., N.L., I.K.-A., U.S.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (K.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (K.Z., T.L.)
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Barnie PA, Zhang P, Lu P, Chen X, Su Z, Wang S, Xu H. CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides suppress the proliferation of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells via toll-like receptor 9 signaling and upregulation of Runt-related transcription factor 3 expression. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:374-377. [PMID: 24748977 PMCID: PMC3990193 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CpG-oligodeoxynucelotides (CpG-ODN) on the proliferation of the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 3 (Runx3) and investigate the association between the toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling pathway and Runx3 expression during A549 cell proliferation. Different concentrations of CpG-ODN were used in this study to stimulate A549 cells and the expression of Runx3 at the mRNA or protein level was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or western blot analysis. Moreover, Runx3 siRNA was synthesized and transiently transfected into the A549 cells and the MTT assay was used to detect the effects of CpG-ODN on transfected cell growth. Our data demonstrated that CpG-ODN significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells. The expression of Runx3 in the mRNA and protein level was increased in A549 cells stimulated by CpG-ODN. The CpG-ODN-stimulated cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in Runx3 siRNA-transfected A549 cells. In conclusion, CpG-ODN may bind to TLR9, inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and upregulate the expression of Runx3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Amoah Barnie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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