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Zhang J, Li R, Huang S. The immunoregulation effect of tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:951019. [PMID: 35965504 PMCID: PMC9365986 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.951019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the seventh highest death rate of all cancers. The absence of any serious symptoms, coupled with a lack of early prognostic and diagnostic markers, makes the disease untreatable in most cases. This leads to a delay in diagnosis and the disease progresses so there is no cure. Only about 20% of cases are diagnosed early. Surgical removal is the preferred treatment for cancer, but chemotherapy is standard for advanced cancer, although patients can eventually develop drug resistance and serious side effects. Chemoresistance is multifactorial because of the interaction among pancreatic cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Nevertheless, more pancreatic cancer patients will benefit from precision treatment and targeted drugs. This review focuses on the immune-related components of TME and the interactions between tumor cells and TME during the development and progression of pancreatic cancer, including immunosuppression, tumor dormancy and escape. Finally, we discussed a variety of immune components-oriented immunotargeting drugs in TME from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renfeng Li
- *Correspondence: Renfeng Li, ; Shuai Huang,
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Shang S, Hua F, Hu ZW. The regulation of β-catenin activity and function in cancer: therapeutic opportunities. Oncotarget 2017; 8:33972-33989. [PMID: 28430641 PMCID: PMC5464927 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an evolutionarily conserved and versatile pathway that is known to be involved in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and a wide variety of human diseases. Aberrant activation of this pathway gives rise to the accumulation of β-catenin in the nucleus and promotes the transcription of many oncogenes such as c-Myc and CyclinD-1. As a result, it contributes to carcinogenesis and tumor progression of several cancers, including colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer and ovarian cancer. β-Catenin is a pivotal component of the Wnt signaling pathway and it is tightly regulated at three hierarchical levels: protein stability, subcellular localization and transcriptional activity. Uncovering the regulatory mechanisms of β-catenin will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases, as well as new therapeutic strategies against these diseases. In this review we dissect the concrete regulatory mechanisms of β-catenin from three aspects mentioned above. Then we focus on the role of β-catenin in cancer initiation, progression, dormancy, immunity and cancer stem cell maintenance. At last, we summarize the recent progress in the development of agents for the pharmacological modulation of β-catenin activity in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fang Hua
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Hu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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Thompson MG, Larson M, Vidrine A, Barrios K, Navarro F, Meyers K, Simms P, Prajapati K, Chitsike L, Hellman LM, Baker BM, Watkins SK. FOXO3-NF-κB RelA Protein Complexes Reduce Proinflammatory Cell Signaling and Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5637-47. [PMID: 26561547 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated myeloid cells, including dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, are immune suppressive. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism involving FOXO3 and NF-κB RelA that controls myeloid cell signaling and impacts their immune-suppressive nature. We find that FOXO3 binds NF-κB RelA in the cytosol, impacting both proteins by preventing FOXO3 degradation and preventing NF-κB RelA nuclear translocation. The location of protein-protein interaction was determined to be near the FOXO3 transactivation domain. In turn, NF-κB RelA activation was restored upon deletion of the same sequence in FOXO3 containing the DNA binding domain. We have identified for the first time, to our knowledge, a direct protein-protein interaction between FOXO3 and NF-κB RelA in tumor-associated DCs. These detailed biochemical interactions provide the foundation for future studies to use the FOXO3-NF-κB RelA interaction as a target to enhance tumor-associated DC function to support or enhance antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Thompson
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Michelle Larson
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Amy Vidrine
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Kelly Barrios
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Flor Navarro
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Kaitlyn Meyers
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Patricia Simms
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Kushal Prajapati
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Lennox Chitsike
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
| | - Lance M Hellman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Stephanie K Watkins
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153; and
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