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Bilkey N, Li H, Borodinov N, Ievlev AV, Ovchinnikova OS, Dixit R, Foston M. Correlated mechanochemical maps of Arabidopsis thaliana primary cell walls using atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e31. [PMID: 37077971 PMCID: PMC10095902 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spatial heterogeneity in composition and organisation of the primary cell wall affects the mechanics of cellular morphogenesis. However, directly correlating cell wall composition, organisation and mechanics has been challenging. To overcome this barrier, we applied atomic force microscopy coupled with infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy to generate spatially correlated maps of chemical and mechanical properties for paraformaldehyde-fixed, intact Arabidopsis thaliana epidermal cell walls. AFM-IR spectra were deconvoluted by non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) into a linear combination of IR spectral factors representing sets of chemical groups comprising different cell wall components. This approach enables quantification of chemical composition from IR spectral signatures and visualisation of chemical heterogeneity at nanometer resolution. Cross-correlation analysis of the spatial distribution of NMFs and mechanical properties suggests that the carbohydrate composition of cell wall junctions correlates with increased local stiffness. Together, our work establishes new methodology to use AFM-IR for the mechanochemical analysis of intact plant primary cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Bilkey
- Department of Biology, Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri63130, USA
| | - Huiyong Li
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri63130, USA
| | - Nikolay Borodinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, USA
| | - Anton V. Ievlev
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, USA
| | - Olga S. Ovchinnikova
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, USA
| | - Ram Dixit
- Department of Biology, Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri63130, USA
| | - Marcus Foston
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri63130, USA
- Author for correspondence: M. Foston, E-mail:
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BIDHENDI A, CHEBLI Y, GEITMANN A. Fluorescence visualization of cellulose and pectin in the primary plant cell wall. J Microsc 2020; 278:164-181. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.J. BIDHENDI
- Department of Plant ScienceMcGill UniversityMacdonald Campus Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue Québec Canada
| | - Y. CHEBLI
- Department of Plant ScienceMcGill UniversityMacdonald Campus Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue Québec Canada
| | - A. GEITMANN
- Department of Plant ScienceMcGill UniversityMacdonald Campus Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue Québec Canada
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Transcriptional Analysis of Masson Pine ( Pinus massoniana) under High CO 2 Stress. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100804. [PMID: 31614914 PMCID: PMC6826509 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the molecular mechanism of the response of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana), the main coniferous tree in southern China, to high CO2 stress, transcriptome sequencing was carried out to analyze the genome-wide responses of annual seedlings under different durations (0 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h) of high CO2 stress. The results showed that a total of 3080/1908, 3110/2115 and 2684/1483 genes were up-/down-regulated after 6 h, 12 h and 24 h of treatment, respectively, compared with control check group (CK, 0 h). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that most of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in energy metabolism, carbohydrate synthesis, cell wall precursor synthesis and hormone regulation pathways. For energy metabolism, the expression of most genes involved in photosynthesis (including the light reaction and Calvin cycle) was generally inhibited, while the expression of genes related glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and PPP pathway was up-regulated. In addition, the increase in the CO2 concentration induced the up-regulation of gene expression in the sucrose synthesis pathway. Among all starch synthesis genes, GBSS (granule-bound starch synthase) had the highest expression level. On the other hand, during the synthesis of hemicellulose and pectin (cell wall precursor substances), the expression levels of GMD (GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase), MGP (Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyl transferase) and RHM (Rhamnose biosynthetic enzyme) were the highest, suggesting that the synthesis of the raw materials hemicellulose and pectin in Masson pine under stress were mainly supplied by GDP-Man, GDP-Fuc and UDP-Rha. Finally, stress inhibited gene expression in the ABA (Abscisic Acid) synthesis pathway and induced gene expression in the GA (Gibberellin), SA (Salicylic acid), BR(Brassinolide) and MeJA (Methyl Jasmonate) pathways. Stomatal switches were regulated by hormonal interactions. This experiment elaborated on the response and molecular mechanism of Masson pine to CO2 stress and aided in screening carbon sequestration genes for the corresponding molecular research of Masson pine in the future.
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Voiniciuc C, Pauly M, Usadel B. Monitoring Polysaccharide Dynamics in the Plant Cell Wall. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2590-2600. [PMID: 29487120 PMCID: PMC5884611 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
New technologies reveal the deposition and remodeling of plant cell wall polysaccharides and their impact on plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Biology I, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Forschungszentum Jülich, IBG-2 Plant Sciences, 52428 Juelich, Germany
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Importin-β Directly Regulates the Motor Activity and Turnover of a Kinesin-4. Dev Cell 2018; 44:642-651.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bukowski N, Pandey JL, Doyle L, Richard TL, Anderson CT, Zhu Y. Development of a clickable designer monolignol for interrogation of lignification in plant cell walls. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:2189-96. [PMID: 25405515 DOI: 10.1021/bc500411u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant and essential polymer in land plants. It is a prime factor in the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass to agricultural and industrial end-uses such as forage, pulp and papermaking, and biofuels. To better understand lignification at the molecular level, we are developing a lignin spectroscopic and imaging toolbox on one "negligible" auxiliary. Toward that end, we describe the design, synthesis, and characterization of a new designer monolignol, 3-O-propargylcaffeyl alcohol, which contains a bioorthogonal alkynyl functional group at the 3-O-position. Importantly, our data indicate that this monolignol does not alter the fidelity of lignification. We demonstrate that the designer monolignol provides a platform for multiple spectroscopic and imaging approaches to reveal temporal and spatial details of lignification, the knowledge of which is critical to reap the potential of energy-rich renewable plant biomass for sustainable liquid fuels and other diverse economic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bukowski
- Department of Chemistry, Altoona College, The Pennsylvania State University , Altoona, Pennsylvania 16601, United States
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King M, Wagner A. Developments in the Field of Bioorthogonal Bond Forming Reactions—Past and Present Trends. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:825-39. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500028d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias King
- Laboratory of Functional
Chemo-Systems (UMR 7199), Labex Medalis, University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 74 Route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Alain Wagner
- Laboratory of Functional
Chemo-Systems (UMR 7199), Labex Medalis, University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 74 Route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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Bashline L, Lei L, Li S, Gu Y. Cell wall, cytoskeleton, and cell expansion in higher plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:586-600. [PMID: 24557922 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To accommodate two seemingly contradictory biological roles in plant physiology, providing both the rigid structural support of plant cells and the adjustable elasticity needed for cell expansion, the composition of the plant cell wall has evolved to become an intricate network of cellulosic, hemicellulosic, and pectic polysaccharides and protein. Due to its complexity, many aspects of the cell wall influence plant cell expansion, and many new and insightful observations and technologies are forthcoming. The biosynthesis of cell wall polymers and the roles of the variety of proteins involved in polysaccharide synthesis continue to be characterized. The interactions within the cell wall polymer network and the modification of these interactions provide insight into how the plant cell wall provides its dual function. The complex cell wall architecture is controlled and organized in part by the dynamic intracellular cytoskeleton and by diverse trafficking pathways of the cell wall polymers and cell wall-related machinery. Meanwhile, the cell wall is continually influenced by hormonal and integrity sensing stimuli that are perceived by the cell. These many processes cooperate to construct, maintain, and manipulate the intricate plant cell wall--an essential structure for the sustaining of the plant stature, growth, and life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Bashline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Mollet JC, Leroux C, Dardelle F, Lehner A. Cell Wall Composition, Biosynthesis and Remodeling during Pollen Tube Growth. PLANTS 2013; 2:107-47. [PMID: 27137369 PMCID: PMC4844286 DOI: 10.3390/plants2010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is a fast tip-growing cell carrying the two sperm cells to the ovule allowing the double fertilization process and seed setting. To succeed in this process, the spatial and temporal controls of pollen tube growth within the female organ are critical. It requires a massive cell wall deposition to promote fast pollen tube elongation and a tight control of the cell wall remodeling to modify the mechanical properties. In addition, during its journey, the pollen tube interacts with the pistil, which plays key roles in pollen tube nutrition, guidance and in the rejection of the self-incompatible pollen. This review focuses on our current knowledge in the biochemistry and localization of the main cell wall polymers including pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose and callose from several pollen tube species. Moreover, based on transcriptomic data and functional genomic studies, the possible enzymes involved in the cell wall remodeling during pollen tube growth and their impact on the cell wall mechanics are also described. Finally, mutant analyses have permitted to gain insight in the function of several genes involved in the pollen tube cell wall biosynthesis and their roles in pollen tube growth are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, IRIB, Normandy University, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Christelle Leroux
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, IRIB, Normandy University, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Flavien Dardelle
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, IRIB, Normandy University, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, IRIB, Normandy University, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
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