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Vulnerability of non-native invasive plants to novel pathogen attack: do plant traits matter? Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Saito H, Yamashita Y, Sakata N, Ishiga T, Shiraishi N, Usuki G, Nguyen VT, Yamamura E, Ishiga Y. Covering Soybean Leaves With Cellulose Nanofiber Changes Leaf Surface Hydrophobicity and Confers Resistance Against Phakopsora pachyrhizi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:726565. [PMID: 34539719 PMCID: PMC8448067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.726565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen, is the most devastating soybean production disease worldwide. Currently, timely fungicide application is the only means to control ASR in the field. We investigated cellulose nanofiber (CNF) application on ASR disease management. CNF-treated leaves showed reduced lesion number after P. pachyrhizi inoculation compared to control leaves, indicating that covering soybean leaves with CNF confers P. pachyrhizi resistance. We also demonstrated that formation of P. pachyrhizi appressoria, and also gene expression related to these formations, such as chitin synthases (CHSs), were significantly suppressed in CNF-treated soybean leaves compared to control leaves. Moreover, contact angle measurement revealed that CNF converts soybean leaf surface properties from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. These results suggest that CNF can change soybean leaf surface hydrophobicity, conferring resistance against P. pachyrhizi, based on the reduced expression of CHSs, as well as reduced formation of pre-infection structures. This is the first study to investigate CNF application to control field disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Saito
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamashita
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nanami Sakata
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takako Ishiga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nanami Shiraishi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Giyu Usuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Viet Tru Nguyen
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Western Highlands Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute, Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam
| | - Eiji Yamamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishiga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Guo J, Huang K, Cao R, Zhang J, Xu Y. Aliphatic extractive effects on acetic acid catalysis of typical agricultural residues to xylo-oligosaccharide and enzymatic hydrolyzability of cellulose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:97. [PMID: 33865437 PMCID: PMC8052792 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylo-oligosaccharide is the spotlight of functional sugar that improves the economic benefits of lignocellulose biorefinery. Acetic acid acidolysis technology provides a promising application for xylo-oligosaccharide commercial production, but it is restricted by the aliphatic (wax-like) compounds, which cover the outer and inner surfaces of plants. RESULTS We removed aliphatic compounds by extraction with two organic solvents. The benzene-ethanol extraction increased the yield of acidolyzed xylo-oligosaccharides of corncob, sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, and poplar sawdust by 14.79, 21.05, 16.68, and 7.26% while ethanol extraction increased it by 11.88, 17.43, 1.26, and 13.64%, respectively. CONCLUSION The single ethanol extraction was safer, more environmentally friendly, and more cost-effective than benzene-ethanol solvent. In short, organic solvent extraction provided a promising auxiliary method for the selective acidolysis of herbaceous xylan to xylo-oligosaccharides, while it had minimal impact on woody poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Rou Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Panstruga R, Moscou MJ. What is the Molecular Basis of Nonhost Resistance? MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1253-1264. [PMID: 32808862 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-20-0161-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of the Top 10 Unanswered Questions in MPMI invited review series.Nonhost resistance is typically considered the ability of a plant species to repel all attempts of a pathogen species to colonize it and reproduce on it. Based on this common definition, nonhost resistance is presumed to be very durable and, thus, of great interest for its potential use in agriculture. Despite considerable research efforts, the molecular basis of this type of plant immunity remains nebulous. We here stress the fact that "nonhost resistance" is a phenomenological rather than a mechanistic concept that comprises more facets than typically considered. We further argue that nonhost resistance essentially relies on the very same genes and pathways as other types of plant immunity, of which some may act as bottlenecks for particular pathogens on a given plant species or under certain conditions. Thus, in our view, the frequently used term "nonhost genes" is misleading and should be avoided. Depending on the plant-pathogen combination, nonhost resistance may involve the recognition of pathogen effectors by host immune sensor proteins, which might give rise to host shifts or host range expansions due to evolutionary-conditioned gains and losses in respective armories. Thus, the extent of nonhost resistance also defines pathogen host ranges. In some instances, immune-related genes can be transferred across plant species to boost defense, resulting in augmented disease resistance. We discuss future routes for deepening our understanding of nonhost resistance and argue that the confusing term "nonhost resistance" should be used more cautiously in the light of a holistic view of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Panstruga
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Worringer Weg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthew J Moscou
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, United Kingdom
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Martins D, Araújo SDS, Rubiales D, Vaz Patto MC. Legume Crops and Biotrophic Pathogen Interactions: A Continuous Cross-Talk of a Multilayered Array of Defense Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1460. [PMID: 33137969 PMCID: PMC7692723 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Legume species are recognized for their nutritional benefits and contribution to the sustainability of agricultural systems. However, their production is threatened by biotic constraints with devastating impacts on crop yield. A deep understanding of the molecular and genetic architecture of resistance sources culminating in immunity is critical to assist new biotechnological approaches for plant protection. In this review, the current knowledge regarding the major plant immune system components of grain and forage legumes challenged with obligate airborne biotrophic fungi will be comprehensively evaluated and discussed while identifying future directions of research. To achieve this, we will address the multi-layered defense strategies deployed by legume crops at the biochemical, molecular, and physiological levels, leading to rapid pathogen recognition and carrying the necessary information to sub-cellular components, on-setting a dynamic and organized defense. Emphasis will be given to recent approaches such as the identification of critical components of host decentralized immune response negatively regulated by pathogens while targeting the loss-of-function of susceptibility genes. We conclude that advances in gene expression analysis in both host and pathogen, protocols for effectoromics pipelines, and high-throughput disease phenomics platforms are rapidly leading to a deeper understanding of the intricate host-pathogen interaction, crucial for efficient disease resistance breeding initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologia António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.d.S.A.); (M.C.V.P.)
| | - Susana de Sousa Araújo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologia António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.d.S.A.); (M.C.V.P.)
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição, 2, Lagares, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologia António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.d.S.A.); (M.C.V.P.)
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Lewandowska M, Keyl A, Feussner I. Wax biosynthesis in response to danger: its regulation upon abiotic and biotic stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:698-713. [PMID: 32242934 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant cuticle is the first physical barrier between land plants and their terrestrial environment. It consists of the polyester scaffold cutin embedded and sealed with organic, solvent-extractable cuticular waxes. Cuticular wax ultrastructure and chemical composition differ with plant species, developmental stage and physiological state. Despite this complexity, cuticular wax consistently serves a critical role in restricting nonstomatal water loss. It also protects the plant against other environmental stresses, including desiccation, UV radiation, microorganisms and insects. Within the broader context of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, our knowledge of the explicit roles of wax crystalline structures and chemical compounds is lacking. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of wax biosynthesis and regulation in relation to abiotic and biotic stresses and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Lewandowska
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alisa Keyl
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
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Kankanala P, Nandety RS, Mysore KS. Genomics of Plant Disease Resistance in Legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1345. [PMID: 31749817 PMCID: PMC6842968 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The constant interactions between plants and pathogens in the environment and the resulting outcomes are of significant importance for agriculture and agricultural scientists. Disease resistance genes in plant cultivars can break down in the field due to the evolution of pathogens under high selection pressure. Thus, the protection of crop plants against pathogens is a continuous arms race. Like any other type of crop plant, legumes are susceptible to many pathogens. The dawn of the genomic era, in which high-throughput and cost-effective genomic tools have become available, has revolutionized our understanding of the complex interactions between legumes and pathogens. Genomic tools have enabled a global view of transcriptome changes during these interactions, from which several key players in both the resistant and susceptible interactions have been identified. This review summarizes some of the large-scale genomic studies that have clarified the host transcriptional changes during interactions between legumes and their plant pathogens while highlighting some of the molecular breeding tools that are available to introgress the traits into breeding programs. These studies provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of different levels of host defenses in resistant and susceptible interactions.
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de Oliveira TB, de Azevedo Peixoto L, Teodoro PE, de Alvarenga AA, Bhering LL, Campo CBH. The number of measurements needed to obtain high reliability for traits related to enzymatic activities and photosynthetic compounds in soybean plants infected with Phakopsora pachyrhizi. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192189. [PMID: 29438380 PMCID: PMC5811010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asian rust affects the physiology of soybean plants and causes losses in yield. Repeatability coefficients may help breeders to know how many measurements are needed to obtain a suitable reliability for a target trait. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the repeatability coefficients of 14 traits in soybean plants inoculated with Phakopsora pachyrhizi and to establish the minimum number of measurements needed to predict the breeding value with high accuracy. Experiments were performed in a 3x2 factorial arrangement with three treatments and two inoculations in a random block design. Repeatability coefficients, coefficients of determination and number of measurements needed to obtain a certain reliability were estimated using ANOVA, principal component analysis based on the covariance matrix and the correlation matrix, structural analysis and mixed model. It was observed that the principal component analysis based on the covariance matrix out-performed other methods for almost all traits. Significant differences were observed for all traits except internal CO2 concentration for the treatment effects. For the measurement effects, all traits were significantly different. In addition, significant differences were found for all Treatment x Measurement interaction traits except coumestrol, chitinase and chlorophyll content. Six measurements were suitable to obtain a coefficient of determination higher than 0.7 for all traits based on principal component analysis. The information obtained from this research will help breeders and physiologists determine exactly how many measurements are needed to evaluate each trait in soybean plants infected by P. pachyrhizi with a desirable reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Clara Beatriz Hoffmann Campo
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), National Soybean Research Center. Rodovia Carlos João Strass, Access Orlando Amaral Warta, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Florez JC, Mofatto LS, do Livramento Freitas-Lopes R, Ferreira SS, Zambolim EM, Carazzolle MF, Zambolim L, Caixeta ET. High throughput transcriptome analysis of coffee reveals prehaustorial resistance in response to Hemileia vastatrix infection. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:607-623. [PMID: 29094279 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We provide a transcriptional profile of coffee rust interaction and identified putative up regulated resistant genes Coffee rust disease, caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is one of the major diseases in coffee throughout the world. The use of resistant cultivars is considered to be the most effective control strategy for this disease. To identify candidate genes related to different mechanism defense in coffee, we present a time-course comparative gene expression profile of Caturra (susceptible) and Híbrido de Timor (HdT, resistant) in response to H. vastatrix race XXXIII infection. The main objectives were to obtain a global overview of transcriptome in both interaction, compatible and incompatible, and, specially, analyze up-regulated HdT specific genes with inducible resistant and defense signaling pathways. Using both Coffea canephora as a reference genome and de novo assembly, we obtained 43,159 transcripts. At early infection events (12 and 24 h after infection), HdT responded to the attack of H. vastatrix with a larger number of up-regulated genes than Caturra, which was related to prehaustorial resistance. The genes found in HdT at early hours were involved in receptor-like kinases, response ion fluxes, production of reactive oxygen species, protein phosphorylation, ethylene biosynthesis and callose deposition. We selected 13 up-regulated HdT-exclusive genes to validate by real-time qPCR, which most of them confirmed their higher expression in HdT than in Caturra at early stage of infection. These genes have the potential to assist the development of new coffee rust control strategies. Collectively, our results provide understanding of expression profiles in coffee-H. vastatrix interaction over a time course in susceptible and resistant coffee plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Florez
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), BioCafé, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Souto Mofatto
- Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Distrito de Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rejane do Livramento Freitas-Lopes
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), BioCafé, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Sávio Siqueira Ferreira
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), BioCafé, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Eunize Maciel Zambolim
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), BioCafé, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Falsarella Carazzolle
- Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Distrito de Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Laércio Zambolim
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Eveline Teixeira Caixeta
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), BioCafé, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
- Embrapa Café, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Chettri P, Bradshaw RE. LaeA negatively regulates dothistromin production in the pine needle pathogen Dothistroma septosporum. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 97:24-32. [PMID: 27818262 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In filamentous fungi both pathway-specific and global regulators regulate genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. LaeA is a global regulator that was named for its mutant phenotype, loss of aflR expression, due to its effect on the aflatoxin-pathway regulator AflR in Aspergillus spp. The pine needle pathogen Dothistroma septosporum produces a polyketide virulence factor, dothistromin, that is chemically related to aflatoxin and whose pathway genes are also regulated by an ortholog of AflR. However, dothistromin biosynthesis is distinctive because it is switched on during early (rather than late) exponential growth phase and the genes are dispersed in six loci across one chromosome instead of being clustered. It was therefore of interest to determine whether the function of the global regulator LaeA is conserved in D. septosporum. To address this question, a LaeA ortholog (DsLaeA) was identified and its function analyzed in D. septosporum. In contrast to aflatoxin production in Aspergillus spp., deletion of DsLaeA resulted in enhanced dothistromin production and increased expression of the pathway regulatory gene DsAflR. Although expression of other putative secondary metabolite genes in D. septosporum showed a range of different responses to loss of DsLaeA function, thin layer chromatography revealed increased levels of a previously unknown metabolite in DsLaeA mutants. In addition, these mutants exhibited reduced asexual sporulation, germination and hydrophobicity. Our data suggest that although the developmental regulatory role of DsLaeA is conserved, its role in the regulation of secondary metabolism differs from that of LaeA in A. nidulans and appears to be species specific. This study provides a step towards understanding fundamental differences in regulation of clustered and fragmented groups of secondary metabolite genes that may shed light on understanding functional adaptation in secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Chettri
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Rosie E Bradshaw
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
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Langenbach C, Campe R, Beyer SF, Mueller AN, Conrath U. Fighting Asian Soybean Rust. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:797. [PMID: 27375652 PMCID: PMC4894884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phakopsora pachyrhizi is a biotrophic fungus provoking SBR disease. SBR poses a major threat to global soybean production. Though several R genes provided soybean immunity to certain P. pachyrhizi races, the pathogen swiftly overcame this resistance. Therefore, fungicides are the only current means to control SBR. However, insensitivity to fungicides is soaring in P. pachyrhizi and, therefore, alternative measures are needed for SBR control. In this article, we discuss the different approaches for fighting SBR and their potential, disadvantages, and advantages over other measures. These encompass conventional breeding for SBR resistance, transgenic approaches, exploitation of transcription factors, secondary metabolites, and antimicrobial peptides, RNAi/HIGS, and biocontrol strategies. It seems that an integrating approach exploiting different measures is likely to provide the best possible means for the effective control of SBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Langenbach
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Campe
- BASF Plant Science Company GmbHLimburgerhof, Germany
| | | | - André N. Mueller
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Conrath
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
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Chetouhi C, Bonhomme L, Lasserre-Zuber P, Cambon F, Pelletier S, Renou JP, Langin T. Transcriptome dynamics of a susceptible wheat upon Fusarium head blight reveals that molecular responses to Fusarium graminearum infection fit over the grain development processes. Funct Integr Genomics 2016. [PMID: 26797431 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0476-471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
In many plant/pathogen interactions, host susceptibility factors are key determinants of disease development promoting pathogen growth and spreading in plant tissues. In the Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease, the molecular basis of wheat susceptibility is still poorly understood while it could provide new insights into the understanding of the wheat/Fusarium graminearum (Fg) interaction and guide future breeding programs to produce cultivars with sustainable resistance. To identify the wheat grain candidate genes, a genome-wide gene expression profiling was performed in the French susceptible wheat cultivar, Recital. Gene-specific two-way ANOVA of about 40 K transcripts at five grain developmental stages identified 1309 differentially expressed genes. Out of these, 536 were impacted by the Fg effect alone. Most of these Fg-responsive genes belonged to biological and molecular functions related to biotic and abiotic stresses indicating the activation of common stress pathways during susceptibility response of wheat grain to FHB. This analysis revealed also 773 other genes displaying either specific Fg-responsive profiles along with grain development stages or synergistic adjustments with the grain development effect. These genes were involved in various molecular pathways including primary metabolism, cell death, and gene expression reprogramming. An increasingly complex host response was revealed, as was the impact of both Fg infection and grain ontogeny on the transcription of wheat genes. This analysis provides a wealth of candidate genes and pathways involved in susceptibility responses to FHB and depicts new clues to the understanding of the susceptibility determinism in plant/pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherif Chetouhi
- INRA, UMR1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France
- Université Blaise Pascal, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- INRA, UMR1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France.
- Université Blaise Pascal, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France.
| | - Pauline Lasserre-Zuber
- INRA, UMR1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France
- Université Blaise Pascal, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France
| | - Florence Cambon
- INRA, UMR1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France
- Université Blaise Pascal, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- INRA, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, F-49071, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Renou
- INRA, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, F-49071, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- INRA, UMR1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France.
- Université Blaise Pascal, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France.
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Chetouhi C, Bonhomme L, Lasserre-Zuber P, Cambon F, Pelletier S, Renou JP, Langin T. Transcriptome dynamics of a susceptible wheat upon Fusarium head blight reveals that molecular responses to Fusarium graminearum infection fit over the grain development processes. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:183-201. [PMID: 26797431 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In many plant/pathogen interactions, host susceptibility factors are key determinants of disease development promoting pathogen growth and spreading in plant tissues. In the Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease, the molecular basis of wheat susceptibility is still poorly understood while it could provide new insights into the understanding of the wheat/Fusarium graminearum (Fg) interaction and guide future breeding programs to produce cultivars with sustainable resistance. To identify the wheat grain candidate genes, a genome-wide gene expression profiling was performed in the French susceptible wheat cultivar, Recital. Gene-specific two-way ANOVA of about 40 K transcripts at five grain developmental stages identified 1309 differentially expressed genes. Out of these, 536 were impacted by the Fg effect alone. Most of these Fg-responsive genes belonged to biological and molecular functions related to biotic and abiotic stresses indicating the activation of common stress pathways during susceptibility response of wheat grain to FHB. This analysis revealed also 773 other genes displaying either specific Fg-responsive profiles along with grain development stages or synergistic adjustments with the grain development effect. These genes were involved in various molecular pathways including primary metabolism, cell death, and gene expression reprogramming. An increasingly complex host response was revealed, as was the impact of both Fg infection and grain ontogeny on the transcription of wheat genes. This analysis provides a wealth of candidate genes and pathways involved in susceptibility responses to FHB and depicts new clues to the understanding of the susceptibility determinism in plant/pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherif Chetouhi
- INRA, UMR1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France.,Université Blaise Pascal, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- INRA, UMR1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France. .,Université Blaise Pascal, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France.
| | - Pauline Lasserre-Zuber
- INRA, UMR1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France.,Université Blaise Pascal, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France
| | - Florence Cambon
- INRA, UMR1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France.,Université Blaise Pascal, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- INRA, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, F-49071, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Renou
- INRA, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, F-49071, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- INRA, UMR1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France. .,Université Blaise Pascal, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France.
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14
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Bettgenhaeuser J, Gilbert B, Ayliffe M, Moscou MJ. Nonhost resistance to rust pathogens - a continuation of continua. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:664. [PMID: 25566270 PMCID: PMC4263244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The rust fungi (order: Pucciniales) are a group of widely distributed fungal plant pathogens, which can infect representatives of all vascular plant groups. Rust diseases significantly impact several crop species and considerable research focuses on understanding the basis of host specificity and nonhost resistance. Like many pathogens, rust fungi vary considerably in the number of hosts they can infect, such as wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina), which can only infect species in the genera Triticum and Aegilops, whereas Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) is known to infect over 95 species from over 42 genera. A greater understanding of the genetic basis determining host range has the potential to identify sources of durable resistance for agronomically important crops. Delimiting the boundary between host and nonhost has been complicated by the quantitative nature of phenotypes in the transition between these two states. Plant-pathogen interactions in this intermediate state are characterized either by (1) the majority of accessions of a species being resistant to the rust or (2) the rust only being able to partially complete key components of its life cycle. This leads to a continuum of disease phenotypes in the interaction with different plant species, observed as a range from compatibility (host) to complete immunity within a species (nonhost). In this review we will highlight how the quantitative nature of disease resistance in these intermediate interactions is caused by a continuum of defense barriers, which a pathogen needs to overcome for successfully establishing itself in the host. To illustrate continua as this underlying principle, we will discuss the advances that have been made in studying nonhost resistance towards rust pathogens, particularly cereal rust pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Gilbert
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture FlagshipCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael Ayliffe
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture FlagshipCanberra, ACT, Australia
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