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Huang LK, Liao YY, Lin WH, Lin SM, Liu TY, Lee CH, Pan RL. Potassium Stimulation of IAA Transport Mediated by the Arabidopsis Importer AUX1 Investigated in a Heterologous Yeast System. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:183-194. [PMID: 31053903 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Auxin regulates diverse processes involved in plant growth and development. AUX1 is the first identified and most widely investigated auxin importer, and plays an important role in root gravitropism and the development of lateral root and root hair. However, the regulation of auxin transport by AUX1 is still not well understood. In this study, we examined the effect of metal ions on AUX1 transport function and found that the activity could be specifically stimulated four times by K+. Further experiments revealed the preference of KF on the enhancement of transport activity of AUX1 over KCl, KBr, and KI. In addition, the interaction between K+ and AUX1 confers AUX1 more resistant to thermal stress but more vulnerable to proteolysis. Conventional chemical modification indicated that the extracellular acidic amino acids of AUX1 play a key role in the K+ stimulation. Site-specific mutagenesis showed that the replacement of Asp166, Asp293, and Asp312 of AUX1 to alanine deteriorated the K+-stimulated auxin transport. By contrast, when these residues were mutated to glutamate, lysine, or asparagine, only the D312E variant restored the IAA transport activity to the wild-type level. It is thus convinced that D312 is presumably the most promising residue for the K+ stimulation on AUX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd. East Dist., Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Yun Liao
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd. East Dist., Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd. East Dist., Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Ming Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Yin Liu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd. East Dist., Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd. East Dist., Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Rong-Long Pan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd. East Dist., Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Lymperopoulos P, Msanne J, Rabara R. Phytochrome and Phytohormones: Working in Tandem for Plant Growth and Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1037. [PMID: 30100912 PMCID: PMC6072860 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Being sessile organisms, plants need to continually adapt and modulate their rate of growth and development in accordance with the changing environmental conditions, a phenomenon referred to as plasticity. Plasticity in plants is a highly complex process that involves a well-coordinated interaction between different signaling pathways, the spatiotemporal involvement of phytohormones and cues from the environment. Though research studies are being carried out over the years to understand how plants perceive the signals from changing environmental conditions and activate plasticity, such remain a mystery to be resolved. Among all environmental cues, the light seems to be the stand out factor influencing plant growth and development. During the course of evolution, plants have developed well-equipped signaling system that enables regulation of both quantitative and qualitative differences in the amount of perceived light. Light influences essential developmental switches in plants ranging from germination or transition to flowering, photomorphogenesis, as well as switches in response to shade avoidances and architectural changes occurring during phototropism. Abscisic acid (ABA) is controlling seed germination and is regulated by light. Furthermore, circadian clock adds another level of regulation to plant growth by integrating light signals with different hormonal pathways. MYB96 has been identified as a regulator of circadian gating of ABA-mediated responses in plants by binding to the TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1(TOC1) promoter. This review will present a representative regulatory model, highlight the successes achieved in employing novel strategies to dissect the levels of interaction and provide perspective for future research on phytochrome-phytohormones relationships toward facilitating plant growth, development, and function under abiotic-biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Msanne
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Roel Rabara
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
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Zhan Y, Qu Y, Zhu L, Shen C, Feng X, Yu C. Transcriptome analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) shoots reveals a crosstalk between auxin and strigolactone. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201124. [PMID: 30044859 PMCID: PMC6059464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin and strigolactone (SL) are two important phytohormones involved in shoot branching and morphology. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), a member of the Solanaceae family, is one of the most popular food crops with high economic value in the world. To seek a better understanding of the responses to exogenous hormones, transcriptome analyses of the tomato shoots treated with exogenous auxin and SL, separately or together, were performed. A total of 2326, 260 and 1379 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under the IAA, GR24 and IAA+GR24 treatments, respectively. Network analysis pointed out two enriched interaction clusters, including “ethylene biosynthesis” and “photosynthesis”. Several ethylene biosynthesis and metabolism-related genes were up-regulated under both IAA and IAA+GR24 treatments, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis. Besides, auxin-SLs-triggered the expression of several CAB genes may lead to systemic increases in the induction of photosynthesis. Several auxin-activated metabolic pathways could be reduced by the GR24 treatment, indicated that the crosstalk between auxin and SLs may be involved in the metabolic regulation of tomato. Further analysis showed that SLs affect the responses of tomato shoots to auxin by inducing the expression of a series of auxin downstream genes. On the other hand, auxin regulated the biosynthesis of SLs by affecting the genes in the “Carotenoid biosynthesis” pathway. Our data will give us an opportunity to reveal the crosstalk between auxin and SLs in the shoots of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinchao Qu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longjing Zhu
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuping Feng
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XF); (CY)
| | - Chenliang Yu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XF); (CY)
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Mawphlang OIL, Kharshiing EV. Photoreceptor Mediated Plant Growth Responses: Implications for Photoreceptor Engineering toward Improved Performance in Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1181. [PMID: 28744290 PMCID: PMC5504655 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures during growing seasons coupled with altered precipitation rates presents a challenging task of improving crop productivity for overcoming such altered weather patterns and cater to a growing population. Light is a critical environmental factor that exerts a powerful influence on plant growth and development ranging from seed germination to flowering and fruiting. Higher plants utilize a suite of complex photoreceptor proteins to perceive surrounding red/far-red (phytochromes), blue/UV-A (cryptochromes, phototropins, ZTL/FKF1/LKP2), and UV-B light (UVR8). While genomic studies have also shown that light induces extensive reprogramming of gene expression patterns in plants, molecular genetic studies have shown that manipulation of one or more photoreceptors can result in modification of agronomically beneficial traits. Such information can assist researchers to engineer photoreceptors via genome editing technologies to alter expression or even sensitivity thresholds of native photoreceptors for targeting aspects of plant growth that can confer superior agronomic value to the engineered crops. Here we summarize the agronomically important plant growth processes influenced by photoreceptors in crop species, alongwith the functional interactions between different photoreceptors and phytohormones in regulating these responses. We also discuss the potential utility of synthetic biology approaches in photobiology for improving agronomically beneficial traits of crop plants by engineering designer photoreceptors.
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Mounet F, Moing A, Kowalczyk M, Rohrmann J, Petit J, Garcia V, Maucourt M, Yano K, Deborde C, Aoki K, Bergès H, Granell A, Fernie AR, Bellini C, Rothan C, Lemaire-Chamley M. Down-regulation of a single auxin efflux transport protein in tomato induces precocious fruit development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:4901-17. [PMID: 22844095 PMCID: PMC3427993 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transport protein family has been well characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, where these proteins are crucial for auxin regulation of various aspects of plant development. Recent evidence indicates that PIN proteins may play a role in fruit set and early fruit development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), but functional analyses of PIN-silenced plants failed to corroborate this hypothesis. Here it is demonstrated that silencing specifically the tomato SlPIN4 gene, which is predominantly expressed in tomato flower bud and young developing fruit, leads to parthenocarpic fruits due to precocious fruit development before fertilization. This phenotype was associated with only slight modifications of auxin homeostasis at early stages of flower bud development and with minor alterations of ARF and Aux/IAA gene expression. However, microarray transcriptome analysis and large-scale quantitative RT-PCR profiling of transcription factors in developing flower bud and fruit highlighted differentially expressed regulatory genes, which are potential targets for auxin control of fruit set and development in tomato. In conclusion, this work provides clear evidence that the tomato PIN protein SlPIN4 plays a major role in auxin regulation of tomato fruit set, possibly by preventing precocious fruit development in the absence of pollination, and further gives new insights into the target genes involved in fruit set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Mounet
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- Present address: UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences VégétalesF-31326 Castanet TolosanFrance
| | - Annick Moing
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, IBVM, Centre INRA de BordeauxF-33140Villenave d’OrnonFrance
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå UniversitySE-90187 UmeåSweden
- Present address: Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality24100 PulawyPoland
| | - Johannes Rohrmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-GolmGermany
| | - Johann Petit
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
| | - Virginie Garcia
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, IBVM, Centre INRA de BordeauxF-33140Villenave d’OrnonFrance
| | - Kentaro Yano
- Meiji University1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571Japan
| | - Catherine Deborde
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, IBVM, Centre INRA de BordeauxF-33140Villenave d’OrnonFrance
| | - Koh Aoki
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, KisarazuJapan
- Present address: Osaka Prefecture University, Environmental and Life Sciences, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, SakaiOsaka 599-8531Japan
| | - Hélène Bergès
- INRA-Centre National de Ressources Génomiques VégétalesF-31326 Castanet TolosanFrance
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC46022 ValenciaSpain
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-GolmGermany
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå UniversitySE-90187 UmeåSweden
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318-INRA-AgroParisTech, INRA Centre of Versailles-GrignonF-78026 Versailles cedexFrance
| | - Christophe Rothan
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
| | - Martine Lemaire-Chamley
- INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du fruit et PathologieF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Santisree P, Nongmaithem S, Sreelakshmi Y, Ivanchenko M, Sharma R. The root as a drill: an ethylene-auxin interaction facilitates root penetration in soil. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:151-6. [PMID: 22415043 PMCID: PMC3405696 DOI: 10.4161/psb.18936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots forage the soil for water and nutrients and overcome the soil's physical compactness. Roots are endowed with a mechanism that allows them to penetrate and grow in dense media such as soil. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still poorly understood. The nature of the media in which roots grow adds to the difficulty to in situ analyze the mechanisms underlying root penetration. Inhibition of ethylene perception by application of 1-methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP) to tomato seedlings nearly abolished the root penetration in Soilrite. The reversal of this process by auxin indicated operation of an auxin-ethylene signaling pathway in the regulation of root penetration. The tomato pct1-2 mutant that exhibits an enhanced polar transport of auxin required higher doses of 1-MCP to inhibit root penetration, indicating a pivotal role of auxin transport in this process. In this update we provide a brief review of our current understanding of molecular processes underlying root penetration in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Ivanchenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology; Oregon State University; Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Rameshwar Sharma
- School of Life Sciences; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad, India
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