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Zhou T, Hua Y, Yue C, Huang J, Zhang Z. Physiologic, metabolomic, and genomic investigations reveal distinct glutamine and mannose metabolism responses to ammonium toxicity in allotetraploid rapeseed genotypes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110963. [PMID: 34315588 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) toxicity has become a serious ecological and agricultural issue owing to increasing soil nitrogen inputs and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. There is accumulating evidence for the mechanisms underlying NH4+-tolerance in rice and Arabidopsis, but similar knowledge for dryland crops is currently limited. We investigated the responses of a natural population of allotetraploid rapeseed to NH4+ and nitrate (NO3-) and screened one NH4+-tolerant genotype (T5) and one NH4+-sensitive genotype (S211). Determination of the shoot and root NH4+ concentrations showed that levels were higher in S211 than in T5. 15NH4+ uptake assays, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity quantification, and relative gene transcriptional analysis indicated that the significantly higher GS activity observed in T5 roots than that in S211 was the main reason for its NH4+-tolerance. In-depth metabolomic analysis verified that Gln metabolism plays an important role in rapeseed NH4+-tolerance. Furthermore, adaptive changes in carbon metabolism were much more active in T5 shoots than in S211. Interestingly, we found that N-glycosylation pathway was significantly induced by NH4+, especially the mannose metabolism, which concentration was 2.75-fold higher in T5 shoots than in S211 with NH4+ treatment, indicating that mannose may be a metabolomic marker which also confers physiological adaptations for NH4+ tolerance in rapeseed. The corresponding amino acid and soluble sugar concentrations and gene expression in T5 and S211 were consistent with these results. Genomic sequencing identified variations in the GLN (encoding GS) and GMP1 (encoding the enzyme that provides GDP-mannose) gene families between the T5 and S211 lines. These genes will be utilized as candidate genes for future investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying NH4+ tolerance in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yingpeng Hua
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Caipeng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jinyong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 430128, PR China.
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Li B, Li G, Kronzucker HJ, Baluška F, Shi W. Ammonium stress in Arabidopsis: signaling, genetic loci, and physiological targets. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:107-14. [PMID: 24126103 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4(+)) toxicity is a significant ecological and agricultural issue, and an important phenomenon in cell biology. As a result of increasing soil nitrogen input and atmospheric deposition, plants have to deal with unprecedented NH4(+) stress from sources below and above ground. In this review, we describe recent advances in elucidating the signaling pathways and identifying the main physiological targets and genetic loci involved in the effects of NH4(+) stress in the roots and shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana. We outline new experimental approaches that are being used to study NH4(+) toxicity in Arabidopsis and propose an integrated view of behavior and signaling in response to NH4(+) stress in the Arabidopsis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Zou N, Li B, Chen H, Su Y, Kronzucker HJ, Xiong L, Baluška F, Shi W. GSA-1/ARG1 protects root gravitropism in Arabidopsis under ammonium stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:97-111. [PMID: 23782229 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gravitropism plays a critical role in plant growth and development, plant stability and acclimation to changes in water and nutrient availability. Ammonium (NH4(+)) is well known to have profound effects on root growth, but its impacts on gravitropism are poorly understood. To determine which genes are essential for the maintenance of root gravitropism under NH4(+) stress, we isolated and identified an NH4 (+)-sensitive mutant, gsa-1 (gravitropism sensitive to ammonium-1), in Arabidopsis thaliana, using an agar plate root reorientation assay. We found that, under NH4(+) stress, gsa-1 displayed increased loss of root gravitropism. Gene cloning and sequencing revealed that gsa-1 contains a G to C transversion mutation at the highly conserved 5'-GT splice position of intron 10 of ARG1 (ALTERED RESPONSE TO GRAVITY1), known to participate in the transduction of the root gravity signal. Genetic complement tests established the locus of GSA-1/ARG1 and its role in resistance to NH4 (+) inhibition on root gravitropism. GSA-1/ARG1 is required for normal AUX1 expression and basipetal auxin transport in root apices. In addition, PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) is proposed as a target in the reduction of root gravitropism under NH4(+) stress, a response which can be antagonized by the GSA-1/ARG1-dependent pathway. These results suggest that GSA-1/ARG1 protects root gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana under ammonium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zou
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Baohai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Yanhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Liming Xiong
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Li G, Li B, Dong G, Feng X, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W. Ammonium-induced shoot ethylene production is associated with the inhibition of lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:1413-1425. [PMID: 23382554 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Foliar NH4(+) exposure is linked to inhibition of lateral root (LR) formation. Here, the role of shoot ethylene in NH4(+)-induced inhibition of LR formation in Arabidopsis was investigated using wild-type and mutant lines that show either blocked ethylene signalling (etr1) or enhanced ethylene synthesis (eto1, xbat32). NH4(+) exposure of wild-type Arabidopsis led to pronounced inhibition of LR production chiefly in the distal root, and triggered ethylene evolution and enhanced activity of the ethylene reporter EBS:GUS in the shoot. It is shown that shoot contact with NH4(+) is necessary to stimulate shoot ethylene evolution. The ethylene antagonists Ag(+) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) mitigated LR inhibition under NH4(+) treatment. The decrease in LR production was significantly greater for eto1-1 and xbat32 and significantly less for etr1-3. Enhanced shoot ethylene synthesis/signalling blocked recovery of LR production when auxin was applied in the presence of NH4(+) and negatively impacted shoot AUX1 expression. The findings highlight the important role of shoot ethylene evolution in NH4(+)-mediated inhibition of LR formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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Li B, Li Q, Xiong L, Kronzucker HJ, Krämer U, Shi W. Arabidopsis plastid AMOS1/EGY1 integrates abscisic acid signaling to regulate global gene expression response to ammonium stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:2040-51. [PMID: 23064408 PMCID: PMC3510130 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.206508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH(4)(+)) is a ubiquitous intermediate of nitrogen metabolism but is notorious for its toxic effects on most organisms. Extensive studies of the underlying mechanisms of NH(4)(+) toxicity have been reported in plants, but it is poorly understood how plants acclimate to high levels of NH(4)(+). Here, we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, ammonium overly sensitive1 (amos1), that displays severe chlorosis under NH(4)(+) stress. Map-based cloning shows amos1 to carry a mutation in EGY1 (for ethylene-dependent, gravitropism-deficient, and yellow-green-like protein1), which encodes a plastid metalloprotease. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that among the genes activated in response to NH(4)(+), 90% are regulated dependent on AMOS1/EGY1. Furthermore, 63% of AMOS1/EGY1-dependent NH(4)(+)-activated genes contain an ACGTG motif in their promoter region, a core motif of abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive elements. Consistent with this, our physiological, pharmacological, transcriptomic, and genetic data show that ABA signaling is a critical, but not the sole, downstream component of the AMOS1/EGY1-dependent pathway that regulates the expression of NH(4)(+)-responsive genes and maintains chloroplast functionality under NH(4)(+) stress. Importantly, abi4 mutants defective in ABA-dependent and retrograde signaling, but not ABA-deficient mutants, mimic leaf NH(4)(+) hypersensitivity of amos1. In summary, our findings suggest that an NH(4)(+)-responsive plastid retrograde pathway, which depends on AMOS1/EGY1 function and integrates with ABA signaling, is required for the regulation of expression of NH(4)(+)-responsive genes that maintain chloroplast integrity in the presence of high NH(4)(+) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China (B.L., Q.L., W.S.); Plant Stress Genomics Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Saudi Arabia (L.X.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4 (H.J.K.); and Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, D–44801 Bochum, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China (B.L., Q.L., W.S.); Plant Stress Genomics Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Saudi Arabia (L.X.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4 (H.J.K.); and Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, D–44801 Bochum, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Liming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China (B.L., Q.L., W.S.); Plant Stress Genomics Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Saudi Arabia (L.X.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4 (H.J.K.); and Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, D–44801 Bochum, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Herbert J. Kronzucker
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China (B.L., Q.L., W.S.); Plant Stress Genomics Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Saudi Arabia (L.X.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4 (H.J.K.); and Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, D–44801 Bochum, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Ute Krämer
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China (B.L., Q.L., W.S.); Plant Stress Genomics Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Saudi Arabia (L.X.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4 (H.J.K.); and Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, D–44801 Bochum, Germany (U.K.)
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China (B.L., Q.L., W.S.); Plant Stress Genomics Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955–6900, Saudi Arabia (L.X.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4 (H.J.K.); and Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, D–44801 Bochum, Germany (U.K.)
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Zou N, Li B, Dong G, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W. Ammonium-induced loss of root gravitropism is related to auxin distribution and TRH1 function, and is uncoupled from the inhibition of root elongation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:3777-88. [PMID: 22407650 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Root gravitropism is affected by many environmental stresses, including salinity, drought, and nutrient deficiency. One significant environmental stress, excess ammonium (NH(4)(+)), is well documented to inhibit root elongation and lateral root formation, yet little is known about its effects on the direction of root growth. We show here that inhibition of root elongation upon elevation of external NH(4)(+) is accompanied by a loss in root gravitropism (agravitropism) in Arabidopsis. Addition of potassium (K(+)) to the treatment medium partially rescued the inhibition of root elongation by high NH(4)(+) but did not improve gravitropic root curvature. Expression analysis of the auxin-responsive reporter gene DR5::GUS revealed that NH(4)(+) treatment delayed the development of gravity-induced auxin gradients across the root cap but extended their duration once initiated. Moreover, the β-glucuronidase (GUS) signal intensity in root tip cells was significantly reduced under high NH(4)(+) treatment over time. The potassium carrier mutant trh1 displayed different patterns of root gravitropism and DR5::GUS signal intensity in root apex cells compared with the wild type in response to NH(4)(+). Together, the results demonstrate that the effects of NH(4)(+) on root gravitropism are related to delayed lateral auxin redistribution and the TRH1 pathway, and are largely independent of inhibitory effects on root elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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