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Wei Y, Li A, Zhao Y, Li W, Dong Z, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Gao Y, Zhang Q. Time-Course Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Insights into the Inflorescence and Flower Development of Cardiocrinum giganteum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:649. [PMID: 38475495 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cardiocrinum giganteum is an endemic species of east Asia which is famous for its showy inflorescence and medicinal bulbs. Its inflorescence is a determinate raceme and the flowers bloom synchronously. Morphological observation and time-course transcriptomic analysis were combined to study the process of inflorescence and flower development of C. giganteum. The results show that the autonomic pathway, GA pathway, and the vernalization pathway are involved in the flower formation pathway of C. giganteum. A varied ABCDE flowering model was deduced from the main development process. Moreover, it was found that the flowers in different parts of the raceme in C. giganteum gradually synchronized during development, which is highly important for both evolution and ecology. The results obtained in this work improve our understanding of the process and mechanism of inflorescence and flower development and could be useful for the flowering period regulation and breeding of C. giganteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Ex Situ Conservation, Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Aihua Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Ex Situ Conservation, Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Ex Situ Conservation, Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhiyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Ex Situ Conservation, Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Ex Situ Conservation, Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuntao Zhu
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Ex Situ Conservation, Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yike Gao
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Kaur S, Atri C, Akhatar J, Mittal M, Kaur R, Banga SS. Genetics of days to flowering, maturity and plant height in natural and derived forms of Brassica rapa L. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:473-487. [PMID: 33084931 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies enabled prediction of many candidate genes for flowering, maturity and plant height under differing day-length conditions. Some genes were envisaged only from derived B. rapa. Flowering and plant height are the key life history traits. These are crucial for adaptation and productivity. Current investigations aimed to examine genotypic differences governing days to flowering, maturity and plant height under contrasting day-length conditions; and identify genomic regions governing the observed phenotypic variations. An association panel comprising 195 inbred lines, representing natural (NR) and derived (DR) forms of Brassica rapa (AA; 2n = 20), was evaluated at two sowing dates and two locations, representing different day-length regimes. Derived B. rapa is a unique pre-breeding material extracted from B. juncea (AABB; 2n = 36). Population structure analysis, using DArT genotypes established derived B. rapa as a genetic resource distinct from natural B. rapa. Genome wide association studies facilitated detection of many trait associated SNPs. Chromosomes A03, A05 and A09 harboured majority of these. Functional annotation of the associated SNPs and surrounding genome space(s) helped to predict 43 candidate genes. Many of these were predicted under specific day-length conditions. Important among these were the genes encoding floral meristem identity (SPL3, SPL15, AP3, BAM2), photoperiodic responses (COL2, AGL18, SPT, NF-YC4), gibberellic acid biosynthesis (GA1) and regulation of flowering (EBS). Some of the predicted genes were detected for DR subpanel alone. Genes controlling hormones, auxins and gibberellins appeared important for the regulation of plant height. Many of the significant SNPs were located on chromosomes harbouring previously reported QTLs and candidate genes. The identified loci may be used for marker-assisted selection after due validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehdeep Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Chhaya Atri
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Javed Akhatar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Meenakshi Mittal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rimaljeet Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Surinder S Banga
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
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Scheben A, Severn-Ellis AA, Patel D, Pradhan A, Rae SJ, Batley J, Edwards D. Linkage mapping and QTL analysis of flowering time using ddRAD sequencing with genotype error correction in Brassica napus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:546. [PMID: 33287721 PMCID: PMC7720618 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica napus is an important oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. During domestication and breeding of B. napus, flowering time has been a target of selection because of its substantial impact on yield. Here we use double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) to investigate the genetic basis of flowering in B. napus. An F2 mapping population was derived from a cross between an early-flowering spring type and a late-flowering winter type. RESULTS Flowering time in the mapping population differed by up to 25 days between individuals. High genotype error rates persisted after initial quality controls, as suggested by a genotype discordance of ~ 12% between biological sequencing replicates. After genotype error correction, a linkage map spanning 3981.31 cM and compromising 14,630 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was constructed. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome C2 was detected, covering eight flowering time genes including FLC. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the ddRAD approach to sample the B. napus genome. Our results also suggest that ddRAD genotype error rates can be higher than expected in F2 populations. Quality filtering and genotype correction and imputation can substantially reduce these error rates and allow effective linkage mapping and QTL analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Scheben
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Anita A Severn-Ellis
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dhwani Patel
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aneeta Pradhan
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rae
- BASF Agricultural Solutions Belgium NV, BASF Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Gao X, Walworth AE, Mackie C, Song GQ. Overexpression of blueberry FLOWERING LOCUS T is associated with changes in the expression of phytohormone-related genes in blueberry plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2016; 3:16053. [PMID: 27818778 PMCID: PMC5080838 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Flowering locus T (FT) is a primary integrator in the regulation of plant flowering. Overexpressing a blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) FT gene (VcFT) (herein VcFT-OX) resulted in early flowering and dwarfing in 'Aurora' plants (herein 'VcFT-Aurora'). In this study, we found that VcFT-OX reduced shoot regeneration from leaf explants. To investigate the potential roles of the phytohormone pathway genes associated with VcFT-OX, differentially expressed (DE) genes in leaf tissues of 'VcFT-Aurora' plants were annotated and analyzed using non-transgenic 'Aurora' plants as a control. Three DE floral genes, including the blueberry SUPPRESSOR of Overexpression of constans 1 (VcSOC1) (gibberellin related), Abscisic acid responsive elements-binding factor 2 (VcABF2) and protein related to ABI3/VP1 (VcABI3/VP1) (ethylene-related), are present under both the phytohormone-responsive and the dwarfing-related Gene Ontology terms. The gene networks of the DE genes overall showed the molecular basis of the multifunctional aspects of VcFT overexpression beyond flowering promotion and suggested that phytohormone changes could be signaling molecules with important roles in the phenotypic changes driven by VcFT-OX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Aaron E Walworth
- Department of Horticulture, Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Charity Mackie
- Department of Horticulture, Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Guo-qing Song
- Department of Horticulture, Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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