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Cardinale A, Cantalupo S, Lasorsa VA, Montella A, Cimmino F, Succoio M, Vermeulen M, Baltissen MP, Esposito M, Avitabile M, Formicola D, Testori A, Bonfiglio F, Ghiorzo P, Scalvenzi M, Ayala F, Zambrano N, Iles MM, Xu M, Law MH, Brown KM, Iolascon A, Capasso M. Functional annotation and investigation of the 10q24.33 melanoma risk locus identifies a common variant that influences transcriptional regulation of OBFC1. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:863-874. [PMID: 34605909 PMCID: PMC9077268 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 10q24.33 locus is known to be associated with susceptibility to cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), but the mechanisms underlying this association have been not extensively investigated. We carried out an integrative genomic analysis of 10q24.33 using epigenomic annotations and in vitro reporter gene assays to identify regulatory variants. We found two putative functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an enhancer and in the promoter of OBFC1, respectively, in neural crest and CMM cells, one, rs2995264, altering enhancer activity. The minor allele G of rs2995264 correlated with lower OBFC1 expression in 470 CMM tumors and was confirmed to increase the CMM risk in a cohort of 484 CMM cases and 1801 controls of Italian origin. Hi-C and chromosome conformation capture (3C) experiments showed the interaction between the enhancer-SNP region and the promoter of OBFC1 and an isogenic model characterized by CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of the enhancer-SNP region confirmed the potential regulatory effect of rs2995264 on OBFC1 transcription. Moreover, the presence of G-rs2995264 risk allele reduced the binding affinity of the transcription factor MEOX2. Biologic investigations showed significant cell viability upon depletion of OBFC1, specifically in CMM cells that were homozygous for the protective allele. Clinically, high levels of OBFC1 expression associated with histologically favorable CMM tumors. Finally, preliminary results suggested the potential effect of decreased OBFC1 expression on telomerase activity in tumorigenic conditions. Our results support the hypothesis that reduced expression of OBFC1 gene through functional heritable DNA variation can contribute to malignant transformation of normal melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cardinale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80136, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sueva Cantalupo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80136, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy
| | - Vito Alessandro Lasorsa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80136, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy
| | - Annalaura Montella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80136, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy
| | | | | | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke P Baltissen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matteo Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80136, Italy
| | - Marianna Avitabile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80136, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy
| | - Daniela Formicola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80136, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy
- SOC Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Meyer, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Alessandro Testori
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80136, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Genetica dei Rumori Rari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Scalvenzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80136, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ayala
- Department of Melanoma and Cancer Immunotherapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Zambrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80136, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy
| | - Mark M Iles
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mai Xu
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin M Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80136, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80136, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy
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Abstract
Telomerase is the essential reverse transcriptase required for linear chromosome maintenance in most eukaryotes. Telomerase supplements the tandem array of simple-sequence repeats at chromosome ends to compensate for the DNA erosion inherent in genome replication. The template for telomerase reverse transcriptase is within the RNA subunit of the ribonucleoprotein complex, which in cells contains additional telomerase holoenzyme proteins that assemble the active ribonucleoprotein and promote its function at telomeres. Telomerase is distinct among polymerases in its reiterative reuse of an internal template. The template is precisely defined, processively copied, and regenerated by release of single-stranded product DNA. New specificities of nucleic acid handling that underlie the catalytic cycle of repeat synthesis derive from both active site specialization and new motif elaborations in protein and RNA subunits. Studies of telomerase provide unique insights into cellular requirements for genome stability, tissue renewal, and tumorigenesis as well as new perspectives on dynamic ribonucleoprotein machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alex Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3202; , , ,
| | - Heather E Upton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3202; , , ,
| | - Jacob M Vogan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3202; , , ,
| | - Kathleen Collins
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3202; , , ,
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Zhou Y, Ning Z, Lee Y, Hambly BD, McLachlan CS. Shortened leukocyte telomere length in type 2 diabetes mellitus: genetic polymorphisms in mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and telomeric pathways. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:8. [PMID: 26951191 PMCID: PMC4781821 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current debate in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has focused on shortened leukocyte telomere length (LTL) as the result of a number of possible causes, including polymorphisms in mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) leading to oxidative stress, telomere regulatory pathway gene polymorphisms, or as a direct result of associated cardiovascular complications inducing tissue organ inflammation and oxidative stress. There is evidence that a heritable shorter telomere trait is a risk factor for development of T2DM. This review discusses the contribution and balance of genetic regulation of UCPs and telomere pathways in the context of T2DM. We discuss genotypes that are well known to influence the shortening of LTL, in particular OBFC1 and telomerase genotypes such as TERC. Interestingly, the interaction between short telomeres and T2DM risk appears to involve mitochondrial dysfunction as an intermediate process. A hypothesis is presented that genetic heterogeneity within UCPs may directly affect oxidative stress that feeds back to influence the fine balance of telomere regulation, cell cycle regulation and diabetes risk and/or metabolic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Zhixin Ning
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Yvonne Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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Vogan JM, Collins K. Dynamics of Human Telomerase Holoenzyme Assembly and Subunit Exchange across the Cell Cycle. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21320-35. [PMID: 26170453 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.659359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human telomerase acts on telomeres during the genome synthesis phase of the cell cycle, accompanied by its concentration in Cajal bodies and transient colocalization with telomeres. Whether the regulation of human telomerase holoenzyme assembly contributes to the cell cycle restriction of telomerase function is unknown. We investigated the steady-state levels, assembly, and exchange dynamics of human telomerase subunits with quantitative in vivo cross-linking and other methods. We determined the physical association of telomerase subunits in cells blocked or progressing through the cell cycle as synchronized by multiple protocols. The total level of human telomerase RNA (hTR) was invariant across the cell cycle. In vivo snapshots of telomerase holoenzyme composition established that hTR remains bound to human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) throughout all phases of the cell cycle, and subunit competition assays suggested that hTERT-hTR interaction is not readily exchangeable. In contrast, the telomerase holoenzyme Cajal body-associated protein, TCAB1, was released from hTR in mitotic cells coincident with TCAB1 delocalization from Cajal bodies. This telomerase holoenzyme disassembly was reversible with cell cycle progression without any change in total TCAB1 protein level. Consistent with differential cell cycle regulation of hTERT-hTR and TCAB1-hTR protein-RNA interactions, overexpression of hTERT or TCAB1 had limited if any influence on hTR assembly of the other subunit. Overall, these findings revealed a cell cycle regulation that disables human telomerase association with telomeres while preserving the co-folded hTERT-hTR ribonucleoprotein catalytic core. Studies here, integrated with previous work, led to a unifying model for telomerase subunit assembly and trafficking in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Vogan
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Kathleen Collins
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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